1
'1
1
i
a
-I
.1
1
1786.
O F
'fl'
'fl'
a^InTd
WyomingCos
Penn.
1880.
ji
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'■— —
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-r*'
M
I
LUZERNE COUNTY COURT HOUSE , >A/I LKES BARRE , Pa .
TORy
O
/^
rrM
AND
7
^v v\
COUNTIES, PA.
WITH
4i
ii
|l Ilttstrafi0n^t and IMiogmjhtcal ^ketche^
OF
SOME OF THEIR PROMINENT MEN and PIONEERS.
NEW YORK:
W. W. MUNSELL & CO.
36 Vesey Street.
1880,
PRESS OF GEORGE .MACNAMARA. 38 VESEV STREET. N. Y.
1
LUZEI^NE COUNTY.
■J, 10
11,12
15, 16
OUTLlf(E HISTOI\Y OF PENNSYLVANIA,
CIIAPTEK I.
'riiu Discovery ot the Delaware -IVnnsyl-
vaiiia (iranted to ami I )rffani/.eil by Wil-
liam Penn
THAPTEll 11.
(icrmaii Immigration— The Administra-
tions of William Penn and Sir William
Keitti
CHAPTEIJ III.
The Question of Ta.xinfr the Pro|n ictary Es-
tates — Wars with the I'reneh an<l Indians
CHAPTEK IV.
Mason and Di.von's Lint — Causes of the
Kevolntion— Patriotic Action of Penn-
sylvania
CHAPTEK V.
devolution in the ProvinoialGoverinnent —
Pennsyhania a State— Hattles of 1776 and
1777— Indian Warfare
CIIAPTEI! VI.
Later Events of the Hevoliition — War with
the Western Indians— Constitutional
(/hanues
CHAPTER VII.
The PeniianiiteWar— Whiskey Insurrection
—"Molly Maguire" Outrages-The Riots
oflR77
CHAPTEK VIII.
Harrisliurjr made the Capital —The War of
1812 Internal Inipnuenientji— Schools
( IIAPTEU IX.
Patriotic Action in the Mexican and Ci\'il
Wars
10,20
20-2:
-■M
24,25
*^^=
CHAPTEK I.
Kelics and Theories of the Earliest Inhabi-
tjuits of Xorthcastcrn Penns>ivania —
CHAPTER II.
Opening: of tho Historic Period— The liuli-
ans of Wyoming
CHAPTER III.
Operations of the Siisiiuehanna Company—
The " Pennamite and Yankee " Contest
CHAPTER I\'.
The Pioneers— How lliey Came, .Settled ami
Developed the Resources of the Country
CH.VPTEK V.
Tho Condition of the Pioneers— Their Ways
and Means of Li vine
CHAPTER VI.
Old Luzerne County in the Revolution —
CHAPTER VII.
Civil History— Houndaries, Organization,
County lluildings ami Civil List
CHAPTER VIII.
Local Military Organizations— Service in
Canada and Mexico and at Homo —
CHAPTEK IX.
Early Wagon Roads and Mail Rou tes ....
30 ;i7
37-10
45-1I*
5.5-50
ro-64
fi4-«7
CIIAPTEK X.
History of the Coal Trade in Luzerne and
Lackawanna Counties
CHAPTER XI.
River Navigation— The Construction uf«
Canals
CIIAPTEK XII.
Tlie Construction of Railroads in Luzerne
County
CIIAPTEK XIII.
Historical. Agricultural, Medical. Religious
and Sport.smen's Associations
CHAPTER XIV.
Opening of the Civil War— Patriotic Spirit
in Luzerne. Lackawanna and Wyoming
Counties
CHAPTEK XV.
Luzerne in the Civil War— TheSlh. Ilth and
15th Regiments of Three Months Men . .
CHAPTER XVI.
The 2.Sth Regiment
CHAPTEK XVII.
The 36th and list Regiments (7th and I2th
Reserves) —
CHAPTER XVIII.
Histories of the Wth and Wth Reginn/nls
CHAPTER XIX.
History of the 52nd Regiment
CHAPTEK XX.
History of the .T3d Regiment
CIIAPTEK XXI.
The 5«th, .)7th and .5sth Regiments
CHAPTER XXII.
Tho 01st and 64th Regiments
CHAPTEK XXIII.
The 74tli,7fith and 77th Regiments —
CHAPTER -XXIV.
The 81st. 92nd and SUlth Regiments
CHAPTER XXV.
The in7th, 108th, 1.32nd, i;i«th and I42nd Regi-
ments
CHAPTEK XX%I.
'I'he I43d Regiment
CHAPTER XXVII.
The U'Jth, 101st, 102nd. liJW. 177th. I7sih and
194th Regiments — —
CHAPTEK XXVIII.
.\n Outlinoof tlieGeoIosry of the Wyominif
Coal Field
'.CI W!
•M
lo:l
Ktl 11)7
1117
111
HI
III)
116
126
I2«i
1211.
I2!l
I.-i.-.
185-HO
140
I in
musT
I.-vS
IDI
III".
178
182 mi
CITY. TdW.NSIIIP AND HOKOUGH HISTfiRIES.
Wilkes-Iiarre Cily and Township .... IBBSIfi
Bear Creek Township 2;I7
DIack Creek Township 237-231)
Buck Township Sin,24«
Ilutler Township 240 243
Conynghum Township 243.244
Dallas Township 244.215
Dallas llorough 245 247
Denison Township 247,248
Dorrance Township 248
ExcttT Township 249-2.52
West Pittston Borough 2.52,253
Fairmount Township
Foster Township
White Haven Itnrongh ..
Freeland Borough
Franklin Township
Hano\er Township
.\shlcy Bonnigh
Nanlieoke Borough
Sugar Nolch Borough
Ilazle Township
Hazleton llorough
Hollcniiaek Township
HiHiloek Township
Huntington Ttiwnship
.laekson 'i'ftwnship
.lenkins Township
Vatesvllle llorougli
Kingston T'lwnship
Kingston II«irough
Lake Township
Lehman Township
Marcy Township
Neseopeek Township
New Coluinhus Borough
Newp(trt Township
Pittston Township
llughestown Iltirough
Pittston llorough
Pleasant \'al)ey Borough
Plains Township
Parsons llortiugh
Plymouth Township
PlymiMilh Borough
Ross Township
Salem Township
Slia-um Township
Sugarloaf Township
I'nion Township
Shickshinny Borough
Wright Townsliip
.... 2.VI.255
.... 2.V> 2.5H
.... 2,58-3S4
.... 2111 2H7
.... 2tlM,2<)U
.... 2ai»-273
sis-ns
.... 278-280
.... 28lh2M2
.... 282 2'.«
2W
.... 2!fi.2!W
.... 21W 21W
.... .Ml. 301
.... :iil -Mi
.... ■.m..*H
.... :I04 311
.... 311 317
.... 318,3111
.... 3111 »21
.... XH.Xii
.... 323.3S4
2»U
.... :is4-;b7
.... :t>;.:i2H
:ti8
.... :c.ii 3:18
.... :i:i8;i40
.... :l40,3«o
.... :i«.v.34»
.... ;i48-.l.54
.... :Rv:)a2
.... 3KI.3llt
.... :iii4 -.tsn
.... ■.»-A.:%sn
... :«7-;ni
.... .171-373
.... »73^;i70
.... .T7«,:C7
LACKAWANNA BOUNTY.
CHAPTF.K I.
NauH* First Inhal>ilaiit8— County ' Uv.iiii-
zatlnn onicials
CILVPTEK II.
The Delawari* ami Hudson Canal Company
Railroads of Ijickuwanna County ....
CHAITEK III.
The 13lh Regiment of the National Gnurrl
of Pennsylvania
:i7i'. :I80
:i-iO
CITY. TOWNSHIP AND HOIK
Sennitonand Dunmorc
Carlioudali'City
.\liington Township
North .Xhlngton Township
.s<iuth .Vltington Township
(tienburn Borough
Waverly Borough ....
Benton T<iwnship
illakely Township ....
.\rehbald Borough
Illakely Borough
Dickson City llorough ....
.lermyn Borough
Olyphant Borough ....
lit
;il lIL-iTOKII-^S.
:|81 4.311
4:il>^452
4.53.4.54
454,455
4.Vi-4.57
457
4.57-4flO
400.4411
4(11.4112
4«2-485
VL^Iflt
4fl<l,4(I7
in7-4«l
470-472
•t
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Winton Borough
Carbondale Township
Clifton Township
Covington Township
Fell Township
Greenfield Township
Jefferson Township
Lackawanna Township ..
Lehigh Township
Gouldsborough
Madison Township
Newton Township
Old Forge Township
Ransom Township
Roaring Brook Township
Scott Township
Spring Brook Township ..
472
473
.... 473,474
.... 474,476
.... 476, 477
.... 477,478
.... 478-480
.... 480,481
.... 481,483
482
.... 483-486
.... 486-489
.... 489,490
.... 490-493
.... 492,493
.... 493,494
.... 494,495
WYOMING COUrtTY.
CHAPTER I.
Relics of an Earlier Race— Organization of
Wyoming County— Officers and Repre-
sentatives 496,497
CHAPTEK II.
Wyoming County Officers and Represent-
atives, continued 499
CHAPTER in.
Canal and Railroad Communications in
Wyoming County ■'jOO
CHAPTER IV.
Agricultural Societies— Wyoming County
Bible Society— Military Companies ... .500, 501
TOWNSHIP AND BOROUGH
Braintrim Township
Clinton Township
Eaton Township
Exeter Townshij*
Falls Townshiji
Forkston Township
Lemon Township
Mehoopany Township
Meshoppeu Township
Meshoppen Borough
Monroe Townshiii
Nicholson Township
Nicholson Borough
North Branch Township
North Moreland Township
Overfiekl Township
Tunkliannock Township
Tunkhannock Borough
Washington Township
Windham Township
HISTORIES.
503-505
505-,507
508-510
510
510-513
513, .514
. .. 514,515
.515-517
517-519
519,520
520-.523
523,523
52a-526
526
536,527
537,538
538-530
.530-535
53.5,536
.5:56-538
APPENDIX,
LUZERNE COUNTY.
The Wyoming Monument— M. E. Chapel,
Pleasant Valley— Sheldon Reynolds 539
LACKAWANNA COUNTY.
Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company (W.
W. Scranton's Resignation)— Minislerial
and Official Changes— Scranton Fire De-
partment— Borough Items 539, .540
WYOMING COUNTY.
Keystone Academy, Factory ville
.540
BI0G1|APHIES.
Abbott, .Tohn
Ackerli'N', .\. I
Allen, \V. E
Apgar, .lonathan
Bardwell, H. W
Barnes, W. II
Barthe, E. D
Bauman, .\nthony
Baun, Itobert —
Beamish, F. A
Benedict, G.W
Benedict, S. S
Benner, Samuel ....
Bennct, Charles —
— facing
344 A
454 A
438 K
333
5:34 A
516 A
3.54 A
236 A
236 .V
438 I
4:iS L
4.53 A
348 A
3.3(! H
Bennet, D. S
Bennett, Ziba
Birkbeck, Mrs. Elizabeth
Bishop, William
Bogert, J. K.
Bradley, W.H
Briggs, C.L
Briggs, J. F.
Brown, S. L.
Brundage, A. R
Brundage, F. M
Bryden, Andrew
Burgess. A. P
Bunnell, F.C
Camp, Cyrus D
Campbell, John
Carey, J. M.
Carpenter, James S.
Clarkson, James
Connolly, D. W
Connolly, John F.
Cook, A. W.
Coon, J. C.
Copeland, David
Courtright, Benjamin . . . .
Crippen, Martin
Dana Family
Dana, C.H.
Dana, Anderson
Daniels, W. G
Davis, S.D.
Day, Alvin
Dekin, John
De Lacy, Patrick
Denison, J. W
Dershuck, Peter
Dewitt, D. D
Dickinson, Miss Susan E. ...
Donop, August
Dorrance Family
Doty, A. H.
Drum, G. W
Eaton, .\lver and James M.
Edwards, B.W
Ellithorp, E. L
Engle, S. D.
Evans, Benjamin
Evans, D.J.
Evans, R.T.
Everhart Family
Eynon, Thomas
Fassett, John
Ferris, William
Fisher, C.H.
Flick, R.J.
Foote, John
Foster, C. D.
Frear, James
Gardner, A. P
Gibbs, J. W., Jr
Gordon, Lewis
Green, A. L.
Green, J. D.
Hahn, J. L.
Hakes, Harry
Hancock, E. A
Hand, D. B
Harding, G.M
Harding, Henry
Harding. Daniel
Hart, Theodore, Jr.
Hartnuui, Mrs. M. L. T. ...
Harvey, .A.N
Ilcndrick, E. E
nice, George
Hitchcock, Elisha
K{)llister, Horace
Hopewell, J. U
Hosie, John
Hoyt, H. M
Hubler, P. F
Hughes, George
Hull, William
Hunt, A. E.
Hutchings, W.S
Ingham, S. D
.... 236H
Jenkins Family
.... 236M
Jenkins, William
.... 256
Jenkins, Jonathan
.... 464A
Jennings, Wm
.... 236A
Jermy n, John ....
.... 236 B
Jones, Edward
.... 454A
Jones, W. S.
.... 373 A
Jones, H. I.
.... 236 B
Jordan, James
.... 236F
Kearney Family —
.... 248A
Kenyon, J. B
.... 330A
Kern, J. T.
.... 538A
Kiefer, N
.... 5.34A
Kintner, J. C
.... 534E
Kisner, E. P
.... 452 B
Koons, William
.... 524A
Kulp, G. B.
.... 516A
Ladd, Horace
facing 229
Lampman, J. S
facing 400
Laning, A. C
facing 437
Lathrope, T. R
.... 452 B
Law, William ....
.... 236 B
Lee, Washington,
.... 306A
Lee. Andrew —
.... 236H
Le Grand, Lewis ....
.... 470 B
Lewis, E.R
.... 336N
Little, R.R
.... ,534 B
Loouiis. 0. H
.... .506 A
Lott, Ziba —
.... 333A
Lo\'e, Henry —
.... 468 B
Loveland, William
.... 534F
Lynch, J. J.
.... 438 1
McMillan, James —
.... 438A
Macknight, O.B
.... 516 .\
McKinstry, A. B ....
.... 248B
McMurtrie, Alfred
.... .534 B
Merrifield, Edward
.... 330A
Merrifleld, William
.... 248 A
Miller, C. P
.... 306 .\
.Miner, Charles
.... 516 A
Miner, W. P
.... 248A
Miner, C. A
.... 464 A
Mitchell, John
.... 538A
Mitchell, H.H
.... 330A
Money5>enny, W. B.
.... 248 A
Monies, W. N
.... 333 A
Nelson, Reuben —
.... 438M
Nicol, Helen —
facing 433
Nicol, Andrew
.... 438A
Nivison, Mrs. M. C.
facing 535
O'Donnell, James
.... 538A
O'Haran, Dennis
.... 470A
Osterhout, P. M
.... 333E
Osterhout, Mrs. Sarah
.... 336H
Parke, N.G
.... 464 A
Parsons, Calvin
facing 194
Patten, Andrew
.... 506 A
Paine, Lewis C
.... 483 A
Payne, W.G
facing 431
Payne, H.B
.... 330F
Pell Family,
.... 468 B
Pellam, S. H
.... 3:30 A
Pettebone, Payne
.... 516A
Pier, W.H.
.... 2:56
Pierson, C. T
.... 344 A
Pike, Gordon
.... 438 B
Price, C.B.
.... 236
Pughe, Lewis —
.... 330B
Pursel, Peter ....
.... 330A
Raber, Michael ....
.... a30F
Reap, Michael —
.... 373.V
Rejnolds, Sheldon
.... 398 B
Ripple, E.H
.... 453 C
Koat, B. B.
.... 330B
Roberts, Henry
4:58 B
Robinson, Philip, Jr.
4001^
Robinson, S. B
4380
Ross, W.S.
4.38J
Russell, A. H
236 S
Scliimpff, Leopold
486 B
Schoolcy, William
.... 248 A
Schoonmaker, U. G.
.... 470A
Scranton, J. A
.... 438C
Scranton, Mrs. J. H.
468B
Seacord, S. H
516 A
Seamans, G. B
306B
468 B
534B
516 B
468 A
470 A
facing
407
facing
345
470 A
....
464 A
470 A
330B
....
438P
516 B
248 C
372 A
446 B
4.38 C
facing
201
236
44<) A
....
330B
236 S
236 T
236 E
....
438P
534 B
.534 A
534B
.516 A
306C
470 A
330B
344A
486 A
248A
facing
420
....
392 A
534G
236L
236L
236M
—
3UA
.534 A
509
393 B
306 C
facing
436
facing
436
facing
4:53
a30B
336 E
....
.534 C
534B
330B
....
344A
470 B
3:56 F
306 G
306 C
facing
328
4.54 A
....
306D
4.38 H
4:58 C
,520 A
3:56 P
438 D
facing
195
:i33A
3:50 C
5.39
4:58 D
:506H
400 A
333 D
438D
....
236 P
524 A
facing
411
....
3:30 c
....
438 E
400B
438 S
5.34 D
....
:530 C
^^
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Searle. Jt)hn and Mary
Shaw, William S.
Sherwood, C'hauncey
Shive, P. C.
Shoemaker Family
Shuinaii, J. L
Simpson, George
.Simrell, K. W
Sloeum Family —
Slocum, Joseph ....
Sommers, Henry
Snowden. E. H
Snyder, Nathan ....
Speneer, Edward
.'^tark, Samuel ....
Stark Family
Stemjjles. William
Stephens, A. W
Sterlinitf, Norman
Stevens, Asa II
Stevens, C. A
Stoeker, Thomas ....
Stokes, J. C
Sturdevant, E. W.
Stutzbaeh, U. ¥
Stutzbaeh, .Viigust
Swetland, W. H
Swetland, William
Thruop. li. H
Trescott, Luther
Tripp, Ira
Tul)lis, K. M. . ..
Turner. S. (i. —
Van IJertjen, J. U.
Van Siekle, Lewis
Vose, T. L.
Wadhanis Family
Wakcman. U. E
Walker, A. li
Waller, C.P
Weaver, P. V.
Wchlau, Ludwig,
Well*, E. H.
Wells, J. C
W^ells, Natlian
Wernet, Xavier
Whipple, 1. E
Williams ?"amily
W'illiams, J.J
Williamson, J. P
Winton, A. H
F. P. W'oodward
W^oodward, S
Wright, H.B
Yates, Fnineis
Yost, S. D.
Y'ost, A. F.
facing
facing
auA
524 A
500 A
»44I)
•MSA
ifHA
40,i
SM C
i:» E
4IU
.... 3U« F
.... S48A
.... 438 F
.... 534 D
.... 330 J
.... 51BA
.... 524 F
.... 534 A
.... 4;i« F
.... 4y« G
.... 344 B
.... 248 E
.... 236 J
.... 248 F
.... 4.18 8
.... 516A
.... 306 E
.... 438 G
.... 2!l» C
.... 438H
.... 372 B
.... 230 K
.... 452 E
.... iTAA
.... 516 A
.... 2;j6 K
.... .538 A
.... .t24.\
facing 200
.... -USA
.... 4:(8 I
.... 524F
.... 268B
.... 534 G
.... 268 B
404
303
464 A
330 S
406
4:38 U
336 H
336 1
.. facing 303
348 A
438 r
facing
facing
facing
GEPALOGICAL >ND PEl^SO^AL I|ECOI\p.
AVilkes-Barre City and Township ....
Black (reck, Butler Foster, Hazle and
Sugarloaf Townships, Frecland, liazle-
ton, .Icddii and White Haven Horouglis
Hanover Township, and .\shley, Nantieoke
and Sugar Notch Boroughs
I)alla.s Fairmount, Franklin, Huntington,
Lake and Ross Townships, DalliU! and
New Columbus Boroughs
Kingston Township and Borough
Conyngham, Uorrance, Hollenback. Loh-
nian, Neseopeck, Newiiort, Sloeum and
Wright Townships
Exeter, Marcy and Pittston Townships.
Hughestown, Pleasjuit Valley, I'ittston
anJ West Pittston Boroughs
Jenkins and Plains Townships, Y^atesvillo
and Parsons Boroughs
Plymouth Township and Itorough and
Jaekscni Township
Hunloek, Salem and I'nion Townships
and Shickshinny Borough
Scrantonand Dunmore
Carbondale City and Township, Fell and
Greenfield Townships
236 A-T
248 A-F
268 A, B
298 A-D
SOBA-H
Benton, North Abington and South Ablng-
ton Townships Glenburn and Wavorly
Boroughs
Archbald Borough and Scott TowDsbip
Jermyn Borough
Blakely, Dicksou City and Olyphant Bor-
oughs
Clifton, Covington, Jefferson, lA-high, Mad-
ison, Boaring Brook and Spring Brook
Townships, and Gouldsborough
Lackawiuma, Newton, Old Forge and Itan-
som Townships
Clinton, Eaton, Falls and Ovorfleld Town-
ships
Mehoopany Township
E.\eter, Monroe and North Moreland
Townships
Lemon, Meshoppcn, Nicholson and Wash-
ington 'I'ownships, Meshoppenand Nich-
olson Boroughs
Tunkhannock Townshipand Borough ....
Bniinlrini, Forkston, North Branch and
Windham Townshii)s
322 A-C
SJO A-I
344 A-C
354 A, B
4M A.B
404 A-I>
468 A, B
470 A-D
483 A, B
486 A-D
508 A-D
516 A, B
520 A, B
524 A-G
5;ma-h
538 A-D
ILLUSTR/TIOHS.
Benner, Samuel, Conyngham. Kes 345
Bennet, Mrs. Charles. Wilkes-Barro, Hes 210
Birkbeek, Mis. Joseph, Foster, Homestead 517
Bishop Bros , .Archbalil. Store 517
Briggs, C. L., Dalton, Bes. and K. H. Station.. 4.W
Brown, S. L. & Co., Wilkes- llarre. Warehouse. 531
Brundagp, F. M., Conyngham, Ues 345
Burgess, A. P., Forkston, Ue.s. and Store 506
Bunnell, F. C. & Co., Tunkhannock, Bank. . . 532
Carpenter, James S., Mehoi)pany, Kes. and
Fact ory 533
Coal Chart 84a
Court House. Scranton. Lackawanna County 378
Court House, Wilkes-Barre, frontispiece
Court House, Tunkhainiock, Wyoming Co 498
Dana. .Anderson. Eaton, Hes ^iXi
Dekin, John, Dunmore, Hotel 470
Dickson Manufi(x;turing Co., Wilkes-Barre,
Works 236?^
Donop, .\ugustus Von, Frecland, Ues 517
Dorrance, Charles, Kingston, Kes 316
Doty, -V. H.. Mehoopany, Kes. and Factory... 470
Edwards, I!. W., Laceyville, Store 310
Ellilhorp \- Co., Wi.st Pittston. Factory 331
Empire Breaker, Wilkes-Barre 341
Engle, Mrs. John, Sugarloaf, Kes 413
Evans, Benjamin, Neseoi)e<^k, Ues. and Mill. . . 351
Fairchild, J. .M., Nantieoke, Ues 5:n
Ferri.s, Mrs. Anna, < 'lyphant, Kes 470
Frear, I., Factory ville. Keystone Academy... 506
Hancock & Mackiiight, Plains, Block 306 }Hi
Harding, Mrs. Sally. E.xeter, Kes 249
Hazard Manufacturing Company, Wilkes-
Barre, Works 318
Heller, Samuel, Wapwallopen, Hes 344
Hcndrick, E. E.. Carbondale, Ues 4411
Hice, George, Exeter, Ues 2.'il
Hughes, George, Butler, Kes... 240
Hunt Brothers 4: Co., Sermiton, Block 413
Hunt, C. P. A: Brother, Wilkes-Barre, Store.. 3;»?4
Jenkins, Jabez, runkhaiinoik, Kes .'>30
Jennings, J. T., .Mehoopany aJ2
Kennard, George L., Laceyville, Hotel 310
Kern, J. T. & Ellen, Exeter, Kes S4»
Lee, Andrew, Wilkes-Barre, lies 1«8
Lee Arms Company, Sturmervillo. Works — 251
Le Grand Lewis, Wilkes-Barre, Factory 379
Loomis, O. H., Meshoppcn, Kes 498
Loveland, William, Kingston, Kes 311
Mahon, William, Olyphant, Hotel and Store.. 517
.Mallinckrodt Convent. Wilkes-Barre 334
McKinstry, A. B., SchulUvlUe, Farm and Tan
Miner, CharlcsA.. WIlkes-Barro, Res 217
Osterhout. P. M., La flrange, Honuiitcud BOB
Osterhout, P. M., Tunkhannock, Hea &28
Paine, U'wisC. Wilkes-Barre, Kes 217
Patterson Orovo Cump Ground, Fairmount
following 254
Payne, W. G., Kingston, Kes 311
Pellam, S. H., North Ablngton, Kes 455
Pettebone, Payne, Wyoming, Kes 316
Price, C. B. i Son, Wllkes-Uarre, turning and
planing-mlll 238H
Kaber, .MIchncI, .Neseopeck, Ki-s 454 II
Uelchard's Brewery, WIlkes-Barro 230)»
Kobinson, K., Semnlon, Brewery 411
KOS.S, W.S., Wilkes-Barre, lies 216
.''ehimpfr, L., Scninton, Kobinmn's Brewery.. 411
Schooley, William, Exeter, Hes 350
.SchoonmakiT, V. G.. .Scranton, Hotel 3S7
Seacord, S. H., Tunkhannock, Hotel (28
Shaw, William S,, I-jist I.emon, Hi's 533
,Shlve, Peter C, Plains, Ues, and Olllce 340
Shunian, J. L., Wapwallopen, Kes 4M D
Simpson, O. and A., Grecnili'ld, Hotel 300
Sketches— Luzerne Cimnty '. 378
St. Mary"8 Academy, D. O'Hnran, Wilkes-
Barre 342
St. Mary's Chureb, D. O'Haran, Wllkcs-Uarro 234
St. Mary's Church and Parsonage, Pleasant
Valley ,t;»
St. Patrick's Church, Olyphant 470
St. Thomas' Church, X.J. .McManu.s, Archbald 507
Stark, Mrs. James F., Plains, Hes 210
.Stark. Mrs. Samuel. Tunkhannock, Kes 628
Sterling, Norman, Meshoppcn, Ues 528
Slocker, Tammie H., Plains, Hes 343
Sturdevant, E. W , Wdkes-Barre, Hes 216
Snyder, .Nathan, Sugarloaf, UcB 308
Tripp. Ira, .^^cranton, Hes ggs
Union Stove Works, I'ittst^in 381
Van Bergen & Co.. Carbondale, Foundry and
Shop 442
Van Sickle, L., Waverly, Ues 450
\'ulean Iron Works, Wllke»-Barre 2389^
Wadhams House, Plymouth 458
Wakeman, B. E., I.aci'yville, Kes 310
Wells, .lohn ('., Ashley, Cnlon Hall 270
Wernet. .\avier. .Nantieoke, Hotel .507
Whipple I. E., Scnuiton, Hotel 404
Wilkes-Barre in ISW frontispiece
Woodward, S., Wilkes-Barre, Lord Butler
Hou.se 342
Wyoming Valley Knitting Mills, West Pittston 331
Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, D. Copoland
Principal 313
Wyoming Valley ManufH<-turlng C<impany,
Kichard Sliarpe President, Wilkes-Barre 238>i
Yost, S. D., Sugarliaif, Hes 388
nery .
458
McMurtrie, .\lfred, Sugarloaf, Kes 345
.McNeish, Alexander and Snyder, Block, Nan-
tieoke •'^'
372 A, B Map of Luzerne, Lackawanna and Wyoming
438A-1' Counties *
Map of Wyoming Coal Fields 1st
t52A-F .Mitchell, li. H., Lemon, Ues 517
POI^TRjlITS.
^
AblxUt. John. Plains
.\ckerley. A. I., South Ablngton
.Vckerley, Mrs. .-V. I., South Ablngton
.•\llen, W . E., Scnuiton
Ai>gar, ,lonatluui, Dunmore
.Apgar, Cornelia D
Bardwill, H. W., Tunkhannock
Barnes. William H., Mehoopany
Bennet, Charles, Wilkm-Barre — following
Bennet, Sarah S., " " ....preceding
Bennet, D. S., " "
Bennet, Ziba " "
Billings, Paul, Tunkhannock
Birkbeek, Mrs.. Foster
Briggs. C. L., Dalton
Briggs, .Mrs. C. L., Didton
Briggs, J. F., Shlek«hinn.v
llrundage, .\. U., Wilkes-Burre
Bryden, .\ndrew. Pittston
Bunnell. F. C.. Tinikhannock
CamplK'll, John, ( arbondale
CamplMll, W. A., Shickshinny
Carey, J. M., Meslu ippen
(^hirkson, .lames, Carbondale
Connolly, D. W., Scranton
Connolly. John F.. Scranton
255
330K
3WK
438K
X»
323
322 A
413
'.:»H
238 I
215
78
241
517
4.M
4.M
SM
2;mm
282
5,14 A
317
2.'>4
518
229
400
437
m
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Courtright, IJenjamin, Plains
Crippcn. Martin, Olypliant
Dana, C. H., Tunlshannuck
Dana, E. L., \Vill<e*-Barre
Daniels, \V. G., Scran ton
Davis, Sumner D., Jenny n
Dekin, John. Dun more
De Lacy, P., Scranton
Denison, J. W.,Mehoopany
Dewitt, David 1)., Tunkhanniick
Dickinson, Susan E.. Pittston
Dorrance, ('., Wilkes- l!aire following
Drum. Abraham. Uutlor
Drum, George W.. Conynjfham
Eaton. Alver. Archbalii
Engle. Stephen D.. Hazleton
Evans, lien jamin. Xeseopeck
Evans. Keese T., Scranton
Everhart, ,rames M.. Scranton.... following
Everhart, I. K.. Scranton preceding-
Eynon, Thomas. Scranton
Fassctt. John. Scottsville
Fas.set t, Mrs. John, Scottsville
Ferris, William, Olyphant
Fisher, <'. H., Scranton
Flick, K. J., Wilkes-Harrc
Footp, John. Archbald
Foster. Charles D.. Wilkes-Barre
(Jardnc'r. A. P.. Uoarin;; Brook
Gibbs, J. W., jr., Scranton
Green, .VU'rccl I,., Jermyn
llahn, .lohn L.. Mehoopany
Hakes, II , Wilkes-Barre
Hancock, E. .\., Plains
Hand. 1). B.. Scranton
Hardin;;. Daniel. K.\eter
Harilintr, Garrick M., Wilkes-Barre
}lartnuin. .Mrs. M. L. T., I'nion
Harvey, .\. X.. Harveyville
Heller, Samuid, Wapwallopen
Heller. Mrs. Samuel, Wapwallopen
Hitchcock, Amanda, Scranton
Hitchcock. Kljcnezer, "
Hitchcock. Elisha "
Hit! h<ock. Maiion, "
Hitchcock, Ituth, "
Hollistir, Horace. Providence
Holmi'S. KIkan di
Ilosic. John. Scranton
Hoyt. Henry M., Wilkes-Barre
Hubler, P. F.. Xewton
I ! ut'hes, George, Butler
Hu;f lies, Barbara, Butler
Ingham, Samuel D., .Mchoopany
Ingham. Thomas J
Jenkins, .lonathan, Tunkhannock
Jenkins, Steuben, Wyoming
Jenkins. William, Jermyn
Jennings. William, Mehoojiany
255 Jermyn, John, Jermyn
387 Jones, Edward, Olyphant
529 Jones, H. Isaac, Scranton
236 N Jones, William S., Scranton
332 A Jordan James, Olyphant
38" Kearney, Patrick, .Vrchbald
282 Kenyon, J. B., Olyphant
■tl8 A Kintner, J. C, Mehoopany
413 Kisner, Elliott P.. Hazleton
5Ifi B Koons. William, Shickshinny
innA Kulp, George B., Wilkes-Barre
306 Ladd, Horace. Scranton
369 Lampman, John S., Wilkes-Barre
36g Laning, A. C, Wilkes-Barre preceding
454 A Lathrope. Thomas K.. Carbondale
369 Law, William, Pittston
322 A Lee, Andrew, Wilkes-Barre following
433 Lee, Washington, Wilkes-Barre.. preceding
438 I Little, K. U.. Tunkhannock
vm A I Lott. Ziba, Tunkhannock
.52) ! Love, Henry, Mehoopany
51il i Lynch. James J., Olyphant
.">1U Macknight, O. B . Plains 3
3:30 K McMillan. James, Pleasant Valley
322 E Marcy. .\bel, Tunkhannock —
208 Mcrrifleld. E., Scranton
38" Merrilield. William, Scranton
int Miller. C. P., Tunkhannock
4T0 .\ .Miner, Charles, Wilkes-Barre
421 j .Mitchell, John. Plains
470 A ! Moneypenny, W. It., Eaton
51K ] Monies, Colonel William N., Scranton
236 Xclson. Heuben, Kingston
306 UVj Nieol, Andrew, Scranton
398 Nicol, Mrs. Andrew, Scranton
330 A Nivison, Mrs. M. C Scranton
2360 O'DonncIl, J.. Pittston
4117 Osborne. E. S.. Wilkes-Barre
21.") Osterhout, P. .\I., Tunkhannock.. following
244 Osterhout, Mrs. I'. M.. " preceding
244 I Osterhout, Saiah, Tunkhannock
Ml ! Parke, N.G., West Pittston
391 Parsons, Calvin, Parsons Station
^H Patten, Andrew, 01yi)hant,
391 Payne, Hubbard B., Kingston
.391 Pell. Sanujel, Wilkes-Barre
40(1 !•<; Pell. Margaret, Wilkes-Barre
241 Pellani, S. H., .North Abington
438 J Pellam, Mrs. S. H., Xorth Abington
236 S Pettebone, Payne, Wyoming following
4."j4 A Pier, William H., Scranton
210 Pierson. Charles T.. Scran ton
240 Pike. Gordon, Xorth Moreland
24.S F Price, C. B., Wilkes-Barre
'.16 Puiscl, Peter, Wilkes-Barre
. ."):«! ! Heap, Michael, Pittston
. :!ll(i B I Hippie, Ezra H., Scranton
. 4.'>4 .\ Kobcrts, Henry. Scranton
. :i22 I Kobinson. Phili)!. jr.. Scranton
468A
529
345
407
387
330K
454A
518
283
214
446 B
4:38 C
201
306 A
446 A
282
236 T
2.S7
248 F
241
413
317
116 ny.
214
519
420
392 A
283
74
:i44 A
.i08
:)92 B
:il4
4:;6
4:i2
:J3U B
.534 B
.534 C
306
3.31) B
283
470 A
■M) r
228
435
4.5.5
:iCB D
4:38 H
4:35
241
28:3
195
330 C
4:38 D
400 A
322 D
Robinson, Silas B., Scranton 438 E
Ross, William S., Wilkes-Barre. . . .following 236 P
Ross, Mrs. William S preceding 236 Q
Russell, A. H., Washington 413
Schimpff, Leopold, Scranton 411
Sehooley, William, E.\eter 250
Sehooley, Sarah A., E.\eter 250
Scranton, J. A., Scranton 400 IS
Scranton, J. H., Scranton 408
Seamans, George B., Pittston 497
Search, George W., Shickshinny 2.54
Search. Lot. Shickshinny : 254
Searle, John, Plains 255
Searle, Mary, Plains 255
Sherwood, C, Falls 248 F
Shive, Peter C, Plains 340
Shoemaker, Elijah, Wilkes-Barre 196
Shuman. J. L., Wapwallopen 214
Shuman, Mrs. F. E., Wapwallopen 2U
Simrell, E.W., Scranton 405
Slocum, Joseph, Scranton :388
Sloeum, Laton, E.\eter :5:30 D
Sommers, Henry, Dim more 410
Spencer, Edward, Scranton following 438 F
Stark, A. M.. Tunkhaimock 518
Stark, Henry, " .319
Stark, James F., Plains a30 J
Stark, Samuel, Tunkhannock 534 D
Stemples, William, Mehoopany 516 13
Stephens, A. W. Xicholson 529
Stevens, A. 13., Scranton i)reeeding 438 G
Stevens, Charles A., Scranton 4.38 G
Stneker, Thomas, Plains :343
Sturdevant, E. W., Wilkes-Barre. following 236 J
Sturdevant. Mrs. E. W., •' lueceding 236 K
Swethind, William, Kingston. ...preceding :306 E
Swetlnnd, William H.. Mehoopany 316 B
Throop. Benjamin H.. Scranton 426
Trcscott. Luther. Huntington 497
Tripp, Ira, Scranton 4:)8 H
Turner, S.G., Wilkes-Barre 2:36 R
Van Sickle, L., Waverly 459
Vose, Thomas L., Mehoopany 248 F
Wadhams, E. C, Wilkes-Barre :a6 L
Wakenuin, B. E., Laceyville 310
Walker, A. B.. Xicholson 470 A
Waller, Charles P.. Honesdale 200
Walsh. J. J., Pittston 282
W'eaver, Philip V., Hazleton :(6H
Welilau. Ludwig, Scranton 4:58 I
Wells, John C, Ashley 268 IS
Wells. Xathan, Meshoppen 516 B
Whiiiple, I. E , Scranton 404
Williams. .lames J., Archbald :!17
Williams, J. H., Plains :t02
Williamson, J. Pryor, Wilkes-Barre 213
Winton, A. H., Scranton 406
Wright, H. B., Wilkes-Barre :;20
Yates, Francis, Yatesvillo 303
*4>*-
INTRODUCTION.
In preparing for publication the following work the
publishers have not been ignorant of the fact that several
excellent histories of the region embraced in Luzerne,
Lackawanna and Wyoming counties liave already been
published. Most of these liave long been out of print,
and a portion of them are exceedingly rare. In none
of them is the range of topics as extensive as in this
work, which embraces not only histories of these
counties, but of each city, borough and township which
they include.
In gathering the material for this work not only have
these books and others been consulted, but information
has been sought from every available source; and it is
believed that many of the facts recorded have been pre-
served from oblivion by being thus rescued from the
failing memories of those who will soon pass away.
It is hardly possible that in a work like this no errors
will be found; but it is confidently hoped that if inaccu-
racies are discovered the great difficulty of preventing
their occurrence will be considered, and that they will be
regarded in a charitable rather than a censorious spirit.
The publishers desire to acknowledge the kindness
and courtesy with which their efforts to obtain the facts
recorded here have been almost uniformly met. To the
press, for free access to the files of their journals; to the
county, city and borough officers, for assistance in ex-
amining their records; to the pastors of nearly all the
churches in the three counties for assistance in preparing
the religious history, and to secretaries of numerous
lodges and societies for data furnished, their grateful
acknowledgments are due.
The following books have been consulted: Sherman
Day's and Doctor Egle's histories of Pennsylvania,
Annals of Philadelphia, Ruttenber's Indian Tribes of
Hudson's River, Heckwelder's Indian Nations, Stone's
Life of Joseph Brant and his Poetry and History of
Wyoming, Chapman's, Miner's and Peck's histories of
Wyoming, Miss Blackman's history of Susquehanna
county, Parkman's France and England in North Amer-
ica, Pearce's Annals of Luzerne, Wright's Sketches of
Plymouth, Hollister's History of the Lackawanna Valley,
the History of the Lehigh Valley, Clark's Wyoming
and Lackawanna Valleys, and others. For our very
complete and valuable rolls of the soldiers of the Union
from Luzerne, Lackawanna and Wyoming counties we
are indebted to the exhaustive History of Pennsylvania
Volunteers, prepared under the authority of the State, by
Samael P. Bates, LL. D.
Of those who have aided in the preparation of the
work, or furnished valuable information, the publishers
desire to mention Hon. Steuben Jenkins, who contrib-
uted the article on post-Columbian Indians and kindly
furnished many facts from the large and valuable store
of unpublished historical matter that he lias collected for
future publications; Hon. William P. Miner, who wrote
the chapter on the coal trade; Doctor C. F. Ingham,
author of the chapter on geology; Hon. Peter M. Oster-
hout, who furnished valuable written and oral informa-
tion; Hon. R. R. Little, who contributed the chapter on
the bench and bar of Wyoming county; Hon. Hendrick
B. Wright, who gave efficient aid and encouragement;
Doctor Horace Hollister, Hon. Edmund L. Dana, Hon.
Harry Hakes, dovernor H. M. Hoyt, the octogenarian
Jameson Harvey, the veteran attorney James A. Gordon,
Allen Secord, Dilton Yarrington. Benjamin Evans, Doc-
tor Nathan Wells, Rev. D. D. Gray, Major John Fassett,
Douglass Smith, Captain James B. Harding, B. F. Dor-
rance. General Edwin S. Osborne, Hon. A. W. Stephens,
N. P. Wilcox, William Green, E. D. Gardner, James
Frenr, Major II. W. Bardwell, Hon-. James M. Pratt,
Edward Jones, D. M. N'oyle, George Simpson, Hon. Pat-
rick Kearney, Hon. John Jermyn, Hon. William H.
Richmond, Dr. S. D. Davis, Rev. Andrew Brydie, Rev.
Father Crane, Rev. A. Griffin, N.- J. Rubinkam, Rev. A.
D. Willifer, Rev. George H. Kirkland, very Rev. John
Firman, Rev. Dr. I,. W. Peck, Cyrus Straw, George
Drum, William Shellhamer, John Carey, Thomas Mc-
Millan, Miss Mary Dale Culver, John Pfouts, J. P. Sal-
mon, Hugh McDonald, John Stokes, David Whitebread,
Francis Yates, William Loveland, Thomas J. Laphy, Cal-
vin Parsons, Hon. George W. Drum, Stephen Drumhel-
ler, Samuel Carey, Mrs. M. L. T. Hartman author of the
histories of Union township and Shickshinny borough),
Hon. James McAsy, David Dale, David Haines. Jacob
Hornbacker, Jacob Kizer, A. P. Gardner, M. D., Deacon
Berry, Harrison Finn, H. S. Cooper, M. D., Miss Sue
A. Neyhart, Chauncey Sherwood, O. A. Smith, Hon.
Henry Love, William A. Shaw, Colonel W. N. Monies,
Lewis Pughe, John T. Howe, E. Merrifield, Hon. J.
E. Barrett, B. H. Throop, Joseph C. Piatt, Wesley John-
son, F. C. Johnson.
The publishers are etiabled to present the steel plate
portrait of Governor Henry M. Hoyt, of Wilkes-Barre,
which appears in this work, through the generous co-op-
eration (as a testimonial of their esteem for Governor
Hoyt) of Hon. Charles Dorrance, Payne Pettebone, Hon.
Charles A. Miner. Allan H. Dickson, T. H. Atherton,
Douglas Smith, Hon. L. D. Shoemaker, George B Kulp,
E. P. Darling, General E. W. Sturdcvant, Hon. E. C.
Wadhams, W. H. Bradley, Benjamin Dilley, J. W. Hol-
lenback, Richard Sharpe, sen., Joseph A. Scranton,
Colonel W. N. Monies, Hon. Lewis Pughe, Major U. G.
Schoonmaker, Major D. S. Bennet, W. L. Paine, Olin F.
Harvey, Oscar J. Harvey, and others of his well-known
fellow citizens of Luzerne and Lackawanna counties,
irrespective of party affiliations.
*^^*=
.U N T Y i
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OUTLINE HISTORY
OF
PENNSYLVANIA.
cH \i'1'i-:r 1
THK DISCOVKRV OK THE UELAWAKK — I'KNNSVLVANl A
ORANTEU TO ANU ORCANlZEl) I'.V Wll I.IAM I'ENN.
Y^llt^ HK lirst discovery of Delaware bay, and ihc
' 'S river which forms a portion of the eastern
boundary of the State of Pennsylvania ap-
pears to have been made by Hendrick Hud-
son, an Englishman in tlie service of the Dutch, in
1609. In August of that year he entered the bay,
and after a short cruise in it left and i)roceeded to
the mouth of the Hudson river, which stream he ascend-
ed as far as Albany.
It is said that Lord Delaware visiteti the bay in ii>io;
hence the name by which it and the river are known. It
was called by the Dutch South river, the Hudson being
termeti by them the North river.
Another Dutch navigator. Captain Mey, visited the
bay in 1614; but Captain, or, as he was termed, skipper
Cornelius Hendrickson first ascended the river as far as
the mouth of the Schuylkill, in 1616.
.\ short lived settlement was made on the east bank of
the Delaware under the auspices of the Dutch West In-
dia Company in 1623, under the direction of Captains
Mey and Tienpont. Another settlement was made on
the bay, farther down, in 1630; but this was soon de-
stroyed by the Indians, whose enmity the colonists had
indiscreetly incurred.
Maryland was granted to Lord Baltimore in 1632, and
the territory on the west side of the Delaware was
claimed by him, and the disputes arising out of this
claim remained unsettled durir.g many years.
In 1638 a settlement was made on the west bank of
the Delaware by a colony of Swedes, under the patron-
age of Queen Christina. This colony was under the
direction of Peter Minuit, a Hollander, who had been a
director in the colony of New Amsterdam. Several
Swedish gcernors followed Minuit in succession; pros-
perous settlements sprang up along the west bank of the
river, and .1 thriving trade was carried on by the Swedes.
They were w, itched with jealousy by the Dutch, who set
up the claim of jurisdiction l)y reason of former occupa-
tion, and instituted intrigues and plans to dispossess the
Swedes. In 1655 a force of seven vessels and six hun-
dred men was sent up the Delaware for that purpose.
The Swedish government had been kept in ignorance of
this expedition, and it was easily successful.
On the restoration of Ch.irles the Second to the throne
of Great Britain, he gr.mied the territory now including
New York and New Jersey, and afterwards that of Del-
aware, to his brother the Duke of \'ork. Th-r latter im-
mediately sent a fore e to fake possession of the country
thus granted. New .\insterdam and Fort Orange on the
Hudson were at once possessed, and rechristened re-
spectively New York, in hcnoi of the Duke of York, and
.Albany. .\ |)ortion of the force was then dispatched to
take possession of the Dutch colonics on the Delaware,
which was ac<:<>in|)lished almost without resistance. This
dis|)ossession of the Dutch by the Hnglish led to a war
between dreat Britain and Holland, at the conclusion of
which the title of the former to these territories was ac-
knowledged by treaty- The Duke of York continued in
possession of this region, undisturbed except by the
.Vlarylanders, who resorted to occasional. acts of violence
in order to assert the claim of Lord Baltimore, until, in
1663, war again broke out betwen Great Britain and
Holland, and Dutch privateers visited the coasts and
plundered the inhabitants; and during that year a Dutt h
scpiadron of vessels arrived an»l repossessed the domin-
ions which had been granted to the Duke of York. These
were lestored by the treaty of Westminster in 1674, and
in the same year, by a new patent, the title of the Duke
of York was confirmed, louring eight years following
these events great changes took place among the propri-
etaries of the region, in the course of which Williaiiv
Penn, by reason of being a trustee of one of these pro-
prietaries and a |>urchase of a portion of the territory,
became ipiile famili.ir with the region, as well as with the
plans for its col'iiii/.ition.
William Penn was the son of Sir William I'enn, an ad-
miral in the royal navy, who at his death left a claim of
«4
10
OUTLINE HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
MSBts.
sixtL'cn thousand iiounds against the government of Great
Britain. Though in early life he was a soldier of some
distinction, he afterwards became a Quaker, and was
several times imprisoned because of his religious faitii.
Having become, as before stated, familiar with the re-
gion on the Delaware, and with the schemes for its colo-
nization, he conceived the plan of founding a colony
there on the broad principles of equ.ility which his faith
taught. Accordingly, in 1680, he petitioned King Charles
the Second for a grant of a tract of land west from the
Delaware river and south from Maryland, in litiuidation
of the claim which he had inherited from his father. Af-
ter ihi discussion and arrangement of the preliminaries
the petition was granted, and a charter signed by the
king in 16S1. Penn at first desired that the province
might be called New \Vales, and wnen objections were
raised against this he suggested Sylvania. To this the
king and his counsellors jjrefixed Penn, for the double
reason that the name would appropriately mean high
woodlands, and that it was the name of a distinguished
admiral, whose memory the king desired to honor. A
royal atldress was at once issued informing the inhabit-
ants that William Penn was the sole proprietor, and that
he was invested with all the necessary governmental
powers. A proclamation was also issued by William
Penn to the people of his province, setting forth the
policy which he intended to adopt in the government of
the colony. .4 deputy was sent in the spring of the
same year, with instructions to institute measures for the
management of affairs and the temporary government of
the province. In autumn of the same year he sent com-
missioners to make treaties with the Indians, and arrange
for future settlement.
South from the jirovince of Pennsylvania, along the
Delaware bay, the Duke of York was still the proprietor
of the country. Foreseeing the possibility of future an-
noyance to the commerce of his [irovince, Penn was de-
sirous of acquiring this territory; and accordingly en-
tered into negotiations with the Duke of York for it, and
in the autumn of 1682 he became the proprietor of the
land by deeds, which, however, conveyed no political
rights. In the autumn of 16S2 Penn visited his ])rovince
in the new world, took formal possession of the territory
along Delaware bay, proceeded up the Delaware and
visited the settlements along that river. During this year
the celebrated treaty between William Penn and the In-
dians was made, it is said by some historians, under a large
elm tree at Shakama.xon. Hy others it is insisted that no
evidence exists of any such treaty at that ])lace; but
that the accounts of it that have passed into history were
drawn largely from the fertile imaginatons of early
writers. Whether a treaty was held there or not, it is
almost certain that during that year treaties were made
between Penn and the Indians, and it is a historical fact
that between the Indians and Quakers perfect faith was
kept. Voltaire said of the treaty which was said to have
been made at Shakumaxon: " It was the only one ever
made between sa\ages and Christians that was not ratified
by an oath, and the only one that was never broken."
The three principal tribes of Indians which then in-
habited Pennsylvania were the Lenni Lenapes, the Min-
goes and the Shawnees. Their relations with the Swedes
had been of a friendly character, and the pacific and kind
jiolicy of Penn and his Quaker colonists toward them
bore fruit in strong contrast with that which the dishonest
and reckless policy of other colonies, and of the United
States government in later times, has brought forth.
The plan of the city of Philadelphia, which had been
laid out by the commissioners that had preceded the pro-
prietor, was revised by him, and the present beautiful and
regular plan adopted, and even the present names given
to the principal streets.
In the latter part of the year 1682 the first legislative
body in the province was convened by the proprietor,
who, though he was vested with all the powers of a pro-
prietary governor, saw fit, in the furtherance of his original
plan, to adopt a purely democratic form of go\ernment.
This body was a general assembly of the peojale, and was
held at the town of Chester, which was first called by
the Swedes Upland. This assembly continued in ses-
sion from the fourth till the seventh of December; during
which time they enacted three laws, one of which was
called the great law of Pennsylvania. It was a code of
laws consisting of between sixty and seventy subiects or
chapters, that had been prepared by the jjroprietor in
England, and it was intended to cover all the exigencies
which were deemed likely to arise in the colony. It se-
cured the most ample religious toleration — to all whose
faith agreed with that of the Friends — and only punished
others by fine and imprisonment; thus exhibiting a marked
contrast with the bigoted and intolerant Puritans in some
of the New England colonies. It guaranteed the rights
and privileges of citizenship to all tax-payers, guarded
]jersonal liberty, secured, as far as possible, by punishing
bribery, the purity of elections, abolished the English
law of primogeniture, discarded the administration of re-
ligious oaths and affixed the penally of perjury to false
affirmation, and established marriage as a civil contract.
Drinking healths, drunkenness, or the encouragement of it,
spreading false news, clamorousness, scolding, railing,
masks, revels,stagc plays,cards and other games of chance,
as well as evil and enticing sports, were forbidden and
made punishable by fine and imprisonment. It is a cu-
rious fact that all these lavifs have cither been super,
seded by others or become obsolete.
The wise, just and generous policy which the propri-
etor adopted in the government of his province rendered
him exceedingly popular, and the tide of immigration set
so strongly toward this province that during the year 1682
as many as twenty-three ships laden with settlers arrived.
During this year the proprietor divided the province
into the three counties of Bucks, Philadelphia and
Chester; and the territory, as it was termed, which he had
acquired from the Duke of York, into Kent, New Castle
and Sussex. In these counties he appointed officers, and
made jjreparations for the election of a representatative
Legislature, consisting of a coimcil of eighteen members,
and an assembly of fifty-four. This Legislature assembled
<^
GERMAN IMMIGRATION— GOVERNMENTAL CHANGES.
at Philadelphia in Jaiuiaiy, 16.S2. One law enacted pro-
vided for the appointment in each county court of three
"peace makers," to hear and determine differences. It
rnay be noted as a matter of curiosity that bills were in-
troduced in this Legislature providing that "only two
sorts of clothes should be worn — one kind for summer
and one for winter;" and another that young men should
be obliged to marry at a certain age.
CHAPTER IL
GERM.\N IMMIGRATIOX — THl- ADMINISTRATIONS OK WII,
LIAM PENN AND SIR WlI.l.lAM KKITH.
' ' S has been before stated, the first settlements in
the province were made by Swedes, who oc-
cupied the country during about half a cen-
^. ^ tury previous to its purchase of William
"^" ^f Penn. In all that time they made little prog-
ress toward developing the resources of the
country. In the language of Watson: "They
seem to have sat down contented in their log and clay
huts, their leather breeches and jerkins and match coats
for their men, and their skin jackets and linsey petticoats
for their women; but no sooner has the genius of Penn
enlisted in the enterprise than we see it speak a city
and commerce into existence. His spirit animated every
part of his colony; and the consequence was that the
tame and unaspiring Swedes soon lost their distinctive
character and existence as a separate nation.
Immigration was largely increased during 1683 and
1684. Settlers came from England, Ireland, Wales, Hol-
land and Germany. Of those from the latter country
many came from Cresheim and founded the village of
Germantown. They were nearly all (Quakers, and the
settlement which they made was the nucleus around
which collected so large a German ])opulation in after
years that Pennsylvania became a German province,
notwithstanding the large immigration from the British
islands at first.
In 1683 and 1684 the controversy with regard to
boundaries was renewed by Lord Baltimore, and the
Marylanders were guilty of some acts of aggression. The
province had come to number some 7,000 inhabitants,
and it was a matter of importance that the boundary dis-
pute should be settled. To accomplish this settlement,
and for other reasons, Penn during 1684 sailed for Eng-
land, after giving to the provincial council the executive
power. Not long after his arrival in England Charles
the Second died, and was succeeded on the throne by
his brother James, Duke of York, between whom and
Penn a strong friendship existed. The proprietary,
therefore, easily obtained a favorable decree. In 1688
a revolution in England dethroned James and placed the
regal power in the hands of William and Mary. This
ehangc destroyed the inlluencc of Penn at the Knglixii
court, and the friendship which had existed between him
and James caused him to be regarded with suspicion.
Slanders were circulalcd and believed concerning him, and
he was even accused of treason and compelled for a time
to go into rctiremenl. In his absence discord and dis-
sensions arose in the provint e, and these were made ih.
pretext for depriving him of his proprietary governnieni
in 1693. He was, however, honorably acc^uitted and ex
onerated from suspicion, and reinstated in his proprictarv
rights in 1694. Dissensions in the province continued,
however, till af'er the return of the proprietary with hi-^
family in 1699 ; and even his presence failed to whollv
restore harmony.
Because of the increasing (Mnvir of the proi-rici-ir)
governments in America, the plan had, since the accession
of William and Mary to the crown, been entertained of
purchasing these governments and converting them into
regal ones. In 1701 a bill for that purpose was intro-
duced in the House of Lords, and Penn revisited Eng-
b.nd for the jnirpose of endeavoring to prevent its pas-
sage. Before his departure a new constitution, which
had been some time under consideration, was adopted,
and a deputy governor and council of State provided for
and appointed. On his arrival the project of purch.ising
the proprietary government was drojiped. In 1701 King
William died, and was succeeded by Queen Anne, who
entertained for Penn a warm friendship Though the
danger of being dispossessed of his proprietary government
was averted, affairs in that government were not more
harmonious. The disaffection on the part of the people in
the lower counties, which he had endeavored to allay,
led to a separation in 1703, and the choice of a distinct
assembly for the territories. Some of the deputy govern-
ors were indiscreet men, and differences between thcni
and the provincial Legislature were constantly arising.
Harrassed by these, and probably disgusted at the in-
gratitude of his subjects, in whose behalf he had in-
curred large pecuniary liabilities, for the collection of
which proceedings were frequently instituted against
him, he finally agreed with the crown for the cession of
his province and the territory granted him by the Duke
of York. He was prevented from legally consummating
this cession by a stroke of ajjoplexy. which rendered liiiii
imbecile.
The Queen died in 17 14, and was succeeded by licorgi
the First. Among the early acts of Parliament in ihi
reign of this King was one extending to the English
colonies a previous act dis(]ualifying Quakers from hold-
ing office, serving on juries, or giving evidence in crimi-
nal cases. Charles Gookin, who had been provincial
governor since 1709, construed this act to be applicable
to the proprietary government, and a disqualification of
the Quakers in the province. I'his construction of the
law of course called forth the indignation and opposition
of the council, the Assembly, and the people, and led U>
the recall of Ciookin in 1717. and the appointment of
Sir William Keith in his stead. The latter was alt'able
and courteous, cunning and crafty, and in all matters of
OUTLINE HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
difference between the crown or pro])rietary, on one
side, and the people on the other, he espovised tlie popu-
lar cause.
William Penn died at the age of seventy-four, in the
summer of 1718. History will ever ]3oint to him as one
who accomplished more for the cause f)f civil and relig-
ious liberty than any other man of his time, and to the
])rovincial government which he founded and adminis-
tered as the first successful experiment in the broadest
lihert)'of conscience whicli liad then been conceived, and
the nearest a])proach to a government of themselves by
the people that had ever been attempted He was the
representative of a despised and proscribed sect; but by
his wise and liberal administration of the government
of his province, in accordance with the principles
of that sect, he did more to bring it to the favorable
notice of the world than could otherwise have been
done.
The American colonies at that time pre.sented a curious
spectacle. Maryland, a colony of Catholics, who were
stigmatized as the most bigoted and intolerant sect in
Christendom, had been established under a constitution
the most liberal and tolerant of all that had been grant-
ed by the government of Great Britain; and Pennsylva-
nia, a province of Quakers, whose tenets were almost the
reverse of the Catholics, had added to this almost uni-
versal tolerance the largest civil liberty that had ever
been enjoyed by a people; while the Puritans of the New
England colonies, who professed to have fled from relig-
ious persecution in England, and to have sought an
nsvlum where each could worship God, the common
I'ather of all, according to the dictates of his own con-
science, in the language of Egle, " excluded from the
benefits of their gcvernment all who were not members
of their church, and piously flagellated dr hanged those
who were not convinced of its infallibility." .-Mmost two
centuries have passed since Penn established his colony
in .-Vmerica, and — except in those governments that are
purely secular, or nearly so, in their character — political
science has developed little that is essential to the wel-
fare and happiness of humanity that was not embodied
in his system.
The estate of William Penn passed at his death to his
family, who inherited both his jjroperty and his proprie-
tary government. He had made a will, previous to his
agreement with Queen Anne, for the sale of his province;
and his agreement was decided to be void because of his
mental incapacity to consummate it. The proprietary gov-
ernment, therefore, devolved on his widow, as executrix
of his will and trustee of his i)roperty during the niinority
of his children, and it has been said of her that she man-
ifested much shrewdness in the appointment of governors
and general management of colonial affairs. It is said by
Day: " The affectionate jjatriarchal relation which had
subsisted between I'enn and his colony ceased with his
death; the interest which his family took in the affairs of
the province was more mercenary in its character, and
looked less to the establishment of great and ]jure princi-
])les of life and government."
The administiation of Sir William Keith was quite suc-
cessful. The favor with which he was regarded by the
people enabled him to promote among them that harmony
which is so essential to prosperity; and the colony was
jir'^sperous. There was a large influx of p'opulation, the
character of which was more cosmopolitin than in former
times. The persecutions of the Quakers in England had
relaxed somewhat, and fewer, relatively, of them sought-
homes here; while people from other regions, and nota-
bly from Germany, came in great numbers. The popu-
larity of Keith was such that he was able to accomplish
two measures that had been looked on with great disfavor
by the assembly — the establishment of a Court of Chan-
cery, of which he was the chancellor; and the organiza-
tion of a militia, of which he was the chief. On the other
hand, by his good offices, "the Quakers, to their great
joy, procured a renewal of the privilege of affirmation in
place of an oath, and of the cherished privilege of wear-
ing the hat whenever and wherever it suited them." He
was deposed in 1726, through the influence of James
Logan, the leader of the proprietary party. Franklin
wrote of him; " If he sought popularity he promoted the
public happiness, and his courage in resisting the de-
mands of the family may be ascribed to a higher motive
than private interest. The conduct of the Assembly to-
ward him was neither honorable nor politic; for his sins,
against his principles were virtues to the people, with
whom he was deservedly a favorite; and the House should
have given him such substantial marks of their gratitude
as would have tempted his successors to walk in his
steps."
Keith's successor was Patrick Gordon. His adminis-
tration continued during ten years, or until his death in
1736. Tranquillity prevailed in the province during this
time; the population, which in 1727 was more than fifty
thousand, received large accessions, especially from Ger-
many; internal improvements were prosecuted, and for-
eign commerce increased largely. Two of the proprie-
taries, John and Thomas Penn, came to the province;
the latter in 1732, the former in 1734. John returned to
England in 1735 on account of the aggressions of the
Marylanders under Lord Baltimore, but Thomas re-
mained in the country eight years longer. The demeanor
of the latter was not such as to endear him to the
people.
The first public library ever established in the province
was projected in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin, and was in-
corporated in 1742. During the two years following the
death of Mr. Gordon the president of the council, James
Logan, was the executive officer of the province. The cele-
brated fraud known as the "Indian walk" took place in
1737. That an unscrupulous Indian trader should be
guilty of thus swindling ignorant savages would be no
matter of surprise; but that the province of Pennsylva-
nia should be a party to such a transaction is almost in-
credible. It is certain that it never would have received
the sanction of William Penn, and it is ecpially certain
that it was the foundation of an enmity that broke out in
open hostility afterwards.
OPENING OF THE FRENCH AMj INDIAN WAR.
'3
CHAPTER UI.
THK QtiKSTIOX OF TiXIVC. Tlir. PUOPKI I; I A !■; V I s I A I 1 :
WARS Willi Mil, I UKNl. H AND INDIANS.
HE proprietaiics in 1738 .Tppointed George
Tliomas governor, and the position was lield
by liiin till 1747. In the war between Great
Britain and Spain which was declared in
39 the .Vssembly did not lake measures to fur-
"i!^ nish the men required, and the governor was com-
pelled to raise tlie quota of the province by his
own exertions. I.n 1744 war broke out between France
and England, and the aspect of Indian affairs in Penn-
sylvania and on its borders became threatening; but the
storm was averted by the good offices of the Iroquois,
who held the Delawares in subjection.
An unhappy condition of affairs existed at that time,
and during some years afterwards, in the ])rovince. The
proprietaries iiad little sym])athy with the ])eoi)le, but as
lliey grew rich by the enhanced value which the activity
and enterprise of these people gave to their estates, they
jirefcrred the pomp and luxury of aristocratic life, and
regarded the jieople with a measure of contempt. Un-
der such circumstances it was not a matter of wonder that
the iK'ople, through their representatives, should not re-
spond with alacrity to the demands of the governors ap-
pointed by these proprietaries. Governor Thomas re-
signed in 1747, and after an administration of two years
by Anthony Palmer, president of the council, James
Hamilton became lieutenant governor in 1749. The
condition of things at that time cannot be better de-
scribed than in the language of Sherman Day:
" An alarming crisis was at hand. The French, now
hovering around the great lakes, sedulously applied
themselves to seduce the Indians from their allegiance to
the English. The Shawnees had already joined them;
the Delawares waited only for an opportunity to revenge
their wrongs, and of the Six Nations the Onondagas,
(\ayugas, and Senecas were wavering. The French were
fortifying the strong points on the Ohio. To keep the
Indians in favor of the colony required much cunning
diplomacy, and expensive presents. In this alarming
juncture the old llame of civil dissension burst out with
increased force. The jjresents lo the Indians, with the
erection of a line of forts along the frontier, and the
r.iaintenancc of a military force, drew heavily on the
l)rovincial purse. The Assembly, the pojjular branch,
urged that the proprietary estates should be taxed as
well as those of humble individuals. The proprietors,
through their deputies, refused, and pleaded prerogative,
charter, and law. The Assembly in turn pleaded eciuity,
common danger, and conmion benefit, requiring a com-
mon expense. The proprietaries offered bounties in lands
yet to be conquered from the Indians, and the privilege
of issuing more paper money ; the Assembly wanted
something more tangible. The Assembly jiassed laws
laying taxes and granting supplies, l)iit annexing con-
ditions. The governors opposed the conditions, but
were willing to aid the Assembly in taxing the people,
but not the proprietaries. Here were the germs of revo-
lution, not fully matured until twenty years later. Dr.
Franklin was now a member and a leader in the Assem-
bly. In the meantime the frontier were left exposed
while these frivolous disputes continued. The picific
principles, too, of the Quakers and Dunkards and Men-
nonists and Schwenckfelders came in to complicate the
strife ; but as the danger increased they jirudently kept
.doof from public office, leaving the management of the
war to sects less scrupulous."
Robert H. Morris, the successor of James Hamilton,
became governor in 1754, and his successor, William
Denny, in 1756. The same want of harmony between
the proprietaries and the people continued during their
administrations, but finally, through the efforts of F'rank-
lin, the royal assent was given to a law taxing the estates
of the projirietaries.
Settlements were made on lands to which tlie Indian
title had not been extinguished, especially by the not
over scrupulous Scotch Irish, and the result was a de-
sultory Indian war, which kept up a very insecure feeling
among the ])eoi)le f( the province.
Such was the condition of the province at the breaking
out of the French and Indian war a few years after the
treaty of .Vix-La-Chapelle, which really was scarcely
more than a temporary suspension of hostilities. It is
well known to every one connected with American his-
tory, that at this time the French attempted to connect
their possessions in Canada and Louisiana by a chain of
military posts extending from Presque Isle, now Erie, to
the navigable waters of the Ohio, and along that river to
the Mississippi. In furtherance of this design they sent,
in 1754, 1,000 men to the confluence of the Allegheny
and Monongahela rivers, where they built Fort Du
Quesne, afterward called, in honor of the great English
statesman. Fort Pitt ; now Pittsburg. Against this was
sent the disastrous expedition of General Braddock, a
minute account of which cannot, for want of space, be
given here. It may briefly be said, that by reason of his
self conceit and obstinacy General Braddock sustained
the most overwhelming defeat that an European army
had ever met in America, and that he was mor
tally wounded in this action. General — then Colonel —
George Washington greatly distinguished himsel in this
battle.
The dispute between the proprietaries and the people
continued, notwithstanding the country was suffering
from the horrors of an Indian war. The proprietaries
insisted on the exemption of their estates from taxation
and the Assembly yielded when the jiubli' safety was in
jeopardy. Several councils were held with the Indians,
and efforts were made through the interposition of the
Six Nations, whose aid the authorities of the province
invoked, to secure peace, with only jiartial success. In
1756 three hundred men under Colonel Armstrong crosset'
14
OUTLINE HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
4
the AlleglR-nies and destroyed the Indian town of Kittan-
ing ; thus inflicting a severe blow on the savages, and
driving them beyond the Allegheny river.
In 1758 a change in the ministry in England was made,
and under William Pitt the war was prosecuted with great
energy. .An e.xpedition consisting of about 9,000 men was
organized and sent against Fort Du Quesne. On the
approach of this army the French burnt the buildings,
evacuated the fort, and blew up the ni.ngazine. It was
rebuilt and named Fort Pitt. This terminated hostilities
in the valley of the Ohio. A series of successes followed
in 1759 and 1760 at the north and west, which terminated
the war, though a feeble effort was made by the French
to retrieve their losses in Canada. The result was the
final extinction of the French dominion in the Canadian
provinces, which was confirmed by the treaty of Fontain-
bleau in 1762. The peace which followed was of short
duration. The Kyasuta and Pontiac war, so called from
the chiefs who planned it, broke out in 1763. Kyasuta
was a Seneca, and Pontiac an Ottawa chief; and the
scheme which they devised, for a war of quick extermin-
ation against the colonists, would have been no discredit
to the ability of educated military chieftains. The sava-
ges had looked with approval on the construction by the
French of a chain of forts from Presque Isle to the Ohio;
for they saw in them a check ujjon the progress westward
of the tide of settlement which threatened to dispossess
them of their broad domains. When they saw these forts
fall into the hands of the colonists, and thus cease to be
a barrier against their aggressions, they became more
alarmed for their own safety; and these wily chiefs con-
ceived the project of attacking and overpowering the
different defenses on the frontier simultaneously, and
then rushing upon and exterminating the defenseless in-
habitants in the settlements, and thus, by the terror
which they inspired, preventing future encroachments.
The time of harvest was chosen for this attack, and the
plan was laid with such secrecy that the first intimation
of it was the appalling war whoop with which it was com-
menced. So nearly successful were the savages that eight
of the eleven forts attacked on the western frontier were
taken. Scalping parties overran the frontier settlements
of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, and the terror
stricken inhabitants fled before them. Fort Pitt was in-
vested, after the Indian fashion, during about three
months, but was relieved by a force under Colonel Bo-
quet. About thirty of the settlers in the Wyoming valley
weie killed by the Delawares, in revenge for the murder
of Teedyuscung by a party of Iroquois, the latter having
persuaded the Delawares that the murder was committed
by the whites. Although there were, after the first erup-
tion of hostilities, no large organized bands of hostile
Indians, thefrontier settlements were continually harassed
by small parties, who came upon them stealthily and mur-
dered the inhabitants without pity. The protection af-
forded by the authorities in the province against these
marauding parties was insufficient. The pacific disposi-
tion of the (Quakers, who controlled the government, was
su'h as to call forth the remark that they were " more
solicitous for the welfare of the bloodthirsty Indian than
for the lives of the frontiersmen." Parkman says of them:
" They seemed resolved that they would neither defend
the people of the frontier nor allow them to defend them-
selves; and vehemently inveighed against all expeditions
to cut off the Indian marauders. Their' security was
owing to their local situation, being confined to the east-
ern part of the province."
John Penn, a grandson of the founder of the province,
came to Pennsylvania in 1763 in the capacity of lieuten-
ant-governor. His father and his uncle were then the
proprietors and resided in England. The Penn family
had all ceased to be Quakers, and had no conscientious
scruples against defensive or aggressive war. General
Gage had become commander of the military forces of
the province, and Governor Penn vigorously seconded
his efforts. He even, in 1764, offered by proclamation
the following bounties for scalps, Indians, etc.: "For
every male above the age of ten years captured, §150;
scalped, being killed, $134; for every female Indian-
enemy, and every male under the age of ten years, cap-
tured, $130; for every female abox'e the age of ten years
scalped, being killed, $50."
The apathy which was manifested by the Assembly in
1763, and the insecure condition of- the settlers toward
the frontier, led to the formation of an independent or-
ganization known as the Paxtang Boys or Paxtang Ran-
gers; so named because they were mostly inhabitants of
Paxtang, or Paxton, and Donnegal, in Lancaster county.
Such was the feeling of insecurity in advanced settlements
that men were compelled to keep their rifles at their sides
while at work in their fields, and even while attending
divine worship. These rangers, by their vigilance and
activity, and by the severe punishments which they in-
flicted on the savages, became in turn a terror to them.
They were mostly composed of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians,
between whom and the Quakers no very friendly feeling
existed. The latter strongly censured what they termed
the barbarities of the rangers; and fierce dissensions arose
between them. The Paxtang men finally fell upon a
small tribe of Indians at Conestoga, in Lancaster county,
and put many of them to death, because, as they alleged,
they had discovered that these Indians, while professing
friendliness, were secretly harboring their hostile breth-
ren, and furnishing them with information and supplies
of ammunition, etc. They also insisted that the Christian
or Moravian Indians were guilty of the same treachery,
and the latter were compelled to flee to Philadelphia to
avoid their vengeance. These acts of the rangers called
forth the still more vehement protests of the Quakers, and
even at the present day historians are not agreed as to
whether or not their action was justifiable. None of them
were ever convicted in the courts of the province.
In 1764 General Gage instituted measures to drive the
Indians from the frontiers by carrying the war into their
country. He sent a corps under Colonel Bradstreet to
act against the Wyandots, Chippewas and Ottawas, in
the vicinity of the upper lakes; and another,under Colonel
Boquet,to go to the Muskingum and attack the Delawares.
^^
"W*
MASON AND DIXONS LINE— CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTlliN.
'5
Shawnees, and other nations between the Ohio and the
lakes. Tliis viijorous action had the desired effect.
Peace was established, and many of the captives who
had been taken were restored.
ch.\pti:r IV.
M.\SON AND DIXONS LINE CAUSES OF THE REVOLU-
TION PATRIOTIC ACIION OK PhNNSVLV AN I A.
il^RlNO the ten years between 1765 and 1775
two questions of boundary were settled.
One, tl)at of the line between Pennsylvania
,,_c>,^ ''^^ and Maryland, had long been in dispute, and
^qp^/^ several fruitless negotiations had been entered
^v'W into for its settlement. In 1763 Thomas and
''•^ Richard Penn and Frederick Lord Baltimore en-
tered into an arrangement for the establishment of this
line, and commissioned Charles Mason and Jeremiah
Di.xon to survey and mark it. This work they completed
in 1767, having surveyed and marked with milestones of
oolite brought from England) the southern boundary of
Pennsylvania, e.xcept about twenty-two miles at its western
end, where they were prevented by the Indian propri-
etors. Thus originated the celebrated "Mason and
Di.xon's line." The other boundary question was raised
by Lord Dunmore, of Virginia, who claimed the territory
that now includes the counties of Fayette, Greene and
Washington, and even a portion of Allegheny. He en-
couraged settlers to take from Virginia the titles to their
lands there, and even sent an agent to take possession of
Fort Pitt, when it was evacuated by Oeneral Gage. The
settlers were a bad class of men; and by reason of the
lawless acts of some of them, especially two named
Cresap and Greathouse, a frontier Indian war occurred.
The Virginia claim was prom[)tly repelled.
At the conclus;on of the Indian war of 1763 and 1764
the old controversy concerning the taxation of the pro-
prietary estates was revived, and Dr. Franklin at once be-
came the champion of the popular cause in the Assembly.
That body became so indignant at the conduct of the
governor that they resolved to petition the King to pur-
chase the pro]irietary jurisdiction, and place the province
in direct relation with tlie crown. " Here," says Day,
" was a most important step toward the Revolution. To
break down the feudal power, and bring the people and
the crown in direct communication, is, in all countries, the
first great step toward ])opular freedom, and |)repares the
way for the next step — the direct conllict between the
crown and the people. It so hajipened. however, that
in this case the avarice of the British ministry outran the
anti-feudal propensities of the i)eople. and brought the
colonies at once to the last great struggle between the
people and the crown." Dr. Franklin was sent by the
province to London to urge before the ministry the meas-
ure of relief from the jiroprielary dominion; but on his
arrival he found that the conflict was with the very power
the protection of which he had come to invoke
The w.irs which had raged in the coloni s, and in
which the home government had assisted, had called the
attention of the ministry to the rjpidly increasing wealth
of those colonies. The plan was conceived of making th.it
wealth available to the mother country, for the double pur-
pose of re|)Ienishing her exhausted treasury and securing
the exclusive control of the colonial trade. The accom-
plishment of this double object involved the (jueslion o.'
taxation without consent and without representation in the
legislative body imposing the lax. This was the point on
which the American Revolution turned. Parliament in-
sisted on its right to tax any part of the British domin-
ions, and the colonies held that they were not safe if
they might thus be despoiled of their property without
their consent, and by a ])arlianient in which they were
not represented. In view of this momentous question
the contentions with the projjtietaries were forgotten.
In 1 764 an act was ))assed imposing duties on certain
articles not produced in his majesty's dominions. This
was followed the next year by the odious stamp at:t,
which declared instruments of writing void if not written
on stamped |)aper on which a duty was paid. This was
resisted and the pa[)er refused in the colonies, and the
determination was formeil by the colonies to establish
manufactories, to the end that they might not be depend-
ent on the mother country. By reason of the conse<iueni
clamors of I-Lnglish manufacturers, and the impossibility
of executing the law without a resort to force, the slam|)
act was re])ealed; but the repeal was coupled with a
declaration of the absolute power of parliament over the
colonies.
The next offensive act was the imposition of duties on
goods imiiorted from Great Britain; but this was resisted
by the colonists, who would accede to nothing which in-
volved taxation without consent. A circular was ad-
dressed by Massachusetts to her sister colonies recapitu-
lating their grievances, and the arguments against the op-
pressive acts. Governor I'enn was ordered by the colonial
secretary in London to urge upon the Assembly a disre-
gard of this, and, in c<ise this advice was not heeded, to
prorogue it. T'he Assembly asserted, by resolution, its
right to sit at its own ))leasure, and to consult with the
other colonies concerning matters pertaining to the wel-
fare of all; and it gave a cordial assent to the recom-
mendation by Virginia for a concert of action in order to
peacefully obtain a redress of their grievances. The
impost was reduced in 1769, and in 1770 abolished, ex-
cept that on tea, which was continued at three pence per
|)Ound. The colonists, however, were opposed to the
principle on which the tax was based, and not to its
amount, and their resistance to the importation of taxed
goods was concentrated on the tea tax. In Pennsylvania
one chest was imported and the duty i)aid; but generally
the non-importation policy prevailed. Under these cir-
stances the ideal right' of taxation was asserted and no
collision was provoked. In order to make a practical
T
-*^='=
<h
i6
OUTLINE HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
*A=
application of this right, however, the East India Com-
pany was encouraged by parliament to send a consign-
ment of tea to each of the principal ports in the colonies,
to be disposed of by the agents appointed by the com-
pany, and thus to force it on the people. The colonists
in all the provinces were indignant at this insidious at-
tempt.
" The course of Pennsylvania was from the first firm, but
temperate. A meeting at Philadelphia passed resolutions
denouncing the duty on tea as a tax without their con-
sent, laid for the express purpose of estabJishing the
right to tax; and asserting that this method of provid-
ing a revenue for the support of government, the admin-
istration of justice and defense of the colonies, had a
direct tendency to render assemblies useless and to in-
troduce arbitrary government and slavery; and that
steady opposition to tnis plan was necessary to preserve
even the shadow of liberty. They denounced all who
should aid in landing or selling the tea as enemies to their
country, and enjoined the consignees to resign their ap-
pointment." Lender such a pressure the con.-ignees de-
clined to receive it. In Charleston it was landed in a
damp warehouse and permitted to rot. At New York a
vigilance cfimmittee forbade the pilots to bring the vessel
having the tea on board into the harbor, and escorted a
captain who attempted to bring in some as a private ven-
ture out of the harbor, after airing and watering his tea.
At Boston the vessel having the tea on board was boarded
by a party of men disguised as Indians, and the tea thrown
overboard. In consequence of these proceedings meas-
ures were adopted by the British government to coerce
submission on the part of the colonists. Upon Massa-
chusetts, which had manifested the most violent opposi-
tion, the vials of British wrath were most freely poured
out. In 1774 the act known as the Boston port bill, by
which the port of Boston was closed and the custom-
house removed to Salem, was passed. This was soon
followed by an act vesting the appointment of colonial
officers in the crown; by another, authorizing the extra-
dition for trial of persons charged with capital offences;
and by still another, for quartering soldiers on the inhab-
itants. All the colonies sympathized and made common
cause with Boston and Massachusetts, though in each
colony there were some people who sympathized with the
crown. These were termed tories, while the advocates
of colonial rights were called whigs — names by which the
two parties were known through the Revolution.
The province of Pennsylvania did not waver at this
juncture in its adhesion to the colonial cause. On being
requested to convene the Assembly (iovernor Penn of
course declined, and a meeting consisting of about eight
thousand people was held, at which a general colonial
congress was recommended and a committee of corres-
pondence appointed. Subse piently a convention of del-
egates from all the counties in the province assembled, at
which a series of temperate but lirm and patriotic resolu-
tions were adopted, asserting both their loyalty and their
rights, and reiterating the recommendation for a general
congress. The convention also adopted instructions to
the Assembly that was about to convene. These were
written by John Dickinson, one of the foremost patriots
in the province. The following extracts are quoted to
show the animus of these patriots:
" Honor, justice and humanity call upon us to hold
and transmit to our posterity that liberty which we re-
ceived from our ancestors. It is not our duty to leave
wealth to our children, but it is our duty to leave liberty
to them. No infamy, iniquity or cruelty can exceed our
own if we, born and educated in a country of freedom,
entitled to its blessings and knowing their value, pusilla;i-
imously deserting the post assigned us by Divine Provi-
dence, surrender succeeding generations to a condition
of wretchedness from which no human efforts, in all
probability, will be sufficient to extricate them; the expe-
rience of all States mournfully demonstrating to us that
when arbitrary power has been established over them
even the wisest and bravest nations that have ever flour-
ished have in a few years degenerated into abject and
wretched vassals. * * " To us, therefore, it aijpears
at this alarming period our duty toour God, our countr\',
to ourselves and to our jiosterity, to exert our utmost
ability in promoting and establishing harmony between
Great Britain and these colonies, on a constitutional
foundation." "Thus," says Sherman Day, "with loyalty
on their lips, but with the spirit of resistance in
their hearts, did these patriots push forward the Re\o-
lution."
The Assembly appointed delegates to the Congress,
which met in September at Philadelphia. This Congress
adopted resolutions approving of the resistance of the
people of Massachusetts, and took measures to prohibit
imports from or exports to Great Britain, unless griev-
ances were redressed. It also adopted a declaration of
rights and enumeration of grievances, an address to the
people of Great Britain, another to the people of British
America and a /<?\'a/ address to the crown. It also adopted
articles of confederation, which act may rightly be con-
sidered the beginning of the American Union.
A bill was adopted by parliament prohibiting the people
of the provinces from fishing on the banks of Newfound-
land, and at about the same time an ingeniously framed
act, which made apparent concessions, but retained the
doctrine against which the colonies contended, and which
was intended to divide them. Pennsylvania was the first
colony to which this proposition was presented, and the
Assembly, to whom it was presented by Governor Penn,
promptly rejected it; declaring that they desired no ben-
efits for themselves the acceptance of which might injure
the common cause, " and which by a generous rejection
for the jjresent might be finally secured for all."
Another provincial convention was held in Philadelphia
in January, 1775, at which reLolutions were adopted rec-
ommending the strict enforcement of the non-importation
pledge, and the production and manufacture of every
thing retpiired for the use of the inhabitants; enumerating
many of the articles to be produced or manufactured, in-
cluding gunpowder, which was said to be necessary for
the Indian trade.
END UF THE I'RUl'KlETAKV GOVERNMrAT— F \ K I \' U E\< "M IK iNARV EXI'NTS
'7
CHAl'TKR V
Kl-VOI.UTION IN IIIK rROVINCIAI. (UIVF.RN'MF.NT PKNN-
SVl.VANIA A SIAIK BATTIKS OK I 776 AM) 1777
INDIAN WARKARK.
N 1775 hostilities roininciKod, 'I'lic battles dI
Lexington and Hunker Hill were fought, and
a r.ritish arni\- invatltd the country. Con-
gress met and organized an army, at the head
of which (ieneral Washington was placed. At
■* the same time that it tints provided for the i)ul)-
lic defense, it adojitcd a " humble and dutiful peti-
tion to the King," which was presented but to which they
were informed no answer would be given. .\ military
association, having branches in each county, was formed,
with a full code of rules for its government. The As-
sembly met and made proxision for raising four thousand
three hundred troops — the ((uota of the province. In
view of the troublesome position which the Quakers oc-
cupied, the Assembly enacted that all able-bodied men
who refused to bear arms ministers and jnirchased ser-
vants excepted should contrib\ite an equivalent for the
time and expense of others in acquiring the necessary
discipline.
A committee of safety was appointed which assumed
executive functions. A provincial navy was equipped,
and measures were taken to jjrotect Philadelphia against
any naval force ascending the Delaware river. Later a
continental navy was established.
The Continental Congress during its session of May,
1775, recommended to those colonies where no govern-
ment sufficient to meet the exigencies of the times ex-
isted, to adopt such governments. It was determined by
the whigs, in pursuance of this resolution, to throw off
the proprietary government, by which they were hain-
pered. The conservatives and tories opposed this, but
the times were revolutionary and the whigs prevailed. It
was resolved that the new government should emanate
from the people, and that the Assembly, the members of
which were shackled by their oaths of allegiance to the
crown, should have no voice in its formation. A convention
consisting of delegates from all the counties, for the
formation of a new constitution, was called, through the
committee of conference and observation of Philadelphia.
In the choice of delegates to this convention no one was
jiermitted to vote who refused to abjure all allegiance to
the King of (ireat Hritain, or who was suspected of being
an enemy to American liberty.
The Declaration of Independence was .idopted July
4th, 1776, and this convention assembled on the 15th of
tl.e same month. It not only entered on the task of
forming a constitution, but assumed legislative powers and
aiijwinted delegates to Congress. It may here be re-
marked that such of these delegates as had not already
done so affixeil their signnfures to the Dcclnraiinn of In-
dependence.
1 he work of llui omriitiiin wn-, ( onipletedon I lit- i.Sih of
Seplember, and the new-formed constitutioncoinniiitcd to
the keeping of the coun<ilfif s.ifely until the first mccling
of the (leneral Assembly of the Slate The provincial
Assembly met on the J3dof the same month, nndi|tiielly
expired, with a feeble denunciation on its lips of the as-
sumed legislative power of the convention. Thus, nt
about the same lime, the proprietary government in
Pennsylvania ceased by the action of the people in the
province, and the colonies cast off iheir .illcL'i.mi c lo the
crown of Great Hritain.
The jioiiulalion of Pennsylvania was about 300,000 at
the time when it became a St.ile and assumed its position
among its sister States in the .\merican Ifnion. The
Declaration of Inde|)cnden<e had been made, but that
independence was to be maintained ; and, as subse-
quently proved, by the sacrifice of many lives and the
expenditure of much treasure.
The limits of this sketch will not |>crmit a detail of
Revolutionary events that occurred beyond the boundaries
of the State, though many of those events were im-
portant factors in the history of the Slate at that time,
and of the events of whic h Pennsylvania was the theatre
little more than a brief mention can be made.
December, 1776, found General Washington on the
west bank of the Delaware near Trenton. He had
crossed New Jersey before the advan< ing army of Gen-
eral Howe, who was ]>osted on the opposite side of the
ri\ er, waiting for the formation of ice on which to cross,
that he might move on Philadelphia. General Washing-
ton had secured all the boats on the river, -and on the
night of the 25th of December he recrossed the river
with 2,400 men and twenty pieces of artillery, attacked
the Hessians in Trenton and defeated them, capturing six
cannon and 900 prisoners, with whom he again crossed
into Pennsylvania. The loss of the .\mericans in this
action was two soldiers killed and two who jierished by
cold. General Washington at once returned to Trenton,
where he was joined by about 3,600 Pennsylvania militi.i
under Generals Mifllin and Cadwalladcr. The battle of
Princeton was fought soon afterward, and the army went
into winter'ipiarters at Morristown. New Jersey. The next
summer, after some manoeuvring in New Jersey, eviden
ly for the purpose of drawing General Washington 'om
his position. General Howe embarked his forces at New
York, intending to attack Philadeljjhia by way of the
Delaware river. After entering Delaware bay he re
turned to the ocean, sailed up the Chesapeake bay and
landed near the head of Elk river. On the sailing of the
British army from New York General Washington moved
his army into Pennsylvania, and encamped near German-
town to watch the development of General Howe's plans.
General La Fayette joined General Washington at that
time, and shared with him the hardships and privations
of the camp.
The army of General Howe advanced toward Phila
delphia and was met by that of General Washington at
\J^^
OUTLINE HISTORY OF TENNSYLVANIA.
the Brandywine, whtre :i battle was fought the nth of
September, and tlie American forces suffered a defeat
and retired to Gerniantown. Wasliington soon afterward
crossed the Schuylkill and ])repared for battle again, hut
a heavy rain storm prexented the a( tion. Oeneral Howe
entered Philadelphia with a portion of his army, and the
balance encamjied at Germantown. Upon this force
Washington made an unsuccessful attack while a portion
of it was assisting the liritish shipping to effect a passage
through the Delaware river. This was early in October.
On the 22nd of the same month an attack was made on
Forts Mifflin and Mercer, which commanded the Dela-
ware oijposite the mouth of the Schuylkill. After an
obstinate resistance the garrison of these forts was com-
pelled to evacuate them. In this affair the enemy lost
two ships by reason of the effective service of the Penn-
sylvania State fleet. After the surrender of General Bur-
goyne at Saratoga the army of Washington was reinforced
by that of Genera' Gates, and it encam])ed in a strong
position at Whitemarsh. From this position the British
commander endeavored to draw General Washington,
but without success. The American army finally went
into winter quarters at Valley Forge, a place which will
e\er be noted as the scene of the most intense suffering
which the Revolutionary patriots were called on to en-
dure during their struggle for independence. While they
were shivering barefooted and half naked in their huts at
this place, the British soldiers were snugly quartered and
well fed and their officers feted and feasted by the tories
in Philadelphia.
In the spring of 1778 an attempt was made by the Eng-
lish government through commissioners to effect a recon-
ciliation. Whether or not an honorable reconciliation
was desired may be judged by the fact that they offered
Joseph Reed, one of the delegates in Congress from
Pennsylvania, ^10,000 and the best office in thecolonies
to aid them in their puri)oses. His reply should be re-
membered: — " I am not worth purchasing, but such as I
am the King of Great Britain is not rich enough to do
it."
It was in the spring of 17 78 that France entered into a
treaty with the Americans, and sent four frigates and
twelve ships to the Delaware. In consequence of this
Sir Henry Clinton, who had succeeded Lord Howe in
command of the British army, decided to evacuate Phil-
adelphia, which he did, marching his forcts across New
lersey toward New York. Washington pursued, and
engaged the enemy at Monmouth and compelled them to
give way. Philadelphia again became the capital in the
latter jjart of June, 1778. Some trials were had for high
treason, and several of those convicted were executed,
greatly to the alarm of the tories and Quakers. They
had been emboldened by the temporary success of the
British arms, and these examples seemed necessary to
inspire them with terror and prevent future treasonable
acts, as well as to appease the \engeance of the whigs
who had suffered at their hands.
By the evacuation of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ceased
to be the theatre of important warlike events. The Eng-
lish government had, however, induced the Indians of
the Iroquois nations in New York and those of the terri-
tory west from Pennsylvania to engage in hostilities
against the people of the struggling States. This warfare
was waged in accordance with their "known rule." In-
cursions were made, defenseless settlements attacked, and
people " of every age, sex and condition " were ruth-
lessly murdered. The settlements in many regions were
left un]irotected, because nearly all the men capable of
bearing arms had responded to their country's call and
joined the Revolutionary army. In 1777 the northern
frontier of New York was the scene of many of these sav-
age irru]jtions, and the frontier settlements of these .'^*",iC3
were scarcely troubled by marauding parties. They
doubtless enjoyed this immunity because of the proxim-
ity of troops, nliich could be quickly sent to protect these
settlements. In i 778 the storm of Indian warfare burst
on them. A descent was made on the \Vyoming valley
by a force of British, tories and Indians, commanded by
Colonel John Butler. Many of the inhabitants were
cruelly massacred and the valley was devastated. A de-
scent was also made on the west branch of the Susque-
hanna by a force of Indians, tories and British, under Col-
onel MacDonald. The frontier settlements in Westmore-
land county also were ravaged by scalping parties. A force
under General Mcintosh was sent to protect the western
frontier, which was done by the erection of forts and by
expeditions into the country of the hostile savages.
The Indian villages at Wyalusing, Sheseqiiin and
Tioga were destroyed by a small force under Colonel
Hartley. In order to punish the most audacious of
these savages, and prevent, if possible, futuie depreda-
tions by them, General Sullivan was sent with a sufficient
force in the summer of 1779 up the Susquehanna into
the Genesee valley, the heart of the country of the
Senecas — the most powerful and warlike nation of the
Iioquois — with orders " to cut off their settlements, de-
stroy their crops, and inflict on them every other mischief
that time and circumstances would permit." This work
was thoroughly accomplished. A battle was fought on
the Chemung river at Newtown (Elmira), in which the
Indians, under the celebrated Mohawk chief Brant, and
the tories, under Colonel John Butler, were routed. The
valley of the Genesee was devastated, forty towns were
burned, orchards were cut down, corn fields were ravaged,
and one hundred and sixty thousand bushels of corn de-
stroyed. From this blow the warlike Senecas never re-
covered. Though marauding parties continued to go
forth, they were not afterward able to send out any large
force.
Colonel Brodhead, at about the same time, went on an
expedition against the Indians on the west branch of the
Allegheny and destroyed the crops and villages there,
and cut off a jiarty of forty who had started on an ex-
pedition to the frontier of Westmoreland county.
T"-
t
"1"
LATER REVOLl TIOXARV HVENTS— TRANSACTIONS Willi llIK INDIANS.
i<)
CHAPTER VI.
LATKR K.VF.NTS OF THE REVOLUTION — WAK WITH INK
W KSTKk N I N Dl A NS CONSTIT I' IION A I. C II A .V( i KS.
I'RlNCi the year 17S0 nuicli dirticully was ex-
perienced on account of the depreciation of
the paper currency, which the exigencies of
f<--i>i the war had made it necessary to issue. Ef-
'^ forts were made by the Assembly to relieve the
.State from this embarrassment, with only partial
success. In 1781, in accordance with a plan of
Robert Morris, who justly earned the title of " the
financier of the Revolution," the Bank of North America
was chartered by Congress, and charters were also granted
to it by Pennsvlvania and Massachusetts. The effect of
this measure was immediately beneficial to the com-
mercial and financial interests of the country. The
Pennsylvania charter was revoked by the Legislature in
1785, but was restored in 1787.
During 1780 the Legislature enacted a law reorganizing
the militia system of the State, in order that any sudden
emergency might be promptly met. In view of the exi-
gencies of the times authority was vested in the execu-
tive to declare martial law during the recess of the As-
sembly, so far as should be necessary under circumstances
that might arise. It was resolved, also, that in extraor-
dinary efforts that were found necessary to obtain sup-
plies, discrimination might be made between the friends
of the country and those who liad shown themselves to
be otherwise. To guard against spies, authority was
given to arrest all suspicious [)ersons and prevent the ad-
mission of strangers indiscriminately. Tiie horses and
other property of domestic enemies were seized, and tiie
houses of Quakers were searched for arms.
The entrance into New Jersey of the British army
under Sir Henry Clinton was the cause of great alarm,
but this army did not advance on Philadelphia. Soon
afterward four thousand of tiie militi.i were ordered out
to assist in a projected attack on New York, but by rea-
son of the non-arrival of the French troops the project
was abandoned, and the militia force, which had its ren-
dezvous at Trenton, was disbanded.
The treason of Benedict .Arnold occurred in the
autumn of 1780. While in command at Philadeljihia in
1778 Cieneral .\rnold became allied by marriage with a
distinguished tory family in that city, and the intimacy
with British officers into which this relation threw him,
together with the sting which his sensitive nature received
by being court-martialed for some irregularity, may have
led him to his fatal error. Soon after the receipt of the
news of his treason in Philadelphia, his effigy was paraded
through the streets and hanged, his wife was ordered to
leave the city within fourteen days, and his estate was
confiscated. Still more rigorous proceedings were insti-
tuted against the tories and Quakers, one of whom was
convicted of high treason and hanged.
In January, 1781, a revolt occurred among the Penn-
sylvania troops, who were in winter <)iiarters at Morris-
town, under command of fleneral Wayne. About thir-
teen hundred of the disaffcited left the camp and cslab
lished their quarters at Princeton. The causes of this
mutiny were depreciation of the currency in which the
men were paid, arrearages of pay and suffering for want
of money and clothing, and the retention in the service
of some beyond the terms of their enlistment. There
was nothing treasonable in their revolt. On the contrary,
I wo emissaries who were sent to them with large offers
from the commander of the British forces were seized,
delivered to General Wayne, tried as spies, convicted and
executed. .Vn investigation was instituteci by (leneral
Wayne and President Reed, their grievances were re-
dressed, and they returned to their duty.
In the spring of 17S1 the Pennsylvania troops under
General Wayne joined the force of La Fayette, and
marched to join the force of General Greene. Fearing
an attack upon Philadelphia by the troops from New
York, Congress recommended the calling out of three
thousand militia. They were ordered to rendezvous at
Newtown, in Bucks county, where they remained till the
departure of the British troops from New York for the
relief of Cornwallis allayed all fear for the safety of
Philadelphia, when they were disbanded.
In October, 1781, the army of Cornwallis surrendered
at Yorktown, thus virtually ending the war of the Revo-
lution. Pending the negotiation of a treaty of peace,
which was signed November 30th, 1781, the Assembly of
Pennsylvania unanimously adopted a resolution disap-
proving of a reunion with Great Britain on any terms;
against the conclusion of a treaty of peace with England
without the con<urrence of France, and against the re-
vival of the proprietary family privileges. Such had been
the bitter experience of the people of I'ennsylvania under
the proprietary government and the British yoke that
they were determined to guard against everything that
could lead to a recurrence of that experience.
.Although the chartered boundaries of Pennsylvani.i
were settled before the termination of the Revolutionary
war, the Indian title to all the territory within those
limits had not been extinguished. Purchases from the
Indians had been made in 1736 and previously, in 1749,
in 175S and in 1768. These amounted to about two-
thirds of the chartered territory. The balance, lying in
the northwest part of the State, was purchased from the
Iro(|uois at the treaty of Fort Stanwix in October, 1784,
and the purchase was confirmed by the' Delawares and
Wyandots at Fort Mcintosh in January, 1785. Not-
withstanding this purchase the Uclawares and Wyandots
kept up a barbarous warfare against the settlers, and in
addition to the expeditions that had been sent against
them, among which was that of the ill fated Crawford in
1782, Harmar in 1791 and Wayne from 1792 to 1795
conducted campaigns against them. The last in August,
1795, concluded a treaty with them which terminated
hostilities. " Besides these ex|)editions," says Sherman
Day, " there was an undercurrent of partisan hostilities
*^^
^
OUTLINE HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
constantly maintained oetween the white savaj^es on the
frontier and the red, in which it was difficult to say on
which side was exhibited the greatest atrocity."
It has been said that a State constitution was ado])ted
in 1776 to supersede the proprietary government, I'nder
this constitution an assembly elcc led annually was the
legislat've department; a council of twelve ])ersons was
chosen .or .hree years and by joint ballot of the assem-
bly and council a president was elected, which consti-
tuted the executive department. It also jirovided for
the choice septennially of a council of censors to revise
the doings of the Legislature and the executive, pass cen-
sures, recommend repeals, etc- This constitution was
defective, though an improvement on the proprietary
government.
In December, 1779, the royal charter was annulled by
an act of Assembly, and the proprietaries were granted
_;^i30,ooo sterling to compensate them for their lost
privileges, they retaining their real estate and rents. In
1780 the act for the gradual extinction of slavery was
passed. In recommending this action the executive
council said: "Honored will that State be in the annals
of mankind which shall first abolish this violation of tlie
rights of mankind. '
In 1787 the convention which framed the constitution
of the United States sat in Philadelphia. It concluded
its labors on the 18th of September, and on the 12th of
the following December a convention called for the pur-
pose by the Assembly ratified it, thus placing Pennsyl-
vania first on the list of States which adojited it. After
the adoption of the federal constitution the defects of
the State constitution of 1776 were more than ever be-
fore apparent. Chief Justice McKean had said of it;
" The balance of i:he one, the few and the many is not well
poised in ;he State; the Legislature is too powerful for
the executive and judicial branches. We have now but
one branch; we must have another branch, a negative in
the executive, stability in our laws and jiernianency in
the magistracy before we shall be reputable, safe and
happy."
In accordance with a resolution of the Assembly, dele-
gates were chosen at the October election in 1789 to
frame a new constitution. They assembled in November
01 the same yeaij and after a long session completed
their labors, and the constitution which they formed was
adopted in September, 1790.
In chr: the general plan of the Federal constitution
was followed. Thv, executive department was vested in
a governor, elected by 'he people; the legislative in a
Senate and Assemljly, while the judicial system was not
greatly changed, except that the tenure of office of the
judges of the higher courts was during good behavior in-
stead of seven years, as before. The supreme executive
council and the council of censors were of course abol-
ished.
In 1837 the constitution was revised by a convention
assembled for that purpose, and the changes which were
recommended were adopted the next year. Among these
were alterations in the tenure of offices, an abridgment
of the powers of the Legislature, the taking away of
nearly all executive patronage and an extension of the
elective franchise.
Another revision of the constitution was made by a
convention for that purpose in 1873, and the amended
constitution was adopted the same year. This constitu-
tion abolished special legislation, changed the time of
annual elections, altered the tenure of the judiciary, mod-
ified the pardoning power, provided for minority repre-
sentation, for biennial sessions of the Legislature, for an
increase in the number of both branches of the Legisla-
ture, and made other imjjortant changes.
In 1794 an attempt was made to lay out a town where
the city of Erie — then called Pres(iue Isle, from the penin-
sula whicl; shelters the excellent harbor at that point —
now stands. The small triangle necessary to secure this
harbor was purchased from the Indians in 1789, and from
the United States in 1792. Resistance to this settlement
by the Seneca Indians was apprehended, by reason of a
misunderstanding on the part of the latter, and the mat-
ter was postponed to the next year, by which time mat-
ters were arranged with them. The western tribes were
at that time hostile.
CHAPTER Vn.
THE 1'ENN.\.\11TE WAR WHISKEY INSURRECTION MOLLY
M.^C.UIKK " OUTRAC.KS THE RIOTS OF 1877.
\.'W, Mup-'H.AT has always been known as the Penna
Hf.
"1 mite war, arose out of the conflicting
_;,j claims of the colonies of Connecticut and
Pennsvlvania to the territory included be-
1^0} <j u tween the forty-first and forty-second
jjjwp' parallels of latitude — now in this State,
fei^ In 1662 King Charles the Second confirmed to
the colony of Connecticut the title which it had previous-
ly acquired to this territory; and in 1681 the same
monarch granted a portion of the same territory to Wil-
liam Penn. In 1762 settlers from New England took
])Ossession of lands in the Wyoming valley, and during
that and the succeeding year made some improvements
there; but in the autumn of 1763 they were driven away
by the Indians.
They returned in 1769, but about the same time par-
ties claiming titles under the Pennsylvania grant took
possession of a jjortion of the same territory. An attempt
was made by the Connecticut settlers to forcibly eject
these, and thus was inaugurated a contest and a series of
conflicts, which, though they were suspended during the
Revolutionary war, were renewed afterward, and were
not finally settled till about the year 1800.
What has usually been termed the whiskey insurrec-
tion assumed somewhat formidable proportions in 1794.
In 1684, 1738, 1744, 1772 and 17S0 duties had been
^h
'~4i
f*
WHISKEY INSURRKCTION-MOI.MK M AGllRES-THE GREAT STRIKE OK .877.
imposed on domestic spirits liy the Asseml>ly cl tin-
])rovince, but after a time the acts imposing these
duties were repealed. In 1791, by an act of Con-
gress, a.i excise of four pence per gallon was laid on all
distilled s])irits. This tax weighed heavily on tlie people
of western Pennsylvania, where in some districts a sixth
or fifth of the farmers were distillers, and nearly all the
coarse grain was converted into spirit and this sent across
the mountains or down the Ohio river to market. .V
majority o' the inhabitants of this region were Scotch-
Irish 01 their descendants, and their recollections or tra-
ditions of resistance to the excise laws in the "old coun-
try " inclined them to follow here the examples of their
fathers. In the year of tii: passage of the act resistance
to its enforcement commenced, and meetings were held, at
which resolutions were passed denouncing all who should
attempt the enforcement of the law, and excise officers
were tarred and feathered and otherwise maltreated.
This resistance continued during the succeeding two or
three years. People who were suspected of favoring the
law were proscribed, socially and otherwise, and open
resistance to its execution, by violence to the persons and
injury to the property of those attempting to execute it,
was practiced. This was the condition of things in the
counties c' /-.Uegheny, Fayette, \\'ashington and West-
moreland. In 1794 Congress amended the law, but noth-
ing short of absolute repeal would satisfy the malcon-
tents, whose successful resistance had greatly emboldened
them. Armed and organized mobs assembled, attacked
the houses of excise officers and burned their buildings,
and several persons were killed in these riots. Finally
a large force assembled and marched on Pittsburg, de-
termined to burn the house of an excise officer there; but
by adroit management they were prevented from doing
any harm beyond burning a barn These lawless pro-
ceedings were reported to the authorities, and the Presi-
dent of the United States and the governor of the State
issued proclamations commanding the insurgents to dis-
perse, and calling for troops to suppress the insurrection.
In obedience to this i^roclamation a force of about 13,000
was raised in Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey and Penn-
sylvania, and under the command of Governor Henry
I.ee, of Virginia, marched to the insurrectionary district.
This awed the insurgents into obedience and no further
trouble was experienced.
In 1798 the Fries insurrection, or "hot water war,"
as it was ca"ed because of the method adopted by the
women in resisting the collection of the "house tax,"
occurred in Bucks and Montgomery counties. Troops
were called out ; Fries and others — leaders — were ar-
rested, tried, and convicted of treason, but subsequently
])ardoned.
The Erie Railroad war, which occurred in the winter
of 1853-4, is still fresh in the recollection of many. This
arose cut of the opposition of the people of Erie to the
action of what is now the Lake Shore Railroad Comjjany
in laying a track of uniform width through the city. The
track was torn up and bridges were destroyed by a mob
encouraged by the city authorities, and tra\ el was em-
barrassed during several months. Order was finally re-
stored, and Erie has since been widely known as the
" i>eaniil city."
.\l)Out the year 1862 a reign of terror was inaugurated
in some portions of the mining regions in the State of
Pennsylvania, by the discovery that there existed among
till- miners an organization of desperadoes who set the
law at defiance, and aided and protected each other in
the blackest crimes known. This organization is popu-
larly known as the Mollie Maguires, and it was trans-
planted in this country about the year 1854 from Ire-
land. It was an organization for resistan< e to the land-
lords in that country, and took its name from a des-
perate woman, who was very active and efficient in shoot-
ing landlords' agents. In this country it is said that it
never existed as a distinct organization, but that the se-
cret acts of lawlessness and crimes that had characterized
the Mollie Maguires came to be tolerated and even sanc-
tioned and abetted by the "Ancient Order of Hibernians,"
a benevolent institution which had long existed and
which, in some States, was incorporated. When they
first attracted attention they were termed " Huckshots,"
and, although troublesome, they were not considered very
dangerous. Their crimes came to be more fre<|uent and
audacious. They resisted the enrollment for the draft
in 1862. Arson, and the assassination of those who in-
curred their displeasure, came to be more and more com-
mon, and were jierpetrated with entire impunity, for an
alibi was always proved; and during the twelve or thirteen
years following the influx of foreign miners into the coal
regions, which began soon after the breaking out of the
Rebellion, they came to be a real terror in those regions.
.\t length a skillful detective succeeded in gaining admis-
sion to their order and obtaining a knowledge of its
secret workings, and of the perpetrators of the many
murders which had been committed. The result was
that many of these murderers were brought to justice,
and the order was rendered impotent by the exposure
of its dangerous character.
In the summer of 1877 what is known as the great
strike occurred. This commenced in the cii\ of Balti-
more, among the employees of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad Company, and rapidly extended the entire length
of the road. Three days later, July 19th, certain em-
ployees of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company also struck,
or refused to work. The immediate cause or pretext for
the strike at Pittsburg was an order from the superin-
tendent of the road extending the trip of a "crew ; " thus
— as it was said — rendering a smaller number of men
necessary and depriving a portion of their employ-
ment.
The exigencies of the war of 1861-65 brought about an
unhealthy condition of things throughout the country.
The currency was inflated; business acquired an abnor-
mal activity; the prices of produce, of manufactured arti-
cles, and of labor were greatly enhanced, and a general
expansion took place. This engendered among all classes
a degree of reckless extravagance unknown before, and
when, after the lai)se of a few years, business gradually
=#4
OUTLINE HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
came to be established on a more healthy basis, jjeople
found it difficult to adapt themselves to their clianged
surroundings, to practice the more rigid economy which
those surroundings necessitated, and to appreciate the
increased and steadily increasing value of a dollar.
When, therefore, by reason of a depreciation in the
prices of produce, a lessened demanl for manufactured
goods, and a consequent reduction of the profits of
manufacturers, it became necessary to reduce the price
of labor, many laborers, finding it hard to submit to these
inevitable changes, and failing to appreciate the necessity
for them, sought by the e.xercise of lawless force to com-
pel producers, manufacturers, or carriers to continue the
prices which they paid in more prosperous times.
Such was the condition of things at the commencement
of this strike. At first certain railroad employees, who
considered themselves aggrieved, refused to work, and
sought by intimidation and force to prevent others
from doing the work which they refused to do. At Pitts-
burg these were joined by the idle, vicious and reck-
less who were not in the employ of the railroad com-
pany, and at once became more and more disorderly and
defiant. The authorities were called on to protect the
company's property, but the force failed to control the
mob. The militia were called out, and some of the
soldiers fraternized with the rioters, and others proved
inefficient by reason of a mistaken aversion to firing on
them, and finally allowed themselves to be driven from
their position. The citizens took no measures to repress
disorder, but rather looked on approvingly.
Under such circumstances the crowd constantly ,iug-
mented, and became more and more desperate. Li-
cendiarism and pillage came to be the order of things,
and property to the amount of millions of dollars was
destroyed- Proclamations were issued by the governor,
more militia were called out, and at last the citizens awoke
from their apathy when they became aware that the city
itself was in danger of destruction, and the riotous pro-
ceedings were finally quelled.
Meantime the strike had extended until it had become
general along the Pennsylvania Railroad. Violence was
resorted to and property destroyed at various places
along the line of the road, but nowhere was there such a
reign of terror as at Pittsburg. At Philadelphia the
authorities t^ok such ample precautions, and the police
acted so promptly ana efficiently n-hen the riot broke
out there, that it was at once put down. The governor
visited riotous localities along the line of the road in
l)erson, accompanied by troops, and regular soldiers
were furnished by order of the President and Secretary
of War, on application of Governor Hartranft, to aid in
restoring order.
At Reading riots broke out on the 22nd of July. The
militia were called out, but proved inefficient, though one
regiment, without orders, poured a volley into the assail-
ing crowd, killing ten and wounding forty and scattering
the rioters for the time. The presence of 300 regular
troops finally awed the mob and restored order
By the 24th the strike had extended to the mining re-
gions, and was extensively participated in by the miners.
Riots occurred at Pottsville, Shamokin, Bethlehem, East-
on, Wilkes-B'arre, Scranton and elsewhere. Work in the
mines was nrrested, some mines were flooded, railroad
property was destroyed and many lives were sacrificed in
the riots and the efforts to quell them. The greatest
destruction of property, however, was at Pittsburg, where
the citizens have since been punished for the tacit en-
couragement which they at first gave the rioters, by
being compelled to p.iy for the property destroyed.
CHAPTER VHL
HARRISHURG MADE THE CAPITAL THE WAR OF I»I2
INTERNA I, IMPROVEMENTS — SCHOOLS.
^HE project of removing the capital of the
State to a more central location began to
M,\\ be agitated during the last decade of the
eighteenth century. In 1795, 1796 and
1798 efforts were made to acconi|)lish such re-
moval, but they failed for the want of concurrent
action in the two branches of the Legislature.
Carlisle, Reading, Lancaster, Wright's Ferry and Harris-
burg were unsuccessfully proposed. In 1799 Lancaster
was selei ed, and the Legislature met there for the first
time in December of that year. By an act of the Legis-
lature in 1810 it was in 1812 removed from Lancaster to
Harrisburg; and the sessions of the Legislature were
held in the court-house at that place till the completion
of the public buildings in 1821.
The war of 181 2 had its origin in aggressions against
the United States by Great; Britain, which were contin-
ued during many years, notwithstanding the earnest pro-
tests of this nation. The r'ghts of the United States as
neutrals were disregarded during the Napoleonic wars,
and among other encroachments the English government
claimed the right to board and search American vessels,
and authorized its officers to examine their crews, seize
all those whom they chose to regard as British subjects,
and force th;m into their service. All remonstrances
were unavailing. The English in enforcing this right of
search committed great outrages, and the practice became
so obnoxious as to demand some decided measures for
its suppression. Under these circumstances there ap-
peared no alternative but war; and Congress having
authorized it, war against Great Britain was declared on
the 19th of June, 1812. The measure was not univer-
sally sustained. The Federal party, then in the minority,
opposed it; and their political opinions being apparently
stronger than their patriotism, they loudly denounced it.
The Federalists in New York and New England were
most jirominent in their opi)osition, and if they did not
directly aid the enemy their conduct was discouraging
IL
t
WAR OK 1812— INTKRNAI. IMl'ROVKMENTS.
mul injurious to those wlio were periling their lives in
their country's cause. This opposition was, however,
quite impotent in Pennsylvania.
At the commencement of the war Ciovernor Snyik-r
issued a jiatriotic call for fourteen thousand \olunteers;
and such was the alacrity of the response that three times
the number required tendered their services, and money
was readily offered for the pku es of those who were ac-
cepted.
During this war Pennsylvania was not the scene of hos-
tile operations, although her frontier was threatened. A
force of British and Indians appeared on the north shore
of the lake, opposite t') F-rie, in July, 1812; but the
jirompt measures that were taken for the defense of the
])ort prevented an attack. The mouth of the Delaware
was blockaded in 1813, and most of the foreign commerce
of Philadelphia was cut off; but the river had been
placed in such a state of defense that it was not invaded.
A thousand men were sent to ])rotect the shores of this
river, and an equal force sent to guard the harbor of Erie,
where \essels of war were in process of construction and
equipment. The brilliant victory of Commodore Perry
on the loth of September, 1813, was the result of the
fitting out of this naval force.
The ravaguig of the shores of Chesapeake bay, and
the burning of Washington, in 1813 and 1814, and the
threatening attitude of the enemy after these depreda-
tions, induced Governor Snyder to issue another call for
troops to defend the State against the peril which men-
aced it. In compliance with this a force of five thousand
established a rendezvous on the Delaware, and although
the soil of Pennsylvania was not invaded this force did
good service in marching to the relief of Baltimore when
it was attacked, and aiding to repel the enemy. It is
worthy of note, as showing the difference in the patriotism
of men from different sections of the country, that four
thousand New York troops under General Van Rennsse-
laer refused to cross the line into Canada, but that, soon
afterward, a brigade of Pennsyhanians, consisting of two
thousand, under General Tannehill, crossed without the
slightest hesitation, glad to be able to meet the enemy on
his own soil and do battle for their country. .A treaty of
peace between the two nations was ratified on the 17th of
February, 1S15.
The extensive system of internal improvements which
has swallowed so many millions of money in this State
was commenced about the year 1790. The first efforts
were directed to the improvement of navigation in the
ri\ers of the Slate; then, as time went on, the construc-
tion of a system of canals and turnpikes was entered on,
and prosecuted beyond that of any other Stale in the
Union. The grand jjroject of securing the trade of the
West, through a connection between Philadelphia and
the waters of the Ohio at Pittsburg, by a line cf public
works, was realized in 1831. In order to secure the in-
fluence and votes necessary to authorize this it had been
found necessary to construct other canals in various parts
of the State, the inhabitants of which desired to par-
ticipate in the benefits of the system of internal improve-
ment, and thus that system in this Slate came to exceed
in magnitude that of any other.
It was not possible, however, for the wisest of thor,e
who projected and promoted this system of improvements
to foresee the rise and rapid progress of another system,
which was to take the place of and wholly supersede that
»lii( h, at su( h an enormous expense, they inaugurated
and carried forward.
In 1827 a railro.ad, nine miles in length, the longest
then in existence in America, was constructed from
Mauch Chunk to some coal mines. Only two had pre-
ceded this — one, with a wooden track, at a stone quarry
in the county of Delaware, Penn., and another, having .1
I length of three miles, at a cpiarry in Quincy, Mass. Since
j that time the railroad system of this country has devel-
I oped to its present magnitude. A majority of the canals
are dry, many have been converted into railroad beds, and
even the rivers and lakes of the <:ountry have dwin-
dled into comparative insignificance as avenues of travel
or transportation. In 1857 the |>rincipal line of public
works between Pittsburg and Philadelphia was sold to the
Pennsylvania Railroad Company for a fraction of its cost,
I and measures were at once taken for the sale of the other
works belonging to the State Thus do systems, one
after another, develop and pass away, and no prevision
can point out what is to come.
\\hile it is true that in some of the States of the Union
the jjresent system of internal im])rovements, which has
been fostered and encouraged by those States, has proved
to be almost the ruin of their best interests, the reverse
is true in Pennsylvania. The development of the im-
mense mineral resources of the State reipiired the con-
! struction of these avenues of transportation, and the cost
i of those built by the State, though they were afterward
' sold for only a jiart of that cost, was returned many fold
I in the increase of wealth which was the direct result of
' their construction. When the first canal was projected the
use of anthracite coal was hardly known, .md the cost of
its trans])ortation to market was so great as to prechidc
the possibility of its profitable use. With every increase
in the facilities for the transportation of this important
mineral it has been cheapened to the consumer, and its
])rpduction has been rendered more profitable; and now
I large areas which have no value for any other purpose
are sources of immense and constantly imreasing wealth.
I Previous to the year 1834 many acts were passed by the
j Legislature pertaining in some way to the subject of edu-
I cation. Some of these were local in their application,
and some were little more than resolutions in favor of
education. Isolated schools were established in various
localities, in most of which provision was made for the
education of the children of the poor. The people of
the dilTcrent religious dennminations made provision for
the education of their children, often establishing paro-
chial schools. This was the case with the Quakers, the
S< (Itch-Irish Presbyterians, the German Lutherans, the
Mennonists, the Moravians, the Dvmkards, etc. Nothing
having the semblance of a public school system was
I established previous to the adoption of the constitution
OUTLINE HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
of 1790, which required that provision should be made
by law for the general establishment of schools wherein
gratuitous instruction should be given to the children of
the poor. From that time till 1827 efforts were from
lime to time made to establish a system in accordance
with this requirement, but with only partial success, the
radical defect in all being the distinction between the
children of the rich and poor. In 1827 earnest and sys-
tematic efforts began to be put forth for the establish-
ment of free schools for all, and in 1834 the foundation
of the present common school system was laid, in the
enactment of a law for the maintenance of schools by a
tax on all taxable property. This law, which was at first
imperfect, was revised and amended in 1836, 1849, 1854
and 1857, in which last year the present system of nor-
mal schools was established.
In 1863 the Pennsylvania Railroad Company donated
to the State $50,000 for the education of soldiers' or-
phans. In 1865 the Legislature added to this an appro-
priation of $75,000. Schools and homes were established
for these wards of the State, and during several years an
annual expenditure was made for this purpose of half a
million of dollars. At these homes and schools soldiers'
orphans were boarded, clothed, educated and taught
habits of industry, and at a proper age were placed in
situations to acquire trades or professions.
In 1749 an academy was established by subscription in
Philadelphia " for instruction in the Latin and English
languages and mathematics." This was the foundation
of the ITniversity of Pennsylvania. This and Dickinson
College, at Carlisle, which was founded in 1783, were the
only colleges in the Slate previous to the commencement
of the nineteenth century. There are now twenty-seven,
of which five are purely secular or non-sectarian. There
are also seventeen theological institutions, ten medical
schools and one law school.
CHAPTER I.\.
PATRIOTIC .ACTION IN THE MEXICAN AND CIVII, WARS
GOVERNORS OF PENNSYLVANIA.
N 1846 war was declared by this government
'> 'T(( against Mexico, and by virtue of authority
-■j) vested in him by Congress, the President
"' "'• called on Pennsylvania for six volunteer
"" regiments of infantry, to hold themselves in
readiness for service during one year, or to the
end of the war. Such was the alacrity with which
the citizens responded to this call, that within thirty days
a sufficient number of volunteers had offered their ser-
vices to constitute nine full regiments. Of these, be-
tween two and three regiments were sent into the country
of the enemy, and their conduct at Vera Cruz, Cerro
Gordo, Chepultepec and the city of Mexico was iiighly
creditable to themselves as well as to the State which
they represented.
The promptitude with which Pennsylvania responded
to the call of the federal government in 1812 and 1846
was fully e(|ualed by the readiness with which her citi-
zens flew to arms at the breaking out of the great
Southern rebellion. In anticipation of that event the
citizens of Pittsburg had refused to allow arms to be
taken from their arsenal and sent south by traitorous
government oflicials ; and, when the storm of war burst
upon the country, the patriotism of the citizens of this
State w:is aroused to such a pitch that, in response to
the call for Pennsylvania's quota of the 75,000 first called
for, fourteen regiments, enough for twenty-five, offered
themselves.
A place of rendezvous, called, in honor of the gover-
nor of ill State, Camp Curtin, was established at Harris-
burg, and on the morning of .^pril i8th, 1861, six days
after the attack on Fort Sumter and three days
after the proclamation calling for 75,000 men was issued,
five companies of volunteers left Harrisburg for Washing-
ton. They passed through Baltimore amid the jeers and
imprecations of the mob, that followed them and hurled
bricks, clubs and other missiles at them as they boarded
the cars, and arrived at Washington on the evening of
the same day. They were the first troops that reached
the national capital, and for tnis prompt response to the
call of their country, and for their coolness and courage
in passing through the mob, they were aflerwaid thanked,
in a resolution, by the House of Representatives. Within
twelve days, or before the first of May, twenty-five reg-
iments, amounting to more than twenty thousand men,
were sent from this State to the field. The expense of
clothing, subsisting, arming, equiping and transporting
these troops was sustained by the State.
By the advance of General Lee toward the southern
border of the State in September, 1862, an invasion of
its territory was evidently threatened, and Governor
Curtin, by proclamation, called for fifty thousand men to
meet the emergency. These not only marched to the
border, which they covered, but most of them crossed
into the State of Maryland, and by their presence assisted
in preventing the advance northward of the rebel army.
Another emergency arose in June, 1863, to meet which
Governor Curtin issued a proclamation calling out the
entire militia of the Slate. By reason of a lack of con-
cert in the action of the State and national authorities,
only a portion of this force was brought into service pre-
vious to the battle of (lettysburg. Of that battle the
limits of this sketch will not permit a detailed account.
It was ihe result of the second attempt to invade northern
territory, and it was a disaster to the rebels from which
they never recovered.
The territory of the State was again invaded in July,
1864, and all the available troops in the State were sent
forward to repel the invasion. The inhabitants along the
southern border were considerably annoyed and injured
by this invasion, and the town of Chamber.sburg was
burned. More than two hundred and fifty houses were
H>
WAR ()!• THE RKI5KI. I. ION— GOVERNORS OF I'KNNSYLVANIA.
-'5
find by the rebels and the town wns iniirely destroyed,
involving a loss of about §2,000,000. It was an act ol
wanton vandalism.
Of Camp Ciirtin, that was established at the eomnuMK e-
ment of the war, it may be said that it was not only a
plate of rendezvous for soldiers and of dejiosit for nnl-
itary stores, but a depot for jirisoners and a hos|)ilal
for the sick and for the wounded after some of the
great battles, esi)ecially the battles of Oettysburg and
Antietam. It was early i)la( ed under the control of the
federal government, and so tonlinued till the close of
'he war.
A brief mention should be made of the part which the
loyal women of the State bore in this conllici. Not only
did they part with their husbands, sons and brothers, who
went forth to do battle for their country and the pres-
ervations of its institutions, and in many cases to lay
down tlieir lives, but they put forth their efforts to pro-
vide and send forward to those who languished in distant
hospitals those comforts which the government could not
furnish; and many a sick or wounded soldier had oci a-
sion to bless his unknown benefnctress for some delicacv
or comfort of which he was the recipient.
During the continuance of this war the State of Penn-
sylvania furnished for the army two hundred and seventy
regiments and many detached com[)anies, amounting in
all to 387.284 men. The following quotation from a
special message of Ciovernor Curtin, at the close of the
war, is a well deserved tribute to the self-sacrificing pa-
triotism of the people of this State:
" Proceeding in the strict line of duty, the resources of
I'ennsylvania, whether in men or money, have neither
lieen withheld or squandered. The history of the con-
duct of our people in the field is illuminated with inci-
dents of heroism worthy of conspicuous notice; but it
would be impossible to mention them in the proper limits
of this message, without doing injustice or i)erhaps mak-
ing invidious distinctions. It would be alike impossible
to furnish a history of the associated benevolence, and of
the large individual contributions to the comfort of our
peoi)le in the field and hospital: or of the names and ser-
vices at all times of our volunteer surgeons, when called
to assist in the hospital or on the battle field. Nor is it
possible to do justice to the many patriotic and Christian
men who were always ready when summoned to the
exercise of acts of humanity and benevolence. Our
armies were sustained and strengthened in the field by
the patriotic devotion of their friends at home; and we
can never render full justice to the heaven-directed, pa-
triotic, Christian benevolence of the women of the State '
Tlie following is a list of the governors of the colons,
province and Slate of Pennsylvania, with the year of tli<
appointment or election of each:
Cnder the Swedes: i6^S, Peter Minuit; 1641. Pele"
Ilollandare; 1643, John Print/; 1653, John Pap|j..-goya:
1654, Johan Claudius Rysingh.
Under the Dutch: 1655. Peter Siuyvesant F)ery( k
Schmidt /*/v» /(//I. ; 1655, John Paul Jaijuet; 1657, J.ncob
.Mrichs; i6!;9, Alexander I). Hinyossa; 1652, William
Heekman; 1663. .Alexander D. Hinyossa; 1673, Anthony
Colve Peter .■\lri< h's deputy .
Under the Duke of York: 1664, c:olonel Richard
Nichols Robert Carr, deputy ; 1667, Colonel Francis
Lovelace.
Under 'he Knglish: 1674, Sir Kdmund Andross:
Under the proprietary government: 16S1, William
Markham, deputy; 1682, William Penn; 16S4, Thrtm is
l.loyd, president of the council; 1688, five commissioners
ajipointed by the proprietor — Thomas l.loyd, Robert Tur-
ner, Arthur Cook, John Symcock, John Flckley; i6«.S.
John Blackwell, deputy; 1690, Thomas IJoyd, president
of council; 1691.Thom.1s l.loyd, deputy governor; 1693,
Benjamin Fletcher, William Markham lieutenant gov-
ernor; 1695, William Markham, deputy; 1699. William
Penn; 1701, Andrew Hamilton, deputy; 1703, Fldward
Shippen, ])resident of the coimcil; 1704, John Evans,
deputy; 1709, Charles C.ookin, deputy; 1 7 1 7, Sir Willi.im
Keith, deputy; 1726, I'airick Cordon, deputy; 1736,
James Logan, president of the council; 1738, George
Thomas, deputy; 1747, .\nthony Palmer, president of the
council; 1748, James Hamilton, lieutenant governor;
1754, Robert H. Morris, deputy: 1756, William Denny,
deputy: 1 759, James Hamilton, deputy; 1763, John Fenn;
1771, James Hamilton, president of the council; 1771.
Richard Penn; 1773, John Penn.
Under the constitution of 1776 ,iresidents of the
supreme council: 1777, Thomas Wharton; 1778, Joseph
Reed; i 781, William Moore; 1 782. John Dickinson; 1785,
Benjamin I'ranklin; 1788, Thomas Mifflin.
L'nder subsequent constitutions: 1790, Thomas Mif-
flin; I 799, Thomas .M<Kean; 1808, .Simon Snyder; 1S17;
AVilliam Findlay; 1S20, Jo.seph Heister; 1823, John .An-
drew Schulize; 1829, George Wolf; 1835, Joseph Ritnir:
1S39, IKavid R. Porter; 1845, Francis R. Shunk; 1S4.S,
William !■". Johnston: 1852, William Bigler; 1855, James
Pollock; 1858, William F. Packer; 1861, .\ndrew G. CUir-
tin; 1867, John W. Geary; 1873, John F. Hartranfl; 187S,
Henry M. Hoyt.
^>
LUZ[iRNE (M)IINTY.
CHAPTER 1.
RF.MCS AND THF.ORIF.S OK THK EARI.IKST INHAHITANTS
OF NORTHEASTKRN PENNSYLVANIA.
l<'WiipC f^^ historian of liie tornier inhabitants ol any
country or region is confronted at the out-
set by various difficulties. The question
arises, Who and what were the progenitors of
these inhabitants? and who were ////vV ances-
tors? and so on.
*^^ There exist in this country, and to some e.vtent
in northeastern Pennsylvania, evidences of its former oc-
cupancy by a people whose customs were, in some re-
spects, different from tliose of the Indians who were
found here near the close of the fifteenth century.
These evidences consist of the sepulchral and other
mounds or tumuli in the west and south, and of the de-
fensive works which are found in this region. Of the people
who constructed these mounds and forts no tradition was
preserved by the pre-Columbian Indians, and in and
around them many relics have been found concerning
the former use of which even the ingenuity of archaolo-
gists has failed to form a conjecture.
The opinion has been held that these people were not
the progenitors of the present race of Indians, but that
they were expelled from the country or exterminated by
those from whom these Indians descended. The cor-
rectness of this opinion is doubted by many modern
ethnologists, who insist that gradual changes in the sur-
roundings of a people, extending through indefinite
periods of time, are sufficient to account for those things
which have been regarded as evidences of a distinct race
of people. They insist, too, that in the absence of a re-
corded history it is not strange that in the lapse of time
many of the customs, the significance of the monuments
and works, and even the existence of a people should
pass into oblivion among their descendants.
It is not necessary, and it would be iniprojjcr to discuss
this ([uestion here. These mementos of the long ago
exist, and as archaeologists become more skilled in search-
ing after them more are discovered, notwithstanding the
fact that time, the ax and the plow lend constantly to
obliterate the traces of their existence.
In recent times individuals, associations and public in-
stitutions have become impressed with the importance of
preserving these relics of bygone ages, and with com-
mendable zeal they are engaged in collecting them in
cabinets and museums, where they may be preserved and
studied in future. The national museum at Washington
contains many thousands of these relics, and the cabinets
of historical societies are constantly being enriched by
accessions of them. Steuben Jenkins, Ks^., of Wyo-
ming, and Dr. H. Hollister. of Providence, have each an
extensive cabinet in which may be seen many rare spei i
mens of these relics. Their cabinets are filled mostly
with specimens that were found in this region.
Want of space forbids even a catalogue of all the works
that have been discovered in this and surrounding re-
gions, of the origin and builders of which there exists not
even a tradition. Probably many others have been
leveled by the plough and forgotten, if their character
was ever known; and perhaps still others, the relics of
periods antecedent to these, have been obliterated by
time.
There are regions the peculiar topography of which
renders them well adapted to the wants of a people,
and which at the same time does much toward shaping
and molding the character of that people. Northeastern
Pennsylvania appears to have long been the habitat of a
wild, independent and warlike race, and the physical fea-
tures of the region are adapted to the wants of just such
a people as the works and relics found in it indicate, and
as were represented by its inhabitants .tI the time of its
settlement by Europeans.
The only record which these ancient people have left
is to be found here and there in the remains of the forti-
fications or defensive works which they constructed; the
village sites or camping places which they occupied, and
which the practiced eye of an arrhxologist is able still to
discern; and the relics which are found of their rude
weapons, their ruder implements, and the uncouth orna-
ments with which they decorated themselves.
.Many of their defensive works were doubtless oblitera-
ted by the agricultural operations of early settlers, and
28
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
thus they have passed into oblivion. Two of these are
known to have existed in the Wyoming valley. One was
thus described by Cha])man in his history of Wyoming:
" 111 the valley of VVjominji tlii'ie e.\ist some remains of ancient foiti-
flcatiims, whicli appciii- to lia\ c liccn cuiisti-ucted liy a race of people
very Uilfcrcnt in tlieii- lialiils fiom tlio.'^e who occnpicil tlie place when
first iliscuvereil liy llic whiles. Ulnsl of tlii'se ruins have licen so niuch
ohlitciiitcil l'.y tile operations of ajirieiilture that their forms cannot now
he ilistinctly ascertained. That which remains the most entire was e.v-
ainineii liy the writer during- the suininer of 1K17. and its dimensions
carefully ascertained, although from frequent jilowinsr its form had
become almost destro.ved. It is situated in the township of Kingston,
upon a level plain on the north side of Tohy's erei^ls, about one hundred
and fifty feet from its bank, and about half a mile from its ciuitluence
with the .■'iis(inelianna. It is of an o\al or elliptical form, having- its
longest diameter from the northwest to the southeast, at right angles to
the ci-ecU, three huiKlred and thirty-seven feet, and its shortest diameter
from the northeast to the southwest two hundred and seventy-two feet.
On the southwest siile appears to have bi-en a j^ateway about twelvefeet
wide, opening tow-ard the great eddj' of the river into which the ercek
falls. From lu-esenl apiieai-ances it consisted probably of onl.v one
mound or fiimpart, w hieh, in height and thickness, appears to have been
the same on all sides, and was eonstructed of earth, the plain on which
it stands not abounding in stone. On the outside of the rampart is an
entrenchnicnt or ditch, formeil ]u-obabl.v by removing the earth of
which it is composed, and w-hii-h appears never to ha\ e been walled. The
creek on w-hich it stands is bounded b.v a high, steep bank on that side,
and at ordinary times is sutlicicntlj- ileep to admit canoes to ascend from
the ri\-er to the fortification. When the first settlers came to \V.^-oming
this plain was covered with its native forest, consisting- principally of
oak and yellow pine, and the trees which grew on the rampart and in
the entrenchment are said to have been as larg-e as those in any other
part of the valley. One large oak particularly, upon being- cut down, was
ascertained to be se\'en hundred years old. The Indians had no tradi-
tion concerning these fortifications: neither did they apjiear to have
any knowledge of the puriiose for which the.v were constriu^ted."
t
Tlie other was described by Miner in his history of
Wyoming as follows:
" Another foi-tilication e.visted on ,Iaeoli's Plains, or the upper Hats, in
Wilkes-Hari-e. Its situation is the highest part of the low grounds, so
that only in cvtraordinary Hoods is the spot ci)\-ered w-ith w-ater. I^ook-
iiig over the Hats in orclinaril.v high freshets the site of the fort presents
to till- eye an islaml in the vast sea of waters. The eastern exti-emit.\- is
near the line di\-idiiig- the farms of Mr. .lohn Searle and Mr. .lames Han-
cock, where, from its safety from inundation, a fence has long- since
been placed ; and to this circumstance is to be attributed the preser\-a-
tion of the embankinent and ditch. In the open field so entirely is the
work leveled that the eye cannot trace it. Hut the e.vtent west is
known, for ' it reached through the meadow lot of Captain Gore' (said
t'orneliusf'ourtright, Ks(i.,to niewhen visiting the ground several years
ago), ' and came on to my lot one or two rods.' The lot of ( 'aplain Gore
was se\-entecn perches in width. Taking then these two hundred and
eighty feet, add the ilistaiieeitexteiided eastwanlly on IheScarle lot, and
the extension w-esterlj- on the lot of I-^Sfiuirc < 'oiirtrigllt, we lia\-e the
length ot thai measured by Mr. Chapman so very nearly as In render tlur
inference almost certain that both weri^ of the same size and dimensions.
"Huge trees were growing out of the enbankment when the white
people began to clear the Hats for eultivation. This, too, in Wilkos-
Itarre, is oval, as is still manifest from the segment e.vhihited on the
u|iper part, formed by the remaining rainjiartand fosse, the chord of
the arc being the division fcni-e. .\circleis easily made, tin- elliptical
form much more dinieult for an unlutored niind to trace Trilling as
these circumstances may appear, the (;xact ooincideiK^c in si/.eand shape,
ami that shape dillieult to foriii, they appeared to me worthy of a dis-
tinct notice. The Wilkes-liarre fortification is about eighty rods from
the river, toward which a gate opened, and the ancient people concur in
stating that a well existed in Ihc interior, near Ihe .southern line.
" On the hank of the river there is an Indian burying iilaee; not a bar-
row or hill, such as is described by Mr. .lefferson, but where graves have
been dug and the deceased laiil, hori'/.ontally, in regular rows. In e.\-
cavating the canal, ciitling through the bank that borders the Hats,
perhaps thirty rods south from the fort, w-as another burying |ilace
dis(-losed, evidently more ancient; for the lioiies almost immediately
crumbled to dust on exposure to the air, and the deposits were fur
more numerous than in that near the river. Hy the representation c.r
.lames Stark, Ksij., the skeletons were countless, and the de'ceased had
been buried in a sitting posture. In a eonsiderablc portion of the hank,
though scarcely a hone remained of suHicient firmness to be lifted up,
the closeness and position of the buried were apparent from the dis-
coloration of the earth. In this place of deposit no heads were found,
while they were common in that near the river.
" In 1814 I visited this fortification in company with the jirescnt Chief
Justice Gibson and ,Iacob Cist, Esijs. The whole line, although it had
been plowed for more than thirty years, was then distinctly traceable
by the eye. Kortune was unexpectedly propitious to our search, for we
found a medal, bearing on one side the impress of King (ieorge the
First, dated 1714 (the year he conimenced his reign), and on the other an
Indian chief."
What was thought to be a well was doubtless a " cache,"
or place of concealment or storage for corn or other
stores. From the description given of these works it is
evident they were similar in character to other ancient
defensive works that have been found east from Ohio.
\Vhere such works are sufficiently well preserved to be
studied they are found to consist in each case of mural
embankment, or m very rare cases of two such, enclosing
areas varying in size, but usually of about two acres.
They are usually surrounded by ditches, which evidently
served the double purpose of furnishing the material for
the walls and rendering the defensive character of the
works more formidable. In some of these works the em-
bankments give evidence of having been surmounted with
palisades, and it is probable that but for the ravages of
time such evidences might be found in all of them. The
continuity of the walls is usually interrupted by two sally
ports, or passage ways, at nearly opposite points, and one
of these is almost always on the side of the work which
is least accessible from without and nearest to the water
sup])ly. When excavations are made in the enclosed
areas indubitable evidences are found of their former
occupancy, not only as places of safety in times of jjeril,
but as encampments, or rather as village sites or resi-
dences during very long jieriods. In nearly all these
works are found collections of rough angular stones of
sizes convenient for hurling at assaulting foes. Weajions
and implements or utensils of stone, bone and terra cotta
are also found; but rarelv is a trace to be seen of metallic
weapons or tools, and when such are found they are usu-
ally near the surface, while the others are at depths
varying from six to eighteen inches.
All these circumstances are indications of the great an-
tiquity of these works. They show not only that the
works were occupied ata period anteriorto the discovery
of the use of metals by their occupants, but that since
their abandonment sufficient time has elapsed for six
inches of mould to accumulate by the slow ])rocess of
growth and decay of vegetable matter in dry situations.
The statement may therefore be credited that trees hav-
ing seven hundred years of age were found growing on
these works, and these perhaps had been preceded there
by others.
In the vicinity of these works burial places are almost
always found. These are of two kinds. In one the
graves are isolated; and with the skeletons which they
contain are found the rem.iins of such treasures as the
Indians of later times were in the habit of burying with
their dead. The other kind of cemeteries are sometimes
termed "bone ])its " and in these immense quantities of
human ossements are found, which appear to have been
deposited without regard to order, and among which
implements, weapons or trinkets are very rarely found.
By some these are su[)posed to be the remains of those
who have fallen in battle, and to indicate that a sanguin-
-i^ ^^^
^<l-»»-
RELICS OF PREHISTORIC INHABITANTS.
-'•>
ary conflict took place r.enr the locality where they arc
found. A perusal of Parkman's account of the "feast
of the dead," as witnessed and described by the earliest
Jesuit missionaries among the American Indians, will
place the origin of these collections of human remains
beyond a question, and fully explain th.- peculiar appear-
ances which they present.
About a mile above Scranton, near Providence, was
found a mound which was probably an ancient place of
sepulture. It was the only burial mound found in this
region; and it is a matter of interest because it shows
that this is not the eastern limit of the region where sepul-
chral mounds are found. This mound was simple in its
construction, and excavations made in it nearly a century
since brought to light a ipiantity of game arrow points,
stone implements and ornaments of very great variety, a
copper kettle and many broken specimens of the fictile
art. Two phalanges of a finger fount! at this moimd
twenty years since by Or. Hollister, in whose possession
they still are, and the copper kettle found there before,
indicate that this was used as a burial place at a period
subsequent to the occupancy of the fortifications in
Wyoming valley.
In the vicinity of these ancient works are usually found
evidences of many camping places, or village sites ; as
though the fortifications were used as places of refuge in
times of danger by those who at different times occupied
those sites. The relics found where these villages or
camps were are of a character identical with those within
the fortifications; but among them, though generally
nearer the surface, are found those of a later period.
The Indians who inhabited the country at the time of
its discovery by the whites had no knowledge of the
uses of these works, and no traditions concerning those
who constructed them ; hence some have inferred that
the forefathers of these Indians succeeded, or, perhaps,
drove away or e.xterminated these people. When we
consider the facility with which the knowledge of historic
events dies out among savages who have no written
language, it will not be a matter of wonder that all
knowledge of these works should pass into oblivion, even
among the descendants of those who constructed them.
Time has effaced the history of the people who erected
some of the most stupendous monuments of antiquity —
cities are in ruins, or are buried in the earth and no
record remains of the people who built or inhabited them;
arts are lost to the descendants of those among whom
they flourished, and the interpretation of the records
which remain in the written language of ancient people is
now hypothetical. If those who reared monuments, built
cities, cultivated arts and had written lanjruages, have
become the prey of oblivion, how much more readily
will the people be forgotten who, like the Indians of
this country, have no written language, and no ambition
to perpetuate their memory, and who leave only the rude
arrow on the hillside, the emblem of their pursuits, and
the ruder pipe, vessel or trinket, buried with their bones
— the record at once of their existence and their supersti-
tion.
In the valley of the Susquehanna, and especially in
the vicinity of the works sjioken of, have been found
many relics which seem to indicate that almost all portions
of its area have at different times been occupied for en-
campments or villages. Large collections of these relics
have been made, as before stated, by Messrs. Jenkins and
Hollister. Among these may be found a great number
and every variety of flint arrow points. These arc the
most common relics of the stone period, for they are
found on every sandy plain in America. They are of
various sizes and fashions, to adapt thetn to different
uses. They are usually manufactured from flint, agate,
cornelian and other native pebbles, and are worked with
such skill as to excite admiration and surprise. Recently
Mr. K. H. Cushing, of the Smithsonian Institution, has
demonstrated the method by which this work was ac-
• complished, and has been able to manufacture these
weapons with all the peculiarities that those which are
found in Euro()e or .America possess.
The most common form of these arrow heads is that of
an elongated triangle with a stem in the middle of the
shortest side, and a barb on each side of the stem. These
could be thrown into a victim and withdrawn with the
shaft, but those which were shaped like a myrtle leaf
were attached to thiir shafts in such a w.iy that on with-
drawing the shaft the stone point remained to prove a
source of irritation and death. The varieties of this
weapon are very great, but they can with propriety be
placed in the two classes of /t*(/<Y and 7<'i//- arrow heads, or
such as could and those which could not be withdrawn
from the deep wounds which they made. The former
were used in hunting. Some were delicately constructetl
and exquisitely finished for killing small game or fish.
Some were serrated, barbed and stemmed. Sometimes
they are found white as snow, but usually they are made
of dark colored hornstone. Spear heads, some of which
are eight inches in length, and of every size, color and
finish, have, as well as arrow points, been accumulating
in these collections during thirty or forty years. Bone,
clay, shell and coi)i)er utensils are nut found in these col-
lections in abundance; but the stone implements used by
the red men in ])eace or in war, such as tomahawks,
death mauls, stone picks, hammers, hoes, axes, mortars,
pestles, celts or hatchets, gouges, (|uoits, chunkee stones,
sling stones, scaljting stones, amulets, terra cotta and stone
pipes, |)olished tubes, triune cups, triune pipes, beads,
wampum, fictilia, whistles for signals in the forests, corn
pounders, ornamented rings and otherornamental devices,
highly polished stones for grinding war paint, stones for
recording time, healing the sick and warding off diseases,
stone implements for tilling the soil, and hundreds of
other contrivances of Indian life have found a place in
these collections. Many of these articles were broken
while in use, but so complete are these collections in
archajological specimens, and so thoroughly do they
represent this region, that the " impulse, religioii and
habits of the tribes once living here can be
traced with almost the fidelity and interest of written
history."
'*■
3°
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
CHAPTER n.
(ll'KNINC. nr THl'.
HISTORIC IM'.RIOD-
WVnMINi;.
•IHK INDIANS OI-
HE history of the Indinn residents of Wyoming
''\ and its vicinity, so far as known to ns, fur-
nishes hut little of interest or importance.
While we have, from the general history of
the Indians of the country, glimpses' of a
tribe or nation that once had their seat of power
in this locality, who were warred upon by sur-
rounding tribes or nations until they were driven out,
yet of their local history here but little or nothing is
knov.n. Writers upon the subject of Indian history
have none of them given us more than a mere reference
to them while treating of their neighljors. From what
can be gathered it would seem that between the Five and
subsecjuently Sixi Nations or confederate tribes of the
north, called the Iroquois — the southern gate of whose
territory was at Tiopa Point — and the Sus(iuehannocks,
who ruled over the territory southeast of the Kittatinny
or Blue Hills, the whole of that vast region was inhabited
and ruled over by a nation of natives known as the Ca//-
i/as/ogas.
All of these nations were powerful and warlike, but the
Iroquois were by far the most restless and enterprising.
Governor Dongan in his report on the Province of New
York in 1687 says: "The Five Nations are the most
warlike people in America. They are a bulwark between
us and the French and all other Indians. They go as
far as the South Sea, the northwest passage and Florida
to war. They are so considerable that all the Indians in
those parts of America are tributary to them;" and he
further speaks of them as " the nations that conc]uered
the Suscjuehannas."
Still earlier than this we have some slight account of
some Indians living possibly within the territory of old
Wyoming — possibly not. It appears from an account
given by Stephen Brule, a Frenchman, that he passed
from Canada through the country of the Iroquois in 1615,
and reached the principal town of a tribe of Indians,
whom he calls Carantouans, where he and his party were
received with kindness. He spent the winter with them
in visiting neighboring tribes, and in the spring of 1616
descended the Susf|uehanna to the sea. His account
says " he returned to Carantouan and attempted to re-
turn to Canada, but was captured by the Iroquois, and
was unable to meet Champlain, with whom he had set
out from Canada, until in 16 19." He made report of this
tribe of Indians to Champlain, who, in his map of the
country explored by himself and Brule, gives up the
whole region of country south of the Iroquois to that
people, but fails to fix the location of any of their towns
at any point on the Susquehanna. Rev. Mr. Craft, author
of the History of Bradford County, is well satisfied that
their town, at least their chief town, if they had more
than one, was at the mouth of Sugar creek, in that
county.
Champlain says: "The Antouhonorons are fifteen vil-
lages near the River St. Lawrence. The Carantouanis is
a nation south of the Antouhonorons, only three days
distant. They formerly took prisoners from the Dutch,
whom they sent hack without injury, Ix-lieving them to
be French."
From this it would appear that the Carantouanis could
hardly have lived as far south as Pennsylvania, and if
in that State at all, must have been upon its extreme
northern border. It appears clearly that they were no
])art of the Six Nations. Champlain, in his report on the
explorations made by himself and the members of his
party, attaches a map of the country explored, extended
somewhat on the basis of information obtained from the
Indians. In this map he further complicates the question
of the location of the Carantouanis by placing their towns
on both sides of the Delaware river, instead of on the
Susquehanna. The latter river is entirely wanting in the
map.
The fact is, that while the French early in the 17th
century explored the whole region of the St. Lawrence
and the lakes and on through to the Mississippi river, and
the English surveyed the coast, the mouths of the rivers
and the bays, very little or nothing was known by either
the French or the English of the interior, the region of
the Susquehanna and its tributaries, until a century later.
No explorer had penetrated its mountain fastnesses, or
threaded its rapid streams. The whole region was a
terra incognita to white people, an uninhabited and un-
broken wilderness, a hunting ground, or a vast forest
waste, traversed by Indian braves in their predatory in-
cursions for plunder or war. While it might be interest-
ing to know more of the early history of the territory
drained by the Susquehanna and its tributaries; as well
as of the people who inhabited it, we must content our-
selves with what we have. The question naturally arises,
What more do we know of these Carantouanis? Were they
a large and powerful nation, occupying the vast territory
lying between the country of the Iroquois and the sea,
or were they only a small remnant of some nation, taking
their name from their town, location, or some incident
connected therewith ? We have no method of solving
these questions satisfactorily now. Conjecture is all
that is left us in the absence of that full and exact in-
formation so much to be desired. There is no doubt
that the name was neither national nor tribal, but a town
or local one. The mention of " visiting neighboring
tribes," would indicate that they occupied but a small ex-
tent of territory; and their "going down to the sea " in
winter, that they lived not far from it, a feat very difTicult,
if not impossible, by way of the Susquehanna, in winter.
They may have been and most probably were a remnant
of the great Candastoga nation.
It remains now to give some account of the Susque-
hannocks, at as early a day as we can get any information
of importance upon the subject. Alsop wrote of them in
1666 as follows:
t
INDIAN TRIHKS OF THR Sl'SOl'RHANNA.
.?'
" Thf StisiiiU'lmiiiiDcks urea |iiMipli> liiokl iipoi) hy the Chrislliiii ln)uil>-
itiiiits us t)K' most Notilr iiiu) Hrroic Niition of Itidiiiiis tliiit ilwol) ii|mmi
thu i'oiltliu-s of Atiu-rim. Also iiro so iillowi'd iiikI lookt upon by (hi-
rost of the litdhins by ii siibinisshi' iiiul ti-iliiitary iK-kiKiwlcilKiiiciit. b<--
iiiK a people (t)st into tho nioiild <if ii most laixc iiiiil wiii'liki* deporl-
inoiit. the mull l>rin>r for tlu> most part sexcn foot hiuli in lallitiidr, aii<l
in tiiat^nidiiU' and bnlk suitatih- to so litfrli a pitch : tticn \'o>(*<' lai-jfr ami
I Mil low, as asfcndin;.'' out of a ( 'a \<'; t licit' ^atc and lichaxior strait. siat4-l\
and majcstick. trcailin;.'- on the I'.arth with as much piltlc, contempt and
disdain to so sordid a t'enter as can lie imafrliie<] froui a eroatiirc derhcd
from the S4ime m«nihl and ICarth.
"These Siisiiiichaiinock Indians are for the most part ifreat \Varri(»p*.
and seldom sleep one Slimmer in the ipiiet armes of a iieaecable llesl.
but keep, by their present power as wi'll as by their foriiu-r <'on(|UC<iit,
the se\'eral Nations of Indians rtiuud about thcin in u forceable oliodi-
cnee and stibjcction.
"Their government is an Anarchy. Ho that lights best curries it. ♦
• * They now and then feetl on the carcasses of their enemies.
"They intomb Ihc ruincs id lliiir deceased eoiii|Uust hi no other Se|>-
ulehre than tlu'ir unsanctiticd maws.
" They are situated a huiidr<'d and odd miles distant from theChristian
lMantaii<uis of Mary-I.aiid. at the lu'ad [uKUithV] of a river that runs Into
the Day of Chesapikc. called liy their own name the Sus<|UehaniHick
Ui\cr. wlare they remain and inhabit most part of the Summer time,
and seldom remo\c far from it, unless it be to subdue an.\" Korrci^'u
Kcbcllion.
" .\bout .\o\fmbcr Ilu- lic~t Hunters draw otV to si-\ end rcmoteplaces
of the Woods, where they know the Deer, Hear and I'.lke usi'th. There
they build se\"eral cotta^^es, where thej- i-emain for the space of three
months"
.Smitli, in liis liistory of his voyage, s])caks of the Siis-
(|iiehanno(ks as "giants," " their language sounding like
a vovce in .1 \aiilt." He says: " They can make near
600 able bodied men, and are palisadoed in their townes
to defenil them from the Massawomekes, their mortal
enemies."
Campaniiis says; " Tliey live on a high mountain, very
steep and difficult to climl), where they have a fort,
or ?(]nare building surrounded with jjalisades. This fort
or town is about twelve miles from New Sweden."
We lune thus gone over t!ie history of the Indian
nations or tribes that inhabited or were found con-
nected with the early history of Wyoming and the adja-
cent cotinlry, and it remains for us now to come down to
the period when the white man commenced to mingle his
history with that of the Indian in that locality.
'n '737 Conrad Weiser, an Indian interpreter residing
at I'ulpehocken, in Pennsylvania, at the retptest of Gov-
ernor (iooi h, of N'irginia, was sent by the provincial gov-
ernment of Pennsylvania to meet a council of the Six
Nations, to be held at Onondaga, for the jnirpose of
" establishing ])eace between the allied Six Nations at the
north and the so-called Cherikees and Cataubas at the
south." He left home on his mission on the 27th of
1-ebruary, proceeded to the Susquehanna river, which he
crossed at Shamokin. and thence by way of the west
branch to his destination. After accomplishing his mis-
sion he returned home by way of the east branch of the
Susquehanna, and arrived at Wyoming on the 26th of
April. His entry in his journal reads as follows:
"The 26th we reached Scahanlowano, where a number
of Indians live, Shawanos and Mahickanders. Found
there two traders from New ^'ork, and three men from
the Maqua country, who were hunting land, 'i'heir names
are Ludwig Rasselman, Martin Dillenbach and Pit de
Niger. Here there is a large body of land, the like of
which is not to be found on the river."
yVe are here introduced to two other tribes o( Indians,
icmnants of nations. The Shawanos, as described bv
/in/.endorf and Hrainard, missionaries among them, were
a " ferocious, iintamalile and vicious people, unmoved by
either sym])athy or affection, and constantly bent on mis-
chief." They were a southern nation, whose early history
is involved in the deepest obscurity, and whose language
bore no affinity to that of any of the surrounding nations.
They were warlike, brave and energetic, and have ever
retained their national character and name, being to-day
a distinct people among the Indians of America. They
came from the Potomac, or near there, to Wyoming in
172.S, where they seemed to live in independence, and
preserve all their ])eculiar characteristics.
The Mahicans or Mohegans were the remnants of a
great n.ition, which had iheir hom-js and seit of power
on the Thames or Peipiot river, in Conn.'ciii'Ut. Those
living on the east of the river were known by the name of
Pequots; those on the west as Mohegans. Upon the
advance of the whites in their progress westward, the In-
dians were compelled to give way, and a part of this great
nation sought a home at Storkbridge, Mass., a part at
Shecomico, on the Hudson, and a part at Wyoming.
They are described by Miss Calkins, the historian of New
London, as "exceedingly fierce, warlike and crafty."
The exact date of their advent into the valley of Wyo-
ming is not known, but it is supjxjsed they arrived there
about the same time with the Shawanos, and may have
• been there a short time before them. They resided in
the upper i)art of the valley, on the west side, while the
Shawanos occupied the lower part of the valley, on the
same side.
In 1742 the Delaware Indians, a vassal nation of the
Iro<iuois, in consequence of their selling land anti other-
wise taking upon themselves the rights of a free and in-
dependent nation, were called to an account by the Iro-
tpiois, and on proof and confession of guilt were scverel)
rei)rimanded and transferred from their former seat and
jjlanted at Wyoming. This was at one time one of the
great nations into which the natives had been divided;
but in consetpience of their warlike spirit, and the inccs
sant wars in which they were involved with surrounding
nations, they became greatly reduced in numbers and
strength, and were finally conquered by the Iroquois,
and to keep them in subjection were reduced to the con-
dition of vassals or slaves to their conquerors; "made
women of" as one of the orators expressed it.
In a few years after the planting of the Delawares a
Wyoming, in 1748, the Nanticokes, a tide water people,
a small member of the Algonquin family, having their seat
when the Kuropeans first met them on the eastern shore of
the Chesapeake, in Maryland, made their way to Wyoming,
following the course of the Sustpiehanna. They located
at the lower end of the valley, on the east side, princi-
pally, and the place was called from them Nanticoke.
There were about eighty of them, under a chief Ullumk-
,/iiiiiii. \ few of them went on up the river and settled
on the Chenango, whither the others followed in 1757.
There were other tribes or remnants of tribes of In-
dians neighborsto Wyoming, whose names are connected
4>
^h^
f
32
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
with her history, but no organized body or considerable
number of them ever inhabited there. These were known
as Mingoes, Oanaways or Conoys, Turkeys, Turtles or
Tuteloes, and Minsies or Minisinks and Muncies.
It will thus be seen that from the time the Iroijuois
concjuered and drove out the Candastogas, Wyoming and
its region around about, particularly on the Susquehan-
na, was used as a penal colony or place of banishment
for the remnants of tribes which the Iroquois conquered
in their raids upon neighboring and even distant tribes
in their predatory excursions, and a place of refuge for
those who sought their favor and protecting care. It was
so used when the white man first trod its soil, and so con-
tinued in ])art for many years.
No sooner had the white man become ac(|uainted with
Wyoming than it became the object of his deep solici-
tude. While one saw in it a ])lace of trade, with great
profit, another saw in it a place to propagate the gospel
free from the fetters and restraints that bind and contiol
nations that already have fi.xed establishments of trade
and religion. Trade was opened herein 1737 or sooner,
and in 1741 Rev. John Sergeant, of the Indian mission
school at Stockbridge, Mass., came to Wyoming, ac-
companied by some Mohegans, to preach the gospel to
the few of that nation and the Shawanos at that point.
They were not favorably received, and after making
known his mission and jjreaching a short sermon, " he
offered to instruct them further in the Christian religion,
but they rejected his offer with disdain. They reproached
Christianity. They told him the traders would lie, cheat,
and debauch their women, and even their wives, if their
husbands were not at home. They said further that the
Senecas had given them their country, but charged them
withal never to receive Christianity from the English."
Mr. Sergeant returned home without pressing the subject
further upon their attention.
In the fall of the next year Nicholas Lewis, Count Von
Zinzendorf, after he had been but nine months in the
country, set out on a mission to the Indians at Shamokin,
and particularly to the Shawanese at Wyoming, where he
arrived on the 13th of October. His reception was any-
thing but friendly. The Shawanese were suspicious of
the object of his visit among them. He had pitched
his tent at a point where it was said a mine of silver ore
was located. They suspected that to be the true object
of his mission, and as they had made known to Mr. Ser-
geant the year before that they did not want to receive
Christianity, they strongly suspected his purpose to be
other than that which he professed. Painted with red
and black, each with a large knife in his hand, wliich was
brandished in a threatening manner, they came in crowds
around the tent, again and again wakening fearful echoes
with their wild whoops and halloos.
One fine sunny day, as the disciple sat on the ground
within his tent, looking over his jjapers that lay scattered
around him, and as the rest of his party were outside,
Mack, his companion and attendant, observed two blow-
ing or hissing adders basking at the edge of the tent.
Fearing they might crawl in he moved toward them, in-
tending to dispatch them. They were, however, too
quick for him. They slijiped into the tent, and gliding
over the disciple's thigh disappeared among his papers.
On examination it was found that the count had been sit-
ting near the mouth of their den. He wrote some verses
in commemoration of this incident The Indians, in all
such cases o\er superstitious, saw a protecting power
exercised in behalf of the disciple in this event, and be-
came somewhat more tractable and disposed to have
communication with him; liut they liad made up their
mind that the white man was bad generally, and they did
not want any of his religion. He left the valley in the
early part of November, and arrived in Bethlehem, by
way of Shamokin, on the 8th of the month. He did not
feel sufficiently encouraged to rejieat his visit.
On the 2nd of October, 1744, Rev. David Brainard, an
Indian missionary, making his home about the forks of
the Delaware, or just above, set out on a mission to the
Indians on the Susquehanna. On the 5th of October he
says: '"We reached the Susquehanna river at a place
called Opeholhaupung or Wapwallopen, and found there
twelve Indian houses. After I had saluted the king in a
friendly manner, I told him my business, and that my
desire was to teach them Christianity. After some con-
sultation the Indians gathered and I preached to them."
They appeared willing to be taught and he preached to
them several times. On the 9th of October he set out
on his journey home. He preached to the Indians on
the 5 th, 6th and 8th. It is said by some that on this
journey he made a call at NVyoming, but it is (piite evi-
dent from his journal, which does not mention that as
having been the case, that Ite did not visit NV'yoming, his
time being fully taken up at Opeholhaupung. He after-
ward visited Shamokin and the Juniata, but never visited
Wyoming.
Nothing more is known of the Indians in Wyoming
until in 1753. In that year about three hundred persons
in Connecticut, " being desirous to enlarge his Majesty's
English settlements in North America, and further to
spread Christianity — as also to promote their own tem-
poral interests," agreed, through a committee, "to re-
pair to a certain tract of land lying on the Susquehanna
river, at or near a ]jlace called Chi-wau-muck, in order
to view said tract of land and to purchase of the natives
there inhabiting their title and interest to said tract of
land," &c.
In pursuani e of this agreement the committee ap-
pointed proceeded to Wyoming in the fall of that year,
examined the lands, and had a talk with the Indians in-
habiting there. They learned from them that they were
not the owners of the land, but that it belonged to the
Six Nations, and they were occupying it at the will and
sufferance of those nations; and consecpiently the com-
mittee returned without negotiating a purchase. About
this time the British government, on account of the
troubles existing and growing between them and France,
were turning their attention to the Indians of this local-
ity, but particularly the Six JSfations. " At Albany, on
the 19th day of June, 1754, assembled the memorable
TRRATIKS Wnn IIIK INDIANS.
^^
congress of commissioners from every colony north of
the Potomac. The \'irginia government, too, was repre-
sented by the ]5residing officer, Delancey, the iiciitenani-
governor of New York. They met to concert measures
of defence, and to trenl with the Six Nations and the
tribes in the alliance." li was at this council that the
representatives of the promoters of a settlement at Wyo-
ming, now numbering about nine hundred persons, on the
I nil day of July, 1754, iierfected a purchase and obtained
from the Six- Nations a deed for the coveted lands at
Wyoming — the boundaries of which are thus set forth:
" Beginning from the one and fortieth degree of north
latitude, at ten miles east of the Sus(|uehanna river, and
from thence with a northward line ten miles east of the
river to the end of the forty-second or beginning of the
forty-third degree of north latitude; and so to extend west
two degrees of longitude, one huudred and twenty miles,
and from thence south to the beginning of the forty second
degree, and from thence east to the above mentioned
boundary, which is ten miles east of the Susquehanna
river." The commissioners of Pennsylvania, while at
Albany, succeeded on the 6th of July in getting the In-
dians to execute a deed to them for a tract of land be-
tween the Blue Mountain and tlie forks of the Susque-
hanna river at Shamokin.
The Connecticut people in 1755, the next year after
their purchase, sent a party of surveyors on under the
charge of John Jenkins to make a survey of their ])ur
chase. In conseipience, however, of the war between
the British and French, in wliich the Indians had been
induced to take sides with the one party or the other,
numerous |)arties of hostile Indians were passing and re-
passing through the valley, up and down and to and fro,
so tha^ it was dangerous to pursue the work; and after
taking the latitude and longitude, and making an exami-
nation of the country, the party returned home to await
the issue of the pending hostilities before proceeding
with the project of settlement. So numerous were these
parties that the attention of the authorities was directed
toward their movements during this year, and a map of
the country was made, on which were located the Indian
paths and places of rendezvous through and from which
they were supposed to sally forth on their work of blood
and destruction; the following note, dated March 14th,
1756, accompanying the maps:
" fircnt Swiunp lies abmit Wl inilps W. S. \V. f iimi •'a.shiiotunk, or Sta-
tion roinl; from llctlilcliPTii aliout 4."> miles .N. N. W.: from (iiiadonhut-
Ipii about :ii iiiilcs .\. somethins W. Tins swamp lii.'S Just over the
mountains whirh Kvans calls Casliuctunk Mountains, and is i'l miles
from \. to S.. anil l.i from E. to W. Tho Ilctlik-hi'in people sn.v four or
live hundred Imlians keep in this swamp, ami from thenee 'tis imatfincd
the.v send out parties to destroy the settlements. Shamokin Meson Sus-
quehanna river, at the mouth of the east hranoh, on the east side of the
Iminch. Ncscopeek. the next Indian town on the ejist side of the .same
ImuK-h, is twent.v-llve miles from theuoo. Opoloponi; is another, live
miles distant. Wyomin^f is on the west side of the same lirnnih. ten
miles from Op(doponjf. .Matehasiunir is (m the east side of the snim'
l.ninch, distant from Wyoming' thirteen miles. Sfdoeka issl.x mihwfrom
thenee. on a creek that come-i out of the Great Swamp, ami this place is
distant from the swamp eighteen miles: thonee to Cinowdowsn. on the
K. side of E tiraneh, is live miles. From thiMie:- to Owejjy. the next In-
dian settlement. Is forty-seven miles; from thence to i>,sewin»fo Is ei){h-
t«oii miles, and from thenee there are no Indian towns on the E. lininch
of Susipiehanna. according to Evans, until you come to UnochgenKfC
[now Windsor, liroome e iinty, N. Y.]. distant fr(^(n O.sewiniro twe/vo
miles. The (iniit .'<wanip is forly-twii mlkM S. rnini I )nochir<>nise ; iind
'tis n-markalili' that Ihi-siluritlon of nil Ihew Indian towns is aueh it'
i-emlers It hivhiy proluilile ih it they rende/vou« III the iin-«i Swamp. "■
Mir' hlirhesi p'iri ofli la iiui sliiiM'H inlleidlsiunl fnim thi- .ii»i linin. Ii.
Mini 'lis not liiil alioiil sixty-live inlli-H fniin .shamokin to ilii- tutii' -'
parlor the swamp, and Himo-t nil Ih- way l>y water Ihniiiich ihe ..i-i
linineh. This swamp, nnd Ihe Indian towns on Ihe K Imineh of the
Sus<piehaniia. should Im- atluektsl at the mine lime, nnd tin' parlies that
allaek Ihi' latter shoiilrl iro stronx.as Ihey may p issilily mwt Ihe enein>
llvinif from Ihe swamp to their Hetth-inenlx, forlhi-lr own nnd ilienufi'iy
of ihi'ir wives and children."
Ihe hostile temper and situation of the Indians inanti
about Wyoming began at this time to become a matter of
serious alarm, and efforts were made by the I'ennsylvania
authorities to aci|uire their friendship and bring them
into alliance on terms of mutunl protection. On the 8th
of November, 1756, the different Indian tribes, repre-
sented by their chiefs and princip.il warriors, met Ciov-
ernor Dennie at Easton, where a council was opened in
a dignified and friendly manner
Teedyuscung, the Oelaware chief, a lusty, raw-boned
Indian, haughty and very desirous of respect and com-
mand, who had been accoinpanied from Wyoming by
most of his principal warriors, assumed the part of chief
speaker. He supported the rights and claims of the
Indians, and detailed their grievances with great spirit
and dignity; but assured the council that the Indians were
glad to meet the F^nglish as friends, and to smoke
the pipe of peace with them, and hoped that justice
would be done to them for all the injuries they had re-
ceived. Governor Dennie assured the Indians that he
was happy to meet them as friends, and would ende.ivor
to do them full justice for all the wrongs they had suf-
fered, and prevent future injuries. This council continued
in session nine days. All matters of difference were
considered, and the Delawares and Shawnese. the princi-
pal tribes present, became reconciled to the English, with
whom they concluded a treaty of peace. 'I'his gave peace
to Wyoming, vt'hich continued until the close of the
French war in 1763.
No means were neglected to regain the friendship and
co-operation of the Six Nations, and presents having been
liberally distributed, a grand council of all the Indian
tribes was held bv special invitation, at Easton. in Octo-
ber, 175S. • The governors of Pennsylvania and New Jer-
sey and Sir Willi.im Johnson were present, with other emi-
nent citizens; Teedyuscung attended. On the way he
fell in with the chief who had commanded the expedition
against Cinadenhutten and Fort .Mien. High words arose
between them, when Teedyuscung raised his hatchet and
laid the chief dead at his feet. At the conference Teed-
yuscung took a decided lead in the debate on the side
of peace. The conference last fourteen days, and all
causes of misunderstanding being remov-jd a general
peace was concluded on the 26th of October.
Peace now seemed to be fully assured between the
colonists and the Indians, but the Indian nature is such
that it is peace with them only when peace prevails, and
when there is war they must have a hand in. Scenes ol
blood and plunder were the delight of their souls, and
when an opportunity offered for them to take part in such
scenes it was iiuite impossible to restrain them from do-
■I
34
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
ing so. Tliey were fond of receiving presents, and were
constantly seeking and bringing forward some excuse on
which to demand them of the wliites. The most jirolific
source of complaint on their part toward the whites on
which to base n claim for presents was a pretended mis-
understanding of the boundaries of the grants of land
which they had made, though it must be ronfessed that
theircoiiiplaints were too frequently well founded. They
were fond, too, of treaties and the feast that attended
them, particularly the abundant supply of into.xicating
drink that was furnished at the close, which they drank
with great voracity, guzzling it down as long as they were
able to stand.
About this time a new interest was awakened among
the Moravians and Quakers upon the subject of religion
among the Indians. Papoonhank, a Monsey chief,
founder of the Indian town of Wyalusing, in his inter-
course with the whites had learned something of their
religion; and after a visit to Philadelphia, where he had
been kindly and fairly treated by the (Quakers, and been
impressed strongly by their brotherly affection and kind-
ness, on his return home set to work to impress his people
with the importance of their becoming a Christian i)eople,
and esjjecially that they should become sober and indus-
trious if they would be prosperous and happy. His work
did not bring forth rich fruits, although it laid the foun-
dation for important results.
In May, 1760, Christian Frederick Post, a Polish
Prussian by birth and the most adventurous of Moravian
missionaries, when on his way to a grand council of the
western Indians spent a night at Papoonhank's village
and preached to the Indians there. This was on the 20th
of May, and was probably the first sermon preached by a
white man in that locality. While Papoonhank was
pleased at the visit and the opportunity afforded his
people for hearing the gospel, owing to a diversity of view
among them as to who should bring the gospel to them,
some being Moravians, but most favoring the Quakers,
the sermon served rather to unsettle than to settle their
views upon the subject. While Papoonhank himself fa-
vored the (Quakers, Job Chilaway, a native of the country
about Little Egg Harbor, an intelligent and influential
Indian, whose wife was a sister to Nathaniel and Anthony,
two Moravian converts residing a little below Tunkhan-
nock, favored the Moravians.
This unsettled condition of affairs lasted for some time
without being resolved, and was the subject of much
earnest reflection and debate. At length the brethren at
Bethlehem despatched Zeisberger, an eminent and zealous
missionary, to the town to ascertain the prospect for in-
troducing the gospel there. Accompanied by Anthony
he reached the town on the evening of the 23d of May,
1763. Papoonhank received them in his lodge, and thither
his people flocked to hear the gospel. They continued
here until the 27th, when they set out for Bethlehem, bear-
ing to the brethren the earnest and cordial invitation from
the whole town that they would speedily send a religious
teacher to reside among them.
On the loth of June Zeisberger returned again, taking
Nathaniel with him, arriving at AVyalusing on the even-
ing of the 17th, and was welcomed by Pajioonhank anil
his people. On the 26th Papoonhank was baptized and
named John. In the evening another Indian was baptized
and named Peter. These were the first who were sub-
jects of that ordinance in this region. On the 27th, by
invitation, he visited Tawandamunk and preached to the
Indians there. Here an awaking took place and the gos-
pel was received with eagerness.
But the good work was interrupted. On the 30th a
runner arrived with a letter from Bethlehem recalling
Zeisberger. He obeyed with reluctance.
The war that had been j^revailiiig for some years in
other quarters began to develop itself along the frontier
settlements of Pennsylvania, particul'rly along the Sus-
quehanna; and the whites and their Indian friends were
compelled to seek safety in the more populous regions
and abandon their frontier homes.
About the time of Zeisberger's first visit John Wool-
man, of Burlington county, N. J., a tailor by trade and a
Quaker by religion, zealous for the welfare of suffering
and perishing humanity, had as he says, " for many years
felt a love in his heart toward the natives of this land>
who dwelt far back in the wilderness;" and being at
Philadelphia "in the 8th month," 1761, he fell in com-
pany with some of those natives who lived on the east
branch of the Susquehanna, " at an Indian town called
Wehaloosing," two hundred miles from Philadelphia. In
conversation with them through an interpreter, as also
by observation, he believed them measurably acquainted
with the divine power. At times he felt inward draw-
ings toward a visit to that place. An Indian and three
women from beyond that place being in Philadelphia, he
visited them in the 5th month, 1763, and with concur-
rence of friends in that place, agreed to join with them
as companions on their return. On the 7th of 6th month
they met at Samuel Foulks's, at Richland, in Bucks county.
After taking leave of his family and friends, he set out
on his journey. At Burlington he was joined by Israel
and John Pemberton, who accompanied him tha'. day.
Ne.xt morning Israel left him, and he and John proceeded
to Foulks's. Here Benjamin Parvin joined them, and
after William Lightfoot, of Pikeland, and they traxeled
together to Bethlehem.
On the loth of June they set out early in the morning.
They met on the way several Indians, men and women,
with a cow and a horse and some household goods, who
were lately come from their dwelling at Wyoming.
On the 13th they reached the Indian settlement at
Wyoming. About midnight before they got there an
Indian rimner came down from a town about ten miles
above Wehaloosing and brought news that some Indian
warriors from distant parts had come to that town with
two English scal])s, and told the |)eople that it was war
with the English. Hearing the news brought by the In-
dian warriors, and being told by the Indians where they
lodged that what Indians were about Wyoming expected
to move in a few days to some larger towns, he thought
it dangerous traveling at that time.
INDIAN MISSIONS ON THP: SUSQUEHANNA.
35
On the 14th he sought out and visited all the Indians
that they could meet with in Wyoming, they being chielly
in one place, about a tnile from where they lodged — in
all perhaps twenty. Some of them understood English
and were kind and friendly. He set out and went up the
river about three miles, to the house of an Indian named
Jacob January, who had killed his dog, and the wo-
men were making store of bread and preparing to move
up the river. Here he put his baggage in a canoe, which
some of his party pushed slowly up the stream, and the
rest rode on horses, which they swam across a creek
called I,ahawahamunk, above which they |)itched their
tent.
On the i6th he fell in with Job (Jhilaway, an Indian
from Wehaloosing. Job told him that an Indian came to
their town and told them that three warriors, coming from
a distance, had lodged in a town above Wehaloosing a
few nights past, who were going against the English at
Juniata. Job was going down the ri\er to the province
store at Shamokin. On the 17th he reached Wehaloos-
ing about the middle of the afternoon. He says:
" Tho first Indian we saw was a woman of a moilest coiinttMiancc, with
a babe. Plio tirst .spoke to our truidi'. ami tbon, witli a harmonious \ oico,
cvpressed her Khidnc'ss at seeing us; liavinjf lieard bel'orchand of our
coming. Then by direetion of our jruide we sat down on a lojr. and lie
went to the town to tell the people we wereeome. Sittinj^ tlius together
tlie poor wtunan eanie and sat near us. .Vfter a while we heard a coneli
shell blow several times, and tlien came John Curtis and another Indian
man, who kindl.v invited us into a house near the town, wtiere we found,
I suppose, about sixty people sitting? in silenee. After sitting a short
time I stood up and in some tenderness of spirit ae<|\iainted them with
the nature of my visit, and that a eoneern for their Bood had made me
willing to come thus far to sec them. Then I showed tliem my certiH-
eate, which was e.vplained to them, and the .Moravian /eisbcrsfer, who
overtook us on the way, being now here, bade me welcome."
The next morning they had another meeting, at which
both Woolman and Zeisberger spoke, and VVoolman says:
" Our meeting ended with a degree of divine love. I
observed Fapunchang speak to one of the interpreters,
and I was afterward told that he said, ' / love to fi-cl where
liwnis come from' "
On the 2ist, after a very interesting visit, he set out to
return home. He thus speaks of the town: " This town,
Wehaloosing, stands on the bank of the Susquehanna
river, and consists, I believe, of about forty houses, mostly
compact together; some about thirty feet long and eigh-
teen wide, some bigger, some less; mostly built of split
plank, one end set in the ground and the other pinned to
a plate, on which lay rafters, and covered with bark."
Seven Indians accompanied him on his return, some in
canoes and some on horseback, and at night they arrived
below a branch called Tunkhannah. On the 22nd they
reached Wyoming, and understood that the Indians had
mostly gone from the place. The ne.xt day they loaded
their baggage, etc., on their horses, and started across the
mountain toward Fort .\llen,and thence down the Lehigh,
and arrived at Bethlehem on the 2Sth; on the 26th start-
ed for home, which he reached on the 27tli, finding all
well.
Zeisberger paid his first visit to the Indians in the ca-
pacity of an envoy on the part of Sir William Johnson
and Governor Hamilton, specially to Teedyuscung. On
the 1 6th of March, 1762, he left Christiansbrunn on horse-
back, and by nightfall reached the north part of the Blue
Mountains, where he foimd a large encampment of Dcla-
wares and Nantirokes. His heart was strangely stirred
as he sat again by a camp fire in the wilderness, with
members of that race around him to convert whom was
the e.\alted mission of his life.
The next morning he proceeded on his journey, taking
with him one of the Delawares as a guide, for the whole
country was covered with deep snow. After three da)s
of hard and perilous riding in forest obstructed by great
drifts, through snow banks from which it was almost im-
possible to extricate the horses, and in " weather," says
Zeisberger, " the severest I ever knew," he arrived at the
lodge of Teedyuscung. Having delivered his letters he
turned his attention to the converts of Wyoming. The
most of them had not heard the gospel preached since
the breaking out of the war. More than one backslider
was reclaimed, among them George Rex, who, on the
occasion of a subsequent visit to Nain, was readmitted to
the church. On the 24th he returned to Bethlehem, and
thence went to Philadelphia with the answer of Teedyus-
cung.
Near the close of autumn he visited Wyoming again,
accompanied by Gottlob Senseman. The dysentery was
raging in the valley, and many Indians were prostrated.
.Among them was .Abraham, the first convert. He had
sent an urgent request to Bethlehem: " Brethren, let a
teacher come to see me ere I die! " But the teacher
came too late; the aged Mahican had finished his course.
With his dying breath he had exhorted the Indians to re-
main faithful to Jesus.
In the same sjjirit George Rex passed away, admonish-
ing his people to avoid his evil example, and professing
a sure hope of eternal life. Zeisberger spent several days
in comforting the sick, and a new interest was awakened
among all the scattered converts of the valley.
In May of the year 1763, as we have narrated, Zeis-
berger again visited Wyoming to preach to the few nations
who were still in the valley, now grown to be few indeed.
.Among them Teedyuscung no longer had a place.
On the ni^ht of the 19th of April, while lying intoxi-
cated in his lodge, it was set on fire, and he perished in
the tlames. This was no doubt the cruel work of the
Iroquois warriors, whom he had offended by his proud
bearing at the colonial treaties at Easton.
Thus, by the death of their chief Abraham, the Mahi-
cans, and by the death of Teedyuccung the Delaware,
were bereft of their leaders and were broken u\< at Wyo-
ming. The Nanticokes some time before had moved up
into the State of New York, on the Chenango and Che-
mung rivers, and the Shawanese as a body had joined
their brethren in the west, and Wyoming was left with
only a few wandering Indians, making no pretence to
anything like an organized or even homogeneous body
Its Indian history therefore ends at this point, and a few
words in reference to the Wyalusing mission, and one or
two other matters, and this portion of the work is com-
plete.
Notwithstanding the numerous treaties ol peace and
4
36
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
the earnest efforts made to keep the Indians in friendly
relations, yet murders and the usual horrors of Indian
warfare were constantly occurring on the frontier, and
hence the inhabitants became deeply exasperated and
vowed \engeance against all Indians without discrimina-
tion. They had sought out the guilty parlies and de-
manded them from the Indians, but their guilt was de-
nied, their surrender refused, and no jiunishment was
dealt out to them. The Moravian brethren, becoming
aware of the feelings of the people, sought to protect the
converts at their mission stations, particularly those at
VVyalusing, from the impending wrath; and to that end as-
sembled them at Bethlehem and Nazareth, whence they
were removed to the neighborhood of Philadelphia for
greater safety, and camped on Province island, where
they were fed and sheltered at the expense of the Penn-
sylvania government. " Here they remained for fifteen
months, suffering untold hardships, insulted and reviled
by mobs, decimated by disease, scorned alike by whites
and Indians, a gazing stock both by reproaches and af-
flictions, yet they continued stedfast in their faith." After
having borne nearly one-half their number to the potter's
field, the remainder, eighty-three in all, left Philadelphia
March 20th, 1765, and in pursuance of intercession and
arrangements made in their behalf were permitted to loc-
ate again at Wyalusing. This was a favored and favorite
locality. Here lay rich hunting grounds in their original
wildness, while sufficient land was cleared to afford them
corn patches for immediate use. It was situated on the
Susquehanna, a stream abounding in the choicest fish,
and was on the great pathway between the North and
South and East and West.
" In the freedom of their forest homes ami tin- hunting grounds of
their fathers, hopeful tor the future, guided and encouraged by their
teachers, their hearts were filleci with gratitude and joy. The new town
which came into existence rang with the melod.\' of praise, oven while it
was l)eing built.
" On the -Ith of June the Indians began to erect dwellings, and at the
end of the month had com])letcd four log cabins and thirty bark-covered
huts. In September, at the close of the summer hunt, a commodious
meeting-house and a mission-honse fifteen feet square, built of unhewn
logs.were erected. At the close of the year there were connected with the
mission one hundred and forty-si.\ souls, of whom thirty-three were
communicants."— OY(/f.
This mission increased and flourished with varied suc-
cess; now disturbed by rivalry between the various Indian
chiefs, and now by conflicting views as to the doctrines
taught, and again by the favor or disfavor with which the
various teachers sent there were received. Added to this
was the stubborn fact that a life devoted to labor and the
cultivation of the earth, and the restraints imposed by a
settled, regulated society, were not suited to the Indian
nature; and we will not be astonished to learn that in the
spring of 1772 the mission of Friedenshuetten, at
Wyalusing, was abandoned, and those who had remained
faithful to it migrated under the directions of their spirit-
ual teachers to the west, settling at Schonbrunn, in the
Tuscarawas valley, on the Muskingum, in Ohio. Early
on the morning of the nth of June, 1772, they met in
their chapel for the last time for religious worship, when
they commended themselves to thekee|)ing and guidance
of God, asking him to supply their wants, that they might
perish not by the way.
" A few years since there was a feeble remnant of
Christian Indians, ministered to by Moravians, dwelling
at New Fairfield, Canada, and Westfield, Kansas. In the
veins of some of these there flows the blood of the Mahi-
cansand Delawaresof old Friedenshuetten, the ' deserted
village ' of the plains of VVyalusing."
A monument to mark the site of this Indian mission,
bearing fitting inscri[)tions, was erected under the auspices
of the Moravian Historical Society, and dedicated with
appropriate services on the site of the mission and at the
Presbyterian church at Wyalusing, June 14th and 15th,
187 1. This monument is thirteen feet high, and bears
the following inscriptions:
On the northern face —
"To mark the site of F'riedenshuetten ^M'chwihilu-
sing), a settlement of Moravian Indians between 1765
and 1772."
On the eastern face —
" This stone was erected on the 15th June, in the year
of Redemption 187 i, by members of the Moravian His-
torical Society."
While this mission at Wyalusing was more than ordin-
arily successful, it was not that complete success which
its founders had hoped and anticipated. It was all, how-
ever, that a careful study of the Indian character would
have led them to expect. The Indian, by nature, by
habits and by his native education and habit of thought,
was not calculated for a (juiet, industrious and religious
life. His wild nature, his love of the chase and his de-
light in predatory excursions made him uneasy and un-
settled; while labor was more irksome to him than to the
whites, and even they resort to every possible expedient
to eke out a subsistence rather than to labor. Labor is
the last resort, the extreme service which they pay to
their necessities, and with them hunting and fishing and
tramping around yield delights that successful labor fails
to bring.
And then the Indian religion was so different from the
Christian, so much easier understood and practiced, and
called upon them for so many less labors and sacrifices,
that it is not wonderful that they received the latter
slo'wiy — conformed to it more slowly and yielded obe-
dience to its requirements only at the last extremity. In
consequence of these hindrances to the enjoyment
of a Christian life the Indians, one by one or in parties,
were constantly withdrawing from the missions, and seek-
ing their native freedom of action and thought with the
wild tribes who were free from the shackles which a Chris-
tian life imposed. Even white men have done the same.
Zeisberger said: " Sorcerers abound among the aborigines'
cf our country. The majority of them are cunning jug-
glers, or self-deluded victims of superstition." Some ex-
isted by whom Satan himself worked " with all powers
and signs and lying wonders." He disbelieved the stories
he heard of what they could do until several of them were
converted. These unfolded to him things from their own
past experience which forced him to acknowledge the
^
*4>
THE SUSQUEHANNA COMPANY— THE MASSACRE Ol- 1763.
M
f
reality of Indian sorcery, and to adopt the opinion wliicli
was universal among the early church fathers that the
Gods of heathenism were not visionary beings represented
by idols, but Satanic powers and principalities, to wor-
ship whom was to worship demons and be under demon-
iacal influences. He refers to three kinds of native magic,
namely: the art of producing sudden death without the
use of poison; the inattapassigan, a deadly charm by which
e[)idemics could be brought upon entire villages, and
persons at .1 distance sent to their graves; and the
witchcraft of the kimochit'e, who passed through the air
by night, visiting towns, casting the inhabitants into an
unnatural sleep and then stealing what they wanted.
The story of the WyaUising mission has now been
briefly told, and in its telling the history of the Indians
at and in the territory of old Wyoming has drawn to a
close. The suffering of the New England pioneers at the
hands of the savages belongs to the early settlement of
the valley, and as such will be narrated in another con-
nection.
CHAPTER III.
Ol'F.R.-^TIONS OF THE SUSQUEH.^N N.\ CGMP.^NV THK
" PENXAMITE ANDYANK.ee" CONTEST.
'N 1753 an association called the Susquehanna
Company was formed in Connecticut for the
=^' purpose of settling the lands in the Wyoming
C:^ valley, and during the same year its agents
were sent to make explorations in the region.
During the next year an Indian council assembled
at Albany, and the agents of the company attended
this council for the purpose of extinguishing the Indian
title to these lands.
The proprietary government also sent agents to this
council to thwart, if possible, the designs of the Susque-
hanna Company; and James Hamilton, then governor of
Pennsylvania, wrote to Sir William Johnson soliciting
him to interpose his influence with the Six Nations (who
claimed the land, though the Delawares occupied it), and
prevent the sale.
Notwithstanding these efforts on the part of the gov-
ernor and his agents, the company's agents succeeded in
effecting a purchase, which included this valley. A pur-
chase had been made from the Indians by the proprietary
government in 1736 which it was claimed included this
territory; but this claim was disputed by the Connecticut
claimants.
The company was soon afterward chartered by the
Connecticut government, and at about this time the pro-
ject was conceived of making this, with other territory, a
separate province; but the hostile attitude of the Indians,
who were then under French influence, defeated its ac-
complishment.
After the cessation of hostilities preparations were
made to settle the valley by the Susquehanna Company,
and in 1762 about two hundred settlers established them-
selves in it, near the mouth of Mill creek, where they
cleared fields, sowed wheat and built log houses. Hav
ing done this, they returned to Connecticut, to make
preparations for bringing their families the next spring.
The people of Pennsylvania regarded with jealousy and
displeasure these energetic preparations for settlement,
and the governor, through Sir William Johnson, again
sought to influence the Iroquois to repudiate their sale to
the company in 1754. A deputation of the disaffected
Indians visited Hartford and protested against the occu-
pancy of this territory. The case was presented in Eng-
land by both parties, and opinions favorable to both sides
were obtained.
On the return of spring the Connecticut seiller.s, not-
withstanding the fact that they had been cautioned by the
governor of Connecticut against doing so, returned in
largely augmented numbers.with their families, to the set-
tlement; and during the summer made rapid progress, ex-
tending their settlement to the west side of the river.
In the autumn a party of Iroquois visited the valley,
and it was said for the double purpose of exciting in the
Delawares hostility to the settlers and getting rid of
Teedyuscung, a chief of whose large and growing in-
fluence among the Indians they were jealous; treacher-
ously murdered him and then induced among his sub-
jects the belief that the murder had been committed by
the settlers. The result was that these Uelawares fell
upon the inhabitants of the valley, killed some thirty antl
caused the precipitate flight of the rest, and plundered
and burnt the settlement. After severe sufTctings and the
death of many of their number the fugitives reached
Connecticut again; and thus for a time ended the attempt
by the Susquehanna Company to settle the valley. The
following are the names of a portion of those settlers:
Jolin Jenkins. John Conisliick. Kphnilm S*-*-!)'. Wllllmn Iliick. nilvir
Jewell, Oliver Smith. Diiviil Ilimevwell, l>ni Dean. Jonalhuii \V.><k-.
jr.. Ohadinh (inre. l->.4-kiel Tierce. rhtli|> We4>ks. l>Hiiii*l (f<tn>, Klkaiiuli
Fnller. Wright Stevens, Istuic I'nilerwood, ll4>niHiiiln .\!*liley. (ti<him
Lawrence. Isaae llennett. Stephen Iah*. Silns Parker, .tame;* A Iherlnn.
Moses Kimball, Kl»enezer Searlt^. Timolli.v ll<illi.ster. Nathaniel Terry.
Kphraim Tyler, Timothy llollisler.Jr.. Wrisrhl Smith. Kphruim Tyler. Jr..
Isaac llollister. jr.. .Nathanii*! Chapiniin. Jtihn Iiorrrtfic<\ Thiuniis Mtin«li.
Kov. W. .M. .>farsh, Timothy Smith, Matthew Smith. Joiiiith lu Slocuni.
Ilcnjaniin l>avi'<. Ilinjnmin Kollctl. lieiirtre MlniT. Nathaniel Kollinier.
Itenjamin ShoiMnaker. Nathaniel lliirllait. Simon liraper. .Simiiel
Kicharils. John Smith, Diiniel lialilwln. Stephen (ianliner, Kllphnlet
Stevens, David Marvin, AuKuat Hunt, rnschall Tcrry,Wllltum Slcphen!>.
Thoinits B*'tinet.
Killed by the Indians October 15th, 1763 : Rev. Wil-
liam Marsh, Thomas Marsh, Timothy Hollister, Timothy
Hollister, Jr., Nathan Terry, Wright Smith. Daniel Halii-
win and wife, Jesse Wiggins, Zeruah Whitney, Isaac
Hollister. Prisoners : Shepherd and Daniel Baldwin's
son.
In 1768, at the general Indian council which assembled
at Fort Stanwix, the proprietaiies purchased from the
Indians the territory which was in dispute, and some of
the chiefs executed to them a deed for it. The Indians
were ready to sell their land as many times as the whites
were willing to pay them for it.
Early in the next year the Susquehanna Company re-
1
-=^^
38
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
s jIved to resume possession of these lands. Five town-
ships, each five miles square, were divided each into fort)'
shares, to be given to the first forty settlers in each of
these townships ; and two hundred pounds sterling were
appropriated for the purchase of agricultural implements.
Forty settlers were sent to the valley in February, to be
followed by two hundred in the spring. On their arrival
they found that the Pennsylvanians had shortly before
taken possession of their former improvements and erected
a block house for their defense. They had also divided
the valley into tlie manors of Stoke on the eastern^ and
Sunbury on the western side of the river 1. The Yankees'
soon after their arrival, invested the Pennamite block
house, with its little garrison, but they- were outw-itted by
the latter, who, under the pretext of a desire to consult
and arrange their difficulties, induced three of the leaders
among the Yankees to enter the block house and imme-
diately arrested them. They were taken to the jail at
Easton, but were at once released on bail and returned.
This was followed by other arrests of Connecticut set-
tlers, and the release on bail of the persons arrested. In
the spring the other settlers arrived ; constructed a fort
on the east bank of the river, near the bend below the
bridge at Wilkes-Barre, which they named Fort Durkee,
in honor of its commander ; erected log houses, and
prosecuted their improvements with energy. The Penn-
sylvania claimants, finding themselves largely outnum-
bered, after one or two ineffectual attempts to dispossess
the Yankees left them for a short period without mo-
lestation. In this interval overtures were made by tlie
settlers for a settlement of the controversy, but the pro-
prietaries refused to negotiate. Early in September the
I'ennamites came with a large force headed by the sheriff
of Northampton county, took Colonel Durkee and several
others prisoners, expelled the Yankees, and, regardless of
a solemn pledge to respect the rights of property, plun-
dered the settlement. The year 1769 closed with the
Pennsylvanians in possession of the valley.
In February, 1770, the Yankees, together with a num-
ber of men from Lancaster, where some shareholders of
t'.ie Susquehanna Company resided, again appeared in the
valley, and dispossessed the Pennamites. To accomplish
this they found it necessary to fire on and besiege a block
liouse in which the latter took refuge, and during the hos"
tilities, which lasted several days, one of the Yankees
was killed, and several were wounded. The Pennsylva-
nians were compelled to capitulate and leave the valley in
possession of the Yankees. Settlers came again, crops
were jdanted, and during the summer they were not dis-
turbed!
It must be remembered that at this lime difficulties
were arising between the colonies and Great Britain, and
the power and influence of the colonial governors were
on the wane. The authority of the ])roprietary governor
of Pennsylvania declined more rapidly than that of the
governors of other provinces, because of the differences
between them and the people with regard to the taxation
of the proprietary estates, and for other reasons; and in-
asmuch as the question of title was between the people
from Connecticut and these proprietaries, the sympathies
of the people in other parts of the province with these
governors were not as active as would otherwise have been
the case. After the explusion of Captain Ogden and the
Pennamites from the valley in the spring of 1770, (}over
nor Penn called on General Gage to furnish regular
troops to reinstate him in possession of the valley, alleg-
ing that there was no militia in the province on which he
could call. General Gage quite properly declined to al-
low the use of the king's troops in a mere dispute con-
cerning the title to property, and Governor Penn was
compelled to raise forces by his personal exertions, which
he finally succeeded in doing. He had in June issued a
proclamation forbidding any intrusion on the lands in
question, and in September his forces, numbering 1401
under Captain Ogden, marched to the valley for the os-
tensible purpose of enforcing this proclamation. They
entered the valley by an unusual route, divided iu de-
tachments and surprised the men while at work. They
captured a portion, and put the rest to flight. At night
they made a sudden assault on the fort, which was con-
fusedly filled with men, women and children; and after
killing a few made prisoners of the rest, and soon after-
ward sent them to prison at Easton, except a few, who
were taken to Philadelphia. They then plundered the
settlement and withdrew, leaving a small garrison in Fort
Durkee. In the following December this garrison was
surprised and the fort retaken by Captain Lazarus Stew-
art, at the head of a party of Lencastrians, with a few
Yankees. Such of the garrison as did not escape were
expelled from the valley.
A month later, or in January, 1 771, Captain Ogden
again appeared in the valley, with the sheriff of North-
ampton county and a posse, for the arrest of Captain
Stewart. Admission to the fort was demanded and re-
fused. The fort was finally fired on by Captain Ogden,
and the fire was returned, killing Nathan Ogden, his
brother, and woundmg several of his men. During the
ensuing night the fort was evacuated by Captain Stewart,
and the next day was occupied by Captain Ogden.
For six months the valley remained in possession of
the Pennsylvanians, during which time their number was
augmented till it reached a total of eighty-three.
In July of the same year Captain Zebulon Butler and
Lazarus Stewart, with seventy Connecticut men, entered
the valley and at once took measures to repossess it
They besieged and closely invested Fort Wyoming, which
had been built and occupied by Captain Ogden, about
sixty rods above Fort Durkee. Notwithstanding the close
and vigilant investment of the fort by the besiegers, whose
number was constantly augmented by recruits from Con-
necticut, Captain Ogden by a bold and cunning stratagem
escaped alone and went to Philadelphia for assistance.
An expedition was sent for that purpose, but it was am-
bushed by the vigilant besiegers and its supplies were
captured, though a portion of the men were allowed to
enter the fort. The besieged managed to send another
message for assistance, but the supplies of the garrison
failed, and it capitulated when the detachment for its
^h
THE SETTI.KRS FROM CONNECTIcrT--" I'LUNKKTTS HATTI.E
i'l
relief was within u-n miles of the fort. During the siege
several of the garrison were killed and a ninnher were
wounded, and among the latter Captain Ogden himself
severely. The loss of the besiegers is not known. During
the remainder of the summer and autumn the settlers
from Connecticut increased largely and made ample prep-
arations for defense, but during the succeeding four years
they were not again disturbed by hostile incursions.
This interval of peace was also one of prosperity and
happiness. The settlement received accessions of im-
migrants from Connecticut; churches and schools were
established; and when it appeared that there was no
prospect of establishing a separate colony, or of being
immediately recognized by the (General .Assembly of Con-
necticut as a portion of that colony and enjoying the pro-
tection and benefit of its laws, the i)eople adopted a gov-
ernment of their own, which was in all respects purely
democratic — the legislature consisting of an assembly of
all the people. Efforts were made by the settlers to effe< 1
a reconciliation with the proi)rietary government, but all
overtures were rejected. 'J"he General Assembly of Con-
necticut also made an effort to negotiate a settlement, and
sent commissioners to Philadelphia for that purpose, luit
CJovernor Penn declined to entertain their propositions.
The General Assembly then submitted the case to eminent
counsellors in England, and an opinion in favor of the
company was given.
The Legislature of Connecticut then, in 1773, adopted
a resolution asserting the jurisdiction of the colony and
expressing a determination to maintain it. On applica-
tion of the company the territory was declared to be a
part of the colony of Connecticut, erected into the town
of Westmoreland and attached to the county of Litchfield
The laws of Connecticut superseded those which had
been adopted by the settlers, and the town was represented
in the General Assembly of Connecticut. Proclamations
were issued by the proprietary governor and by the gov-
ernor of Connecticut, each forbidding any settlement
under the authority of the other.
The following are names of settlers who were enrolled
prior to 1773; those of the forty who settled in Kingston
in 1769 being marked with an asterisk:
David Whittlesey, Jot) r,reeii, Pliilip Goss. .rosliiia Wliitney, .\l)nihiiiii
Savjijfo. lCljfne7.er Stearns, Sylvester Ctieesebroiijrli. Zfphiiniiili Tluiyer,
Eliplmlel .lewel, Daniel Oore, Ozia.s Vale, Ilowlaml llailini. Ilemy Wall*,
(iicleim T.awrenee. .\sa Lawrenee. Nathaniel Wat^iin. I'liilip Weelis.
Thonias Weeks, Aslier Ilarnit, Klienezer Ilelibanl, Mmwin ( ■ai\ an, Sam-
mi .Maiv in. Silas C.me. I'.lienezcr NuilliiDp. .Joshua l.ainpher, .losepli
llillnian, .\liel fierce, .laliez Hobert.s, .Innalhan ('arrinKlDn. Juhn I)(ir-
lanee. Xoah Allen, Uol)ert .laekson, Zelinlun llawksey, James Dnnkiii.
Caleb Tennant.Zernbabel Wiijhtnian.tiurdDn Ilnpson, Asa I.ee, Thunuis
Walworth. Koliert Hunter. .Inhn linker, Jonathan Orins. Daniel .Vnifcl.
I'.lias Hoberts. Nicholas Manvil. Thomas Cray, .loseph Gaylonl. William
I hnrchill. Henry Strong-, Zebiilon Ki.stiee. Ile/.ekiah Knap. John Kenyon,
Treservi'd Taylor, Isiuie Hennett, Uriah Marvin, .Kbisha IlinKhain, Moses
Itebbaril, jr.. Jaliez Fisk, I'eris lirij-'l-'s. .\aron Walker. James May. Sani-
nel llailfer. Jatiez Cooke, .Samuel T)orranci', ,Iohn Conistock*. Samuel
I lotehkiss. William I.eonanl, Jes.-e Leonard. Klisha .\\ ery. Kzni Huid,
<;ershom Hewit, Nathaniel (Joss. Itenjamin lleHit. llenjainin Hewit, Jr.,
i;iias Thomas. Abijah Mock, Kphraim Fellows. J. and K. Arnold. Itenjamin
Ashley, William White. Stephen Hull, Diuh Hull, .loseph !.«•, SiimucI
Wyl>rant. Keiiben Hurltnirt, Jenks Corah. Obadiah Gore. Jr.. Caleb
White, Samuel Sweet, Thomas Knight. John Jollee. Etienezi'r Norton,
l-;nos Yale, John Wyley, Timothy Vorei-, Cyrus Kenncy, .lohii Shaw,
James Korseythc, Peter Harris, .\tiel Smith. Klia« Parks. Joshua .Max-
field, John .Murphy, Thomas Uennet*,ChrisIopher.Vvery, Klisha Ilal)cock,
John Perkins, Joseph Slocum, Uobcrt Hopkins, n<.-iijamln Shoemaker,
Jr., Jabe/SIII, Pamhall Terry, J<din Di'lonir. TheophlUn- We»to\er». John
Slerlliiir, Jowpli Morw, Stephen Fuller, .\mlrew liurkee, .Vndrew Mi->l
iiiir, Daniel llrowii. Jiinalimn lluek.Du\ld Mead.Thonuio Ferlln, William
Wailsworlh. Thomas Draiier. .lami-s Smith. Jnmi'« .\therlon*. Jr., ttllM-r
Smith*, .lanu's Kvaiis. l-tletiMT Carey. Cytirlan lj»lliro(>*, .laine* Ne«littt,
Joseph Web-ter, Samuel .Mllllnulon. Ih'njumln llu<ld. John l^-e. JikIuIi
Dean. Zophur Tih il. Mo<M"* HeblHird. Daniel M unlock. Noah !,<'<'. Stephen
l^-e. Dinilcl HayiHi'. 1.1'inuel Sndth. Slla« Park. Sh-phen Hnnverfonl.
Zerubabel Jeorum*. Comfort lio^i. William Drii|Mr. Tlioina« MH'lun-.
Peter .^yres. .Solomon .lohnson. Phlneas Siexcnn, .\bnihatn Colt. Klljah
lluck*, Noah Id-ad. Nathan lleacli. Job (iri'en. Jr , Froleriek Wlw, Sli-
pheii .lenklns, Daniel Mar\ In. Zacharlah S<|uler, Henry WIm', Slnii-<in
Draper*. Jidui Wall«worth. l:i>enewr Stone, Thoinna Oleolt. Stephen
llin-ilale, llenjamln Don'hc-sler, Klljah Wilier, <>|l\er Po«t. Daniel <'««..
I")iae Trai-t'y, Samuel Story, John .Mllehcl. Samuel (Irliai, Chrlnloplier
Gardm-r. Duty Gerold, IN-rN linidrord. Samuel Morinin. John Clark.
Klljah Lewis. Timothy llopklii''. Kilward Johii'-i'ii. Jueidi Dlnidiian.
Captain Prince .-Mden, llenedlel Siitterlee. N'aidad Coleman. Pelcr Com-
stock,John Franklin, llenjamln Matthews. Jidin liurk<-<', Wlllluni Gal-
lop, Slejihen llurlbut, Stephen Mlli-s and l->.ra iK'un.
The colonists in the valley enjoyed two years more of
repose and prosperity. About (he year 1771 a settle-
ment was made by Connecticut people at Muncy. on the
west branch of the Susquehanna, about sixty miles above
its confluence'with the east branch at Northuinberl.md. In
September, 1775, this settlement was attacked by a force
of Northumberland militia, commanded by rolonel I'lim-
kett. One man was killed, several were wounded, and
the rest of the settlers were made prisoners and taken to
Sunbury. At about the same time some boats from
Wyoming, as thev were descemling the river, were at-
tacked and |)lundered by the Pennsylvanians.
Because of these acts the people of Northumberland
were apprehensive that the Yankees might make a de-
scent on .Sunbury, burn the town and liberate the pris
oners ; and one of the consequences of this apprehension
was the organization of a force for the invasion and sub-
jugation of the Wyoming valley. This force was raised
by Colonel Plunkett, under orders from Governor Penn.
and consisted of seven hundred men well armed and
furnished with ample supplies. In December, 1775, this
force ascended the river in boats to the Nanticoke
rapids, where it disembarked and passed on the west
side of the river through the gorge by which the Susque
hanna escapes from the Wyoming valley. Near the
point where the gorge opens into the valley Colonel
Plunkett found the vigilant Yankees, posted in an advan-
tageous position and protected by breastworks; and,
though inferior in numbers, they gave his forces surh a
warm reception that they fell back, with the loss of some
killed and wounded. .A boat was then brought up anil
an attempt was made by Colonel Plunkett to cross the
river. In anticipation of this movement Colonel Zebulon
Butler, who commanded the force in the valley, had
stationed a party of men under Lieutenant Stewart in
ambush on the east side of the river ; and these gave the
party in the boat, as it attempted to land, a volley whii h
wounded several and killed a dog. Finding every ap-
proach to the valley guarded, the forces of Colonel Plun-
kett fell back to their boats, .1, in.U.ncd the expedition
and relumed to their homes
.\t this time the Revolutionary w.ir had lu-
and during its continuance the contest lor the 1
of this valley was suspended. It was renewed, however,
immediatclv after the surrender of Cornwallis.
<^H4-
4^
40
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
It will be remembered that in 1776 the proprietary
government was superseded by that of the State, and on
the cessation of hostilities the Supreme Executive
Council at once petitioned Congress to adjust the ([ues-
tion of jurisdiction. A board of commissioners was ap-
pointed for that purpose, and after a long session at
Trenton they decided, in December, 1782, that the juris-
diction belonged to Pennsylvania, and that Connecticut
had " no right to the land in controversy." Soon after-
ward magistrates and troops were sent into the valley,
and measures were taken to dispossess the settlers of their
lands and improvements. The settlers claimed that only
the jurisdiction of the territory had been decided by the
decree at Trenton, and that the titles of individuals to the
soil were not affected thereby. The conduct of the sol-
diers and magistrates was from the first exceedingly
arrogant and oppressive, and as time went on the people
came to regard endurance as no longer a virtue and re-
solved on forcible resistance. Upon this they were treated
as insurgents, and on the 12th of May, 1784, they were
plundered of their property a..d one hundred and fifty
families were driven from the valley. Such was the
cruelty with which they were treated that the sympathies
and indignation of the people in other parts of the State
were aroused; the soldiers were discharged and the set-
tlers invited to return. Many of the discharged soldiers
lingered in the valley, living by plunder, and on the 20th
of July a party of them attacked some of the settlers, kill-
ing two and wounding several. This was followed by
hostilities toward the Yankees, which were resisted by
them. In the course of the summer and autumn several
engagements took place between the settlers and the
military forces which were sent against them, in which
several were killed and wounded. The people of the
State became weary of this contest, and their sympathies
became more actively enlisted in behalf of the inhabitants
of the valley. By the middle of October the hostile
force in the valley numbered only for^y men, and so un-
popular and e\en odious had the proceedings against the
people there become that not a recruit could be induced to
join them. On the approach of winter the commander of
these forces, finding himself unable to procure either sup-
plies or recruits, discharged his men and abandoned the
valley. Thus ended the last military demonstration
against the people of Wyoming.
During the succeeding two years the people were pros-
perous and happy, and the population rapidly increased
by the influx of immigrants not only to the valley but to
the circumjacent regions.
The territory now included in Wyoming and Lacka-
wanna counties had become settled to some extent along
the valleys of the two principal streams and their tribu-
taries. These regions, however, had not been the scene
of hostilities between the contending parties, although
three of the Susquehanna Company's townships were in-
cluded in what is now Wyoming county.
The county of Luzerne was erected in 1786. The
people were sitisfied with the government, and a more
kindly feeling was springing up between the inhabitants
of the valley and the citizens elsewhere ; but the ques-
tion of title was not yet adjusted, though efforts for an
adjustment of it had been made.
About this time Colonel Timothy Pickering became
acquainted with the facts in the case, and soon afterward
he established his residence in the valley. Through his
influence a compromise was effected, and a law in accord-
ance with the terms of this compromise w^as enacted by
the legislature. Under this law commissioners for the
adjustment of claims met in the valley in May, 1787.
Meantime the New England immigrants had become
divided. A portion of them (mostly settlers subsequent
to the decision of the question of jurisdiction by the Con-
gressional commission) strongly opposed acquiescence
in the compromise law, and sought by every means to
arouse and strengthen opposition to it in others. They
had in contemplation the formation of another State out
of the territory which had been in dispute, and to that
end they had drawn up a constitution and completed a
frame of government. The most active leader in that
opposition — a man named John Franklin — was finally
arrested under a charge of treason in attempting to
subvert the government and establish a new State, and
taken to Philadelphia. Early in October, 1787, in
revenge for this and to procure the release of Franklin,
his friends, after several unsuccessful attempts, sricceeded
in abducting Colonel Pickering. He was taken up the
river beyond the mouth of Tunkhannock creek, and kept
concealed during nearly three weeks. His captors and
guards frequently shifted camp to elude the jiursuit which
they knew was made. In this time some skirmishing took
place between the pursuers and the Yankees at Meshop-
pen and Wyso, in which two men were wounded. Failing
to accomplish their purpose, they liberated him at Tunk-
hannock and he returned to his home in Wilkes-Barre.
The results of these lawless acts on the part of a por-
tion of the Yankees were the suspension and, in 1790, the
repeal of the compromise act.
Several actions were then commenced in the courts for
determining the titles to these lands, but during the eight
years that followed none of these were determined. In
April, 1799, the Legislature passed another compromise
act, which provided for compensation to claimants under
titles from Pennsylvania, and for confirmation by certifi-
cates of the titles of the Connecticut settlers who were
such prior to the decree of Trenton, or their heirs or as-
signs. These certificates were issued by commissioners
appointed under the law, which limited their action within
the "seventeen townships in the county of Luzerne" that
were originally surveyed and settled under the authority
of the Susquehanna Company. By an act of the Legis-
lature in 1808 the powers of these commissioners ceased,
and thus was terminated the contest concerning the title
to these lands, which had continued through nearly half a
century, and which at the present day elicits a warin in-
terest among the descendants of the contesting parties.
In an address on this subject, delivered recently before
the historical society of Pennsylvania, Governor Hoyt
tersely says: "The discussion converges upon two propo-
sitions, each somewhat paradoxical: I. In the forum of law
Connecticut, with a title regular on its face, failed justly;
2. In the forum of equity the Connecticut settlers, without
other title than the ' fiossfssio peiiis,' prevailed rightly."
o
IHK ADVKNl- oi- Tin; I'loNKKR.
4'
CllAriER IV.
TlIK l'i()NKLK> — HU\V IHKV CAMK, SICTTI.KL) AM) DK-
VEI.Ol'Kl" THK RKSOUKCKS OK IHK COINTRV.
HK settlement of the valley of Wyoming, which
f_ J~S^ was the first and for many years the only in-
•/)\ habited part of Luzerne county, was com-
. ~^| nienced, as elsewhere slated, under the aus-
■ ; - Dices of the Susquehanna Company, in 1762.
]-^ Then about two hundred, mostly from Connecti-
' ia^ cut, came and began their preparations for homes
in this region, which was then sixty miles distant from any
settlement of civilized people. They were not the effem-
inate sons of wealthy parents, who had been reared in the
lap of lu.xury. From their infancy they had by precept
and example been taught the industry and economy which
had enabled their fathers to thrive among the rocks and
hills of their native country. They were the hardy, ac-
tive and ambitious sons of New Englanders, and in the
exercise of the independent, self-reliant spirit which they
had inherited from their sires, they left their paternal
roofs and sought homes in this valley, far away in the
untamed wilderness of what was then the west.
A few brought with them their wives and children, and
came with oxen and carts, bringing a few indispensable
articles of household furniture and driving a few domes-
tic animals. Most of them, however, came on foot, with
knapsacks on their backs, rifles on their shoulders and
axes in their hands. Thus accoutred, they bade adieu for
a time to the loved ones at home, and turned their faces
westward to make for themselves homes and fortunes.
Kor a time they followed the trail of emigrants who
had settled in other regions, but finally they abandoned
this, left the borders of civilization and struck into the
forest. They followed Indian trails, threaded foicsts
and swamps, and climbed over mountains, camping in
s-quads in the roads by night, till at length they reached
the valley, and hawing selected their locations commenced
their preparations for the future. Shanties for temporary
shelter were constructed, clearings were- begun, and prep-
arations made for the erection of rude log houses (or the
shelter of those whom they were to bring with them on
their return the n«;.Vt year.
While this work was in i)rogress they subsisted largely
on the game with which the surrounding forest abounded,
and the fish which were taken in great numbers from the
river. Their neighbors, were m.iking similar preiiarations
at different points in the valley, and with these they ^''en
exchanged visits, to talk of home and to discuss their
plans for the future, to anticipate the pleasure which
they would derive from such visits the next year, when
they would be accompanied by the partners who were to
share their fortunes and their privations.
They frequently "changed works" in order to ac-
complish some of their various tasks with greater facility,
and to dissipate the sense of loneliness which haunted
them as they pursued their solitary labors. In this w.iy
they occasionally hired from those who had brouRhi
teams a yoke of oxen, with which to draw to their build-
ding sites the logs which they had cut for iheir hauscs,
and to " log up " the timber which they desired to burn
on their clearings. Thus passed their first summer in the
valley. By night they lay in their shanties on their beds
of boughs and dreamed of the homes they had left, or of
the future homes which their fancies |.i< lurL-d: or in their
=#
^2
HISTORY OF I.UZERNE COUN'IN'.
w;il iiig intervals listened to the distant howling of the wolf
on the mountain side, and the nearer hooting of the owl.
Hay after day they toiled on, sustained and cheered by
their hopes of future happiness with their chosen com-
])anions and children in the midst of the surroundings
which they were creating.
By early autumn their rude houses were erected and
])artially prepared for their reception on their return.
Small areas had been burned off, and here they " brushed
in " their first wheat. Larger areas had been cut over
and made ready for burning and planting the next spring.
When these preparations were completed they deposited
in places of safety their axes and few other implements,
and with light hearts turned their faces again toward
their paternal mansions. Thus terminated the first sum-
mer with many a pioneer in Luzerne county. As he
journeyed homeward the sky above him was brighter and
th« songs of the birds in the forest through which he
])assed more melodious than ever before, for he was re-
turning to the haimts of his early life from the scenes of
his prospective manhood.
Li due time he arrived among the scenes of his child-
hood and wended his way to the old home where parents
brothers and sisters welcomed, him warmly, and listened
with eager attention to the story of his experience in the
wilderness. He received a still more hearty welcome
from another, who during his long absence had not ceased
to think of him by day and dream of him by night. She
listened to the recital of his doings with a deejier interest
for to her and him they were matters of eijual impor-
tance.
A wedding soon occurred, and the last winter of the
pair in their nati\e State was a season of bu'iy jirepara-
tion for removal to their western home, interspersed with
social gatherings and merry-makings among the scenes
and companions of their childhood. They sat down to
their last Thanksgiving dinner with their parents, broth-
ers and sisters; attended their last Christmas and New
Year's festivals with their former playmates and school-
fellows, and on the approach of spring bade all these
scenes and friends a tearful adieu, and departed for their
new home, followed by the good wishes of their friends^
and the benedictions and prayers of their parents.
Their outfit consisted of a yoke of oxen and a cart,
loaded with a few utensils and necessary articles of
household furniture. They brought with them a cow or
two and a few sheep, the latter to serve as the nucleus of
a flock, which, if spared by the wolves, was to furnish
wool for their future clothing. Thus equipped they pur-
sued their toilsome journey till at length their destination
was reached, and they entered at once on the realities of
pioneer life.
Their house was made tenable by the few preparations
which pioneers found necessary for their comfort, thougit
open holes in the walls at first served for windows and
one in the roof for a chimney, and a blanket was the
door. A small spot was prepared for the garden seeds
which they had brought, their corn field was burned off
and i)lanted in due season, and a large area prepared for
other wheat and corn fields. Li this the labor of the
husband was lightened by the ])resence and encouraging
smiles, and sometimes by the assistance, of his young
wife. Li their solitude they were sustained by their
buoyant hopes of the future, and they ever after referred
to this summer as the happiest jieriod of their lives.
Their wheat field gave good returns ; the few acres
THK I'lONEKR'S PROC.RRSS.
A.^
whic'.i llv.-y cleared and |)lauted wilii turn yielded abun-
dantly, and early in the winter they secured a sufficient
supply of venison. Their wheat and corn were ground
in a "pioneer mill " — a mortar hollowed in a stump or in
the end of a log A hovel had been constructed of logs
and roofed with brush or straw, for the protection of
iheir animals against the inclemency of the weather and
the attacks of wild beasts. No hay was provided for the
cattle, but from day to day trees were cut on ground that
was to be cleared the next summer, and they lived on the
browse which these afforded. A couple of pigs and a
few fowls were fed each morning at the door of the house
with corn from the wife's folded a|)ron. Tluis passed
their first winter in the woods. The sound of the hus-
band's ax echoed through the forest during the day, and
the wife plied "her evening care" in the cheerful glow
of the "blazing hearth " at night. Their simple fare and
active exercise in the open air gave them robast health,
and though their surroimdings were quite different from
those in the midst of which they had been reared, this
was the home which they had made for themselves, and
they were happy in the enjoyment of it.
During the summer other settlers had come in, some
singly, others in companies, with their families ; and
neighbors were more numerous and less distant, and the
monotony of their life was varied by occasional exchanges
of evening visits among these. This social intercourse
among the pioneers had none of the bad features which
characterized that of later times. There were among
them no conventionalities, no unmeaning expressions of
civility, ho unkind criticism of each others' dress or sur.
roundiiigs, no rivalries and jealousies, and no hypocritical
manifestations of interest in each others' welfare. Each
rejoiced with his neighbor in his prosperity or sympa-
thized with him in his adversity. These visits were anti-
cipated with pleasure and remembered without regret.
The happy life which they had just commenced here was
darkened by many shadows. The Indians of the vicinity
became exasperated towards the settlers, by reason of an
act of treachery on the part of the members of a distant
tribe, fell upon them, killed many and drove away the
others. Several years later they returned and resimied
their occupancy of the valley, but they were several times
driven out by adverse claimants, and were comj)elled to
resort to force for the mainienance of their rights and
the protection of their property.
Notwithstanding these interruptions a few years
brought evidence of increasing prosperity. The clearing
had been enlarged and a portion of it fenced ; a stick
chimney, plastered with mud, filled the hole in the roof ;
glass had taken the place of greased paper in the window;'
a plank door swung on wooden hinges where formerly
hung the blanket, and some flowering shrubbery was
growing at the side of it. A more capacious and com-
fortable stable had been erected for the animals, a
" worm " fence appeared around the house and garden,
and a log bridge had been built across the stream
which ran near the hduse. Near the edge of the clearing
the crackling fire was consuming the trees that I'
of a logging bee were piling together for that p. ,
The corn, potatoes, pumjikins, etc., which had been
planted among th4 stumps had attained sufficient growth
M>
44
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
to be visible fioiu some distance. A calf frolicked at
the side of its dam and a litter of grunting young porkers
asserted their right to " life, liberty," etc. Every thing
wore an air of thrift. The solitude of the wife >»'as
enlivened by the prattle of her children, and their^jlay-
ful caresses sweetened the labor and lessened the fatigue
of the husband and father.
The tide of immigration, the first wave of which had
borne them hither, continued with increasing flow. Set-
tlers came more rapidly, the smoke from their hearths
curled upward at shorter intervals, and clearings en-
croached more and more on the surrounding vvilderness.
The hissing and rushing of the whirlwinds of flame were
oftener heard as the trees that had been felled and had
become dry were consumed. Small fields of waving corn
and here and there a verdant meadow were to be seen.
The music of numerous cow bells was heard, and "drowsy
tinklings lulled the distant folds " where sheep were
herded to protect them from the wolves at night. The
hum of spinning wheels might be heard in almost every
house, and the merry laughter and shouts of frolicksome
children resovmded as they gamboled through the woods.
The Revolutionary war came upon the country, and
nowhere were its horrors greater than here. On the re-
turn of peace the few surviving settlers came back to the
valley, and prosperity smiled again. Settlements extended
up the valleys of the Sus(iuehanna and the Lackawanna
and their tributaries, and many of the earliest e.xperiences
of the settlers in the Wyoming valley were repeated in
these localities.
'J'he lapse of time brought with it changes. The old
house, which had survived the ravages of war, had come
to be only the wing of a new one that had been built of
squared logs, covered with a shingled roof, lighted by
glazed windows andj closed by a paneled door. A lawn
appeared in front, tastefully ornamented with flowers,
and fruit trees were growing on the former site of the
garden. An apiary stood on the margin of the lawn,
which was bounded by a straight fence. A commodious
frame barn had been built, and where the forest once
stood were fields of waving grain. Beyond the grove of
sugar maples could be seen the log school-house where,
"in her noisy mansion skilled to rule, the comely mistress
taught her little school."
The stream that ran by was spanned by a newer bridge,
and the ding-donging of a saw-mill that had been built
on its bank could be heard in the distance. The eldest
surviving son of the pioneer couple, now grown to be a
young man, drove toward the barn with a load of hay
drawn by horses instead of the oxen that for years had
constituted their only team. At the well, which still had
its primitive sweep, stood a somewhat portly matron, who
turned to look with motherly pride at her son as he drove
along. A middle-aged man was walking down the road
that came from the mill. It was he who came many
years since with his knapsack, rifle and ax, and built his
shanty in the howling wilderness. The woman at the
well was the young wife who came with him a year later.
Their privations, hardships, industry and economy had
been rewarded. They had actjuired an honorable com-
petence. They had, however, experienced vicissitudes.
A brother of the husband and two brothers of the wife
fell on the fatal field of Wyoming, and there the husband
acquired an honorable scar. They had also followed two
of their children to the grave.
Sixty years had gone by since the setHement of the
^^
LIFE AMON(; THE SEl'ILERS.
valley. An elegant mansions tood on the site of the old log
cabin, and all its surroundings indicated that it was the
abode of wealth and refinement. The stream passed
under a stone arch; the old saw-mill had gone to decay;
the sugar orchard was no longer to he seen, and only on
the mountain sides were the remains of the |)rimiti\e
forest visible. Spacious fields and elegant (arm houses
were to be seen on the extended lamlscape, and the tall
spire of a church pointed skyward from among the houses
of a village near. A gray haired man was busy with the
cattle in the barnyard, and a portly woman sat by the
stove knitting, while some of the grand-children were
playing on the floor and others were engaged in various
kinds of work.
These aged people were the ones who left their New
England homes in their youtli and came to this spot.
They had deeded their farm to their youngest son and
taken the usual life lease. Another of their children had
been added to the group in the cemetery; one had set-
tled in an adjoining town, and two were in the far west.
Another interval of half a century has passed, and
brought its inevitable changes. The old pioneer couple
long since passed to their rest; the son who was the solace
and support of their declining years is now an octogena-
rian, and his grandchildren are one by one assuming their
|)Ositions as citizens and members of society. The an-
cestral mansion, which still stands on the site of the orig-
inal pioneer cabin, has from time to time changed in
aij|)earance, as changing fashion has dictated and increas-
ing prosperity permitted, till it is among the most tasteful
in the \alley. The original farm, which extended back
and included a portion of the mountain, received addi-
tions by purchase from time to time; and its value has
been greatly enhanced by the discovery and development
of the mineral resources which lie beneath the surface.
The landscape in the valley has greatly changed. Along
the base of either mountain range at short intervals rise
coal breakers, with their immense hills of culm and the
adjacent miners' villages. Populous cities- and thriving
boroughs have come into existence. Along the margins
of the river railroad tracks with branches to the collieries
extend through the valley and climb the mountain sides,
and the panting and screaming of the engines that draw
the long, snake-like trains of cars may be almost constantly
heard. Along these tracks extend telegraph lines, and
stretching from place to place may be seen the thread-
like wires of the telephone. Here and there the sides of
the mountain are dotted with clearings, where with great
labor farms have been developed among the rocks. How
different the landsca[)e of to-day from that of a century
since I
CHAPIER V.
THK C()NI)1TU)N OF THE IMONEKRS rHIIR W AVS AN1>
MEANS OK I.IVINc;.
K|'\'ER a century has passed since the first settle-
ment of this region, and changing circum-
stances have brought with them such changes
in many of the customs of the people that
one of the present generation can^form only
an imperfect conception of what some of those
customs were.
People are usually slow to adopt those modifications
in their customs which changes in their environments
render desirable, or even almost necessitate. Like the
Welshman who persisted in balancing the wheat in one
end of his bag by a stone in the other "because her's
father did so," they follow the beaten track which their
ancestors pursued, and often only turn from it when
changed circumstances actually rom|)el them to do so.
The march of improvement and the progress of inven-
tion make slow advances, except in those cases where
necessity compels people to follow tiie one, or loudly calls
for the other.
The rude implements and appliances that were in use
"when the country was new" were inventions which
grew out of the necessities of the times, and were adapted
to the circumstances in which people found themselves
Time wore on, and those circumstances gave place to
others. Inventions followed these changes; but in many
cases, as in those of the cast iron jjIow, the grain-cradle
and the horse rake, the inventors only lived to see their
improved implements scoffed at and derided. Thus
have ))eople always done, and thus they will to a greater
or less extent continue to do. As in the physical world,
however, one condition is evolved from another by the
slow |)rocess of natural selection, so in these cases the
fittest are in the end the survivors.
The first settlers in this region came when the primi-
tive forest was growing not only heie but in the country
through which they had passed for many miles. The
first roads, which were simply widened Indian trails-
were then barely passable. Of course they could bring
with them only those articles of household furniture or
those agricultural implements that were indispensable.
The first work of the pioneer was to prepare a house,
or dwelling place for his family. There were no mills
for the manufacture of lumber, and the first houses were
necessarily built of logs fastened by notching at the
corners. They were usually from fifteen to eighteen
feet sipiare, and about seven feet in height, or high
enough to just clear the head of a tall man. Often no
floor was at first laid. A fire place was prepared at one
end by erecting a back of stones, laid in mud instead o^
mortar, and a hole was left in the bark or slab roof for
the escape of the smoke. .\ chimney of sticks plastered
with mud was afterward erected in this aperture. .\
space of a width suitable for a door was cut on one side.
and this was closed first by hanging in it a blanket, and
afterward by a door made with split jilank and hung on
wooden hinges. This door was fastened by a wooden
latch that could be raised from the outside by a string,
which was passed through a hole above it. When the
lalch string was "pulled in" the door was effectually
fastened. The expression used of a hospitable man —
" his latch string is always out " — had its origin from this
primitive method of fastening a log house door. A hole
was usually cut in each side of this house to let in light,
and when glazed sash could not be procared greased
paper was used to keep out the blasts and snows of
autumn and winter.
-^-
46
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
Holes were bored at the [jroper height in the logs at
one corner of the room, and into these the ends of poles
were fitted, the opposite ends where they crossed being
supported by a crotch, or a block of the proi)er height.
Across these poles others were laid, and these were
covered by a thick mattress of hemlock or other boughs,
over which blankets were spread. 'I'hus were ])ioneer
bedsteads constructed; and on such a bed many ajjionecr
couple reposed as sweetly as though " sunk in beds of
down." In the absence of chairs rude seats were made
with an ax and auger by boring holes in " |)uncheons,"
or planks split from basswood logs and hewn smooth on
one side. Tables were often made in the same way, and
after a time a floor was constructed of these " puncheons,"
with a bare sjiace in lieu of a hearth about the fire place.
\ few necessary pieces of crockery, or sometimes wooden
trenc hers, were kejit on rude slielves till, after a few
years, lumber could be procured of whiih to make a cup-
board,
.•\ dinner jint, a dish kettle, a tea kettle, a frying pan
and a bake kettle constituted the entire stock of iron
ware. The bake kettle — a utensil that is now never
seen — was a shallow vessel with legs some si.\ inches in
length, so that it could be set over coals on the hearth.
It had a cover with the edges turned up so that coals
could be heaped on it. This was used at first for all the
baking of many a pioneer family. The fire place had,
instead of the iron crane with which it was afterward
furnished, a transverse pole, called a lug pole, laid across
two others so that it could be moved backwards and for-
wards at a sufficient height to prevent burning. On this
at first hooks cut from beech saplings, or limbs, vvere
fastened by withes, but after blacksmiths' shops were
established these were replaced by "trammels," or hooks
so constructed that their length could be adjusted.
This room, thus furnished, served all the purposes of
kitchen, drawing-room, sitting-room, parlor and bed-
room; and not unfrequently workshop also, for temporary
benches were erected, and sleds, ox yokes, and many
other farming utensils were made and repaired there
during stormy days or evenings. The light for such
evening work was furnished by the blazing fire of pine
knots which had been gathered and stored away for the
purpose, or sometimes by a " slut," which was made by
placing a rag for a wick in a dish of " coon's oil," or the
fat of some other wild animal.
Here also, as time went on, were heard the raking of
the hand cards and the whir of the spinning wheel ; for
in those days the cloth for both the summer and winter
clothing of the family was homemade, and all the techni-
calities of the process, from picking the wool to "taking
out the piece," were as familiar to every member of the
family as any household word.
At first, before the establishment of cloth dressing
mills, the dyeing or coloring, even of all the woolen
cloth, was done by the pioneer wives ; and after cioth-
ieries made their appearance everything except "fulled
cloth " was colored at home. The properties and the
proper method for compounding for different colors of
Nicaraugua or Nic. wood, logwood, fustic, indigo, mad-
der, copperas, alum, vitriol, etc., as well as all the various
indigenous barks and plants, were known to every house-
wife. Tlie old dye tub, which is still remembered by the
older inhabitants, had its place at the side of every hearth,
where it was frequently used as a seat for children in
cases of emergency, or when the increase of the family
was more rapid than that of chairs. Peter Parley ' Mr.
Cioodrich calls it "the institution of the dye tub, which,
when the night had waned and the family had retired,
frequently became the anxious seat of the lover, who was
permitted to carry on his courtshi]j, the object of his
addresses sitting demurely in the opposite corner."
The flax brake, swingling knife and board, and hatchel
are never seen now ; and one of the present generation
would be utterly unable to guess their uses were they
shown to him. Then the pulling and rotting and all the
details of dressing tlax were known to every child ; and
the |)rocess of spinning the flax and tow, weaving and
bleaching the different (pialities of cloth, and making the
thread t'or all the family sewing, was a part of the educa-
tion of every girl. Wild nettles were at first used instead
of the flax that was afterwards cultivated. The process
of rotting, dressing, etc., was the same as in the case of
the flax. Then cotton cloth was not manufactured in
this country, and it was practically beyond the reach of
most farmers, ^Voolen goods, other than those of domes-
tic manufacture, were seldom seen. A "broadcloth coat"
was an evidence either of unpardonable vanity or of
unusual prosperity. Even the skins of animals were thus
utilized for clothing; fawn skin vests, doeskin coats and
buckskin breeches were not uncommon.
It is hardly necessary to speak of the ordinary food of
the first settlers, such as hasty pudding, johnny cake, or
corn pones, the meal for which was ground in a pioneer
mill or wooden mortar ; or of the dainties, such as short-
cakes, mixed with the lye of cob ashes and baked in ashes
on the hearth, that were set before company. The simple
and substantial diet of the people then was adopted be-
cause circumstances would permit no other. They were
too poor to pamper their children with sweetmeats, or to
stimulate them with tea and coffee ; and the incidental
result was a degree of robust health such as the children
in later times do not acquire.
It must not be inferred that all the settlers in this re-
gion were subjected to severe privations. The kind of
fare spoken of was not looked upon as hard, for it was
the best the country then afforded. There were instances
where people were compelled to resort to wild roots or
greens for a dinner, but these were perhaps as rare as are
cases of extreme destitution now. The condition of the
country was such that these habits and methods, of liv-
ing were necessary, and they were not regarded as hard-
ships.
The agricidture of those times, if agriculture it may
be termed, was such as is never seen now. Very few at
the present day have witnessed the process of preparing
the virgin soil for the first cro]j. The timber was often
girdled in advance, so that when felled, as it often was.
^
MF.«-
I'RIMI'IIXI'. lAKMlNC A \ I ) IK \ |)| \( ;.
in what were termed wind rows, iiiiich ul it would burn
as it lay, being partially or wholly dried, by kindling the
fire at llie windward end of these rows. After the first
burn some of the remaining fragments were " niggered "
into pieces that could be easily moved, and the whole
was drawn together with oxen and "logged up " for the
Hnal burning. Many in the neighborhood usually joined
in this work, and the " logging bees," or " log frolics,"
were at the same time occasions wiien work was done and
social intercourse enjoyed. When the burning was com-
pleted anil the ashes collected the ground was sometimes
made ready for the seed by harrowing with a three-cor-
nered harrow, which was often hewed from a crotched
tree, with either large wooden pins set at intervals, or
vory large and strong iron teeth. Such a harrow was
drawn over the ground among the stumps to fit the soil
for its first crop when the roots were not sufficiently de-
cayed to permit the use of a plow. In using this primi-
tive harrow in these clearings the driver found it neces-
sary to kee[) always at a respectful distance, for it often
bounded from side to side in a manner not com[)atible
with safety at close quarters. In cases where plowing
could be done the old bull plow was used. This was an
uncouth implement, with wrought iron share and a
wooden moldboard, such as is now scarcely ever seen,
even among relics of the past. In rare cases a wooden
plow, hewn out of a crotched tree, was used.
The wheat sown or corn planted in ground prepared in
this rude way often gave good returns, such was the fer-
tility of the soil before it was exhausted by repeated
cropping. When the crop was grown and ri|)ened, it
was cut with sickles, a handful at a time. Sickles may
occasionally be seen at the present day; but there are
few who ever saw them used. For harvesting grain
among the stumps of the first clearings the sickle was
best adapted of all instruments, and no other was known;
but when these stumps had decayed, and the grain cradle
had been introduced, many looked upon it as a perni-
cious invention, by the use of w'hich more than sufficient
grain would be wasted to pay for the labor of harvesting,
and some insisted that more (ould be harvested in the
same time with the sickle — so strongly are people
attached to old customs.
The grain was first thresh.ed with the flail on the
ground, and partially separated from the chaff by [lour-
ing it from a height in the wind and afterwards de.x-
trously manipulating it in a "corn fan," a description of
which would be quite difficult. For many years after
barns were erected on all farms the flail and the feet of
horses were the only threshing machines, but fanning-
mills superseded the old corn fan.
Hay was cut with the old fashioned scythe, which has
changed but very little, and the hand rake only was used
to gather it. Among the stumps and stones in early
times these were the most available tools, but their use
continued long after improved implements were avail-
able, and after such implements had been invented.
In those days the conveyance most in use was the ox-
cart. It was made available for almost everything, from
hauling manure to going to meetinj: or to lulls and wed
dings. Its use was thus imiversni because it was, likr
the other tools spoken of, adapted to e,\isting condiiion>
The rough and stum]>y roads r-lmost forbade the use <>l
four-wheeled conveyances.
It seems hardly necessary to call attention lo the
wagons, plows, harrows, threshing-machines, harvest-
ers, mowers, wheelrakes, etc., etc., of the present da;,
and contrast them with the awkward and uncouth imple-
ments of former times ; but if this is done the adaiJta
tion of these to their existing circumstances should be
remembered, and the arldiiional fact should be borne in
mind that the improved tools of the present day would
not then have been available.
During some years after the first setllemcnl of this
region trade was carried on in a manner i|uite different
from the way in which it is now conducted. Now all
produce has a cash market and a cash value; and all
the necessaries or superlluities that are purchased are
reckoned according to the same standard. Then there
was not sufficient money in the country to be made the
medium of exchange, and trade was carried on almost
wholly by what was termed barter. By reason of thi-.
nearly exclusive exchange trade, mercantile establishments
were quite unlike those of the present time, 'fhen every
store was a commercial microcosm. In it w^s kept every-
thing that the inhabitants retpiired. As one who lived in
those times says: " Every merchant kept dry goods, grocer.
ies, crockery, glassware, hardware, dye stuffs, iron, nails^
paints, oil, window-glass, school-books, stationery, rum.
brandy, gin, whiskey, drugs and medicines, ending with
a string of etceteras, or every other article usually kept
in a country store. Things were sometimes curiously
grouped; as, for example, silks and iron, laces and fish,
pins and crowbars, pork and tea, molasses and ta , cot-
ton yarn and log chains, wheel heads and hoes, cards and
l)itrhforks, scythes and fur hats." In exchange for these
the pioneer merchant received almost every article of
country jirodiice. Coarse grain was converted into spirits
at his distillery, or that of some one in the vicinity, for
distilleries sprung up early. Pork was "packed," and
other kinds of produce were received for goods and sent
by teams over the turnpike to Easton, and thus to I'liila-
delphia, where they were exchanged for the goods that
were brought back by the same route; and so the barter
trade was kept up. Some heavy articles, such as ir<in_
salt, etc., were brought by boats on the river. Expcnsixc
methods of transportation necessarily rendered the price
of goods high and that of produce low, and this condi-
tion of things continued till better facilities for transport-
ation cheapened merchandise .mil inli.uK i-d tliu fn'u c of
produce.
Oradually since that time has iraik i li.iiii;L-U till it
has reached a cash basis, and along with this change has
come another important one— the "division of business."
Now dry goods, groceries, hardware, books, driis-v.
liquors, etc., etc., are sejiarate branches of busine--^: '-.A
produce dealing is separated, from all of them.
A no less marked contrast is to be seen in the in.niu
48
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
factures of those times and the present. Tlien almost
every article and utensil that was used was either "home-
made" or manufactured at the shops which sprung up to
supply the wants of the early settlers. Then, as has
been stated, the cloth in which every one was clad was
of domestic manufacture. The spinning-wheel and the
loom were portions of the furniture of almost every house,
and clothieries, or wool-carding and cloth-dressing estab-
lishments, were as common as grist-mills. Almost every
hamlet had its tailor's shop, where the knight of the
shears cut tlie clothing for the jicople of the vicinity, and,
to avoid the responsibility of misfits, warranted "to fit
if ])roperly made up." This clothing was made up by
tailoresses,-or, as the tailors sometimes termed them, "she
tailors." The trade of a tailoress was reckoned a very
good one ; for she received for her skilled labor two
shillings as currency was then talked) per day ; while
the price of housework liclp was four shillings per
week.
Shoemakers' shops were abundant also, though there
were itinerant shoemakers who "whipped the cat," as
going from house to house with their "kits" was termed.
After the establishment of tanneries the people were in
the habit of having the hides of their slaughtered animals
tanned on shares, and the leather thus obtained was
worked up by these circulating disciples of St. Crispin.
The ubitjuitous tailor shop has entirely disa|jpeared,
and.only here and there is to be seen a solitary cobbler's
sign. E\ery \-illage has its shoe stores, and the de-
scendants of Abraham vie with each other in supplying
the gentiles with clothing " ferry sheap."
Very early it was a portion of the blacksmith business to
make the nails that were required where wooden pins could
not be used. Now an old fashioned wrought nail is a
curious relic of the past; and even the rivets, bolts, and
horse-shoe nails that were formerly made upon every anvil
are now made by machinery, and furnished more cheaply
than they can be hammered out by the vulcans or their
apprentices.
So of almost everything. Where joiners formerly took
lumber "in the rough " and did all the work of building
a house, now houses are almost, like Byron's critics,
"ready made;" for little is required but to put together
the parts that are made by machinery.
The wheelbarrows, carts and wagons, and even the cra-
dles and coffins, that were formerly made in the shops
that sprang up when the country was first settled are
now made by machinery, and sold at rates far lower than i
those at which handmade work can be afforded' and the
old hand manufactories have gone to decay or degenerated j
into simple repair shops.
In early times wild animals, especially bears and wolves,
and to some extent i)anthers, were sources of great an-
noyance. It is not known that any person ever became
a x'ictim to ihe rapacity of these animals, but instances
are recorded of terrible frights. Many swine that were
permitted to roam and feed in the woods were destroyed
by bears, and great care was necessary to protect sheep
against wolves. P"or years the slumbers of people were
interrupted and night was made hideous by the howling
of the latter.
It is recorded that during twelve years following 1808
the aggregate bounty i^aid for the scalps of panthers in
Luzerne county was $1,822, and during the same time
$2,872 for those of wolves. Of course during the years
that preceded that time these animals were more abund-
ant. The howl of the wolf and the screech of the pan-
ther are not now heard in this region. Occasionally a
bear is captured in the mountains, but the time is not far
distant when bruin will no more be seen here.
CHAPTER VI.
OLD i,i/;ernk couNl^■ in rnK kiovoi.ution.
HE Revolutionary history of this region limits
itself to that of the Wyoming valley. Be-
yond this valley there were at the com-
mencement of the Revolution hardly any
settlements nearer than those on the Dela-
i^^f ware, which were sixty miles distant, through
' " a wilderness of swamps and mountain ranges; or
Sunbury, which lay an equal distance down the Susque-
hanna river; a few isolated settlers, nearly all of whom
were tories, had just located at Tunkhannock and at
points further up the river. Wyoming was not on the
outskirts of civilization; it was an isolated settlement in
the midst of a country inhabited by sa\ages that after-
ward became hostile. The country of the warlike Iro-
(juois included the head waters and upjier branches of
the Susquehanna, down which a war party of these sava-
ges could at any time sail in their light canoes when
tempted to do so by the hope of obtaining scalps or
plunder. In this isolated condition, away from the
theater of active hostilities and distant from any
thoroughfare ever which hostile parties could pass on
expeditions against regions on either side of them, it was
but reasonable to suppose that they stood in very little
peril except from the incursions of marauding savages.
In order to form a just idea of the condition of the
Ijeople here at that time, it must be remembered that the
population of the valley consisted almost entirely of set.
tiers from Connecticut, who had acquired their land titles
from the Susquehanna Company and who had been en-
gaged in actual hostilities with the Pennamites ias they
termed those who claimed these lands under titles which
they acquired from the proprietaries! and those who
aided them in their attempts to enforce their claims. It
must be remembered, too, that tolerance of those who
differed with them in opinion was never a distinguishing
characteristic of the Puritans who peopled the province
of Connecticut, or of their descendants, from among
whom these settlers came; and that the repeated attempts
of these Pennamites to unjustly deprive them of their
4
4
LUZERNE AT THE Ul'EMNG OF THE REVOLUTION.
A')
lands and expel them from the valley aroused to its
fullest activity their intolerance-
On the other hand, a hatred of the Yankees equally
intense existed among the Pennamites, many of whom
doubtless considered themselves unjustly dispossessed of
lands to which they had acipiired a legitimate title. This
rancorous feeling in the members of the opposing parties
naturally engendered in each a hatred of everything upon
which the other looked with favor; and that doubtless
was the reason why fifty-eight of the sixty-one lories in
the valley, as stated by one historian, were of the Pen-
namites who remained, and it will also account for the
remarkable unanimity among the Yankees.
The population of the valley at that time has been va-
riously estimated. By some historians it has been set
down at 2,500, and by others at 5,000. Had there ex-
isted among these people no ]5eculiar local influences,
there is reason for the supposition that at least as large a
proportion of them would have been loyalists as in other
localities. They were located in a valley of surpassing
beauty and fertility. The soil gave ample returns for the
labor which they bestowed on it, the surrounding forests
abounded with game, and the river was plentifully stocked
with fish. They were subject only to such laws as they
enacted for their own government, and the oppressive
acts of the mother country were scarcely felt by them.
They were contented and happy, and but for the frequent
invasions of the valley by those who sought to dispossess
them it would have been almost the terrestrial paradise
which romancers and poets have represented. . Under
such circumstances they could see but little for them to
gain by a separation of the colonies from Great Britain,
and that little more ideal than real. On the other hand,
they could see that by actively espousing the cause of the
patriots they would subject themselves to the predatory
and cruel warfare of the savages, by whom they were sur-
rounded and whose alliance would be sought by the
mother country; and that possibly other forces might be
sent against them for strategic purposes. That under
such circumstances even a larger pro])ortion of the peo-
ple here than in other regions should adhere to their loy-
alty would be no matter of sur|)rise.
At nearly the same time when the colonies severed
their allegiance to Great Britain the people of Pennsyl-
vania threw off the proprietary government, under which
the Yankees had several times been driven from the val-
ley, and adopted a State constitution. With the failure
of the rebellion, and the re-establishment of the regal
authority in the colonies, would come the restoration of
the pro|)rietary government and a renewal of hostilities
against the Connecticut settlers; while the success of the
revolution and maintenance of the State government
gave them reason to hope although vainly, as subsequent
events-proved for a cessation of their ]>ersecutions. In
view of these circumstances, it would be reasonable to
expect that the line between Yankees and Pennamites
should almost exactly coincide with that between Whigs
and tories.
The spirit of intolerance to which allusion has been inade
manifested itself with increased intensity when the objects
of that intolerance came to occupy the position of foes to
their country as well as local enemies On the other hand,
the feeling of enmity which the I'ennamitis had enter-
tained toward the Yankees, who had resisted their claims
to the land in the valley, became greatly intensified when
they came to regard those Yankees as rebels against the
government to which they were loyal. Su<:h were the
relations of parties, and such was the animus of those
pirties, at the commencement of the Revolution.
The attempted invasion of the valley by Plunkelt in
neceml.er, 1775, was the last hostile demonstration against
the Connecticut settlers by the Pennamites previous to
the Revolution. In .\ugust of that year the Yankees had
at a town meeting for the town of Westmoreland as the
w'lole region was then called) expressed by resolution
their willingness " to make any accommodations with ye
Pennsylvania party that shall conduce to ye best good of
ye whole, not infringing on the property of any person,
and come in common cause of liberty in ye defense of
.\merica; and tliat we will amicably give them ye offer of
joining in ye proposals as soon as may be." At a meeting
held a week later, pursuant to adjournment of this, it was
resolved that "we do now a|)point a committee to atten-
tively observe the conduct of all persons within this town
touching the rules and regul.iiions prescribed by the Hon-
orable Continental Congress, and will unanimously join
our brethren in America in the common cause of defend-
ing our liberty."
Notwithstanding the overtures thus made, and the patri-
otic resolution adopted, the attempt of Plunkett »o expel
the Yankees was made; and though hostilities were then
suspended till after the Revolution the latent bitter feeling
was without doubt more intense by reason of this attempt.
As the difficulties with the mother country thickened, and
hope of recftnciliation diminished, the patriotic ardor of the
settlers increased. Measures were adopted to provide
means of defense, and as early as March, 1776, by resolu-
tion at a town meeting, the selectmen were directed to
dispose of the grain in the hands of the collector or treas-
urer, and ])urchase powder and lead to the amount of forty
pounds. By another resolution a bounty of ;^io was of-
fered to the man who <-hould first manufacture fifty pounds
of good saltpetre. Mr. Miner states, on the authority of
Mrs. John Jenkins, that the women took up the floors of
their houses, leached the earth which they dug from
under them, and made saltpetre by boiling the lye; then
mixed it with charcoal and sulphur, and thus ]>roduced
powder for public use.
On the breaking out of the war many young men from
the Wyoming valley hastened to the scene of hostilities^
and in the winter of 1775-6 some removed their families
to Connecticut that they might join the army. Lieuten-
ant I )badiah Gore, with twenty or thirty others, went to the
field direct from the valley. After the dc< laration of inde-
pendence it became evident that forf; for the defense ol
the valley and lor ])laces of refuge in times of danger
should be erected; and at a town meeting held -Vugusi
24th, 1776, it was voted " that this meeting do recommend
t
5°
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
it to the people to proceed forthwith in Isiiilding said
forts without either fee or reward from ye town." Pur-
suant to this recommendation was built Fort Jenkins,
a stockkade around the house of John Jenkins at what is
now West Pittston, just above the northwest end of
the Pittston ferry bridge. Fort Wintermoot, about a
mile farther down the river, near a fine spring, was built
by some settlers from New Jersey, who were after-
ward more than suspected of being lories; and Forty Fort,
so named from the forty original proprietors of the town-
ship of Kingston, was built near the center of the town-
ship and included about an acre of ground. W'ilkes-Uarre
Fort was situated just above the mouth of Mill creek, to
guard the mills on the stream. Wyoming Fort was on
the east bank of the river, not far from the foot of South
street in Wilkes-Barre; and Stewart's block house was
also on the east bank of the river, about three miles
below, in Hanover. There was also a stockade at
Pittston, nearly opi^osite Fort Jenkins.
By reason of representations that had been made to
Congress of the exposed condition of the valley to incur-
sions by the Indians, who were becoming insolent and
were suspected of favoring the British, Congress by reso-
lution .August 23d, 1776, authorized the raising in the
town of Westmoreland of two full companies to be
"stationed in proper places for the defense of the inhab-
itants of said town and parts adjacent till further order
of Congress." These companies were by the terms of
the resolution "liable to serve in any part of the United
States when ordered by Congress." On the 26th of the
same month Congress appointed as ofificers of these com-
jjanies Robert Durkee and Samuel Ransotn, captains;
James Wells and Perrin Ross, first lieutenants; Asahel
Buck and Simon Spalding, second lieutenants; and Her-
man Smith and Matthias Hollenback, ensigns. Lieuten-
ant Buck resigned and John Jenkins, jr., was appointed
to (ill the vacancy. These companies were already in
existence, under the captains named, as volunteer organ-
izations, but they had not their full quotas of men till
the 17th of September, when they were mustered into the
United States service as the two independent companies
of Westmoreland. The following is a copy of the muster
roll of the first independent company from Wyoming in
the Revolutionary army. Exce])t Waterman Baldwin
who enlisted January 7th, 1777, the members of this
I ompany enlisted September 17th, 1776.
faptain, Robert Duikf-e; first Iknitonant, .lames Wells; second lieu-
tenant, Asahel ISvick ; ensign, Herman !<wift: first sergeant, Thomas
Mct'lure ; seconrt sergeant, Peiegrine (iarilner ; thirrt, Thomas Baldwin ;
fourth, .Tohn Hutchinson; corporals -Eilwarfl Setter, Azel H.vdc, Jere-
nnah Coleman, Jien.iamin Clark : privates— Walter Daldwin, .James liat;-
le.v, Eleazer llu tier, Moses Brown, Charles Iteiniet. William lUiek, jr.,
.\sa Urown, .Tames Brown, .jr., David lirctwn. Waterman Baldwin, John
Car.v, .lesse Coleman. Wiliiam Cornelius, Samuel Cole, William Davison,
Douglass Da\ison, William Dunn, Daniel Denton. Samuel l^Lnsi^'U, Na-
tlianicl Evans. .lohn Foster, Eiederiek Follet, Nathaniel Fry, .Tames
Frisli.v, .ir.. Elisha Garret, .lames Gould, Titus (iarret, Mumford Gardner,
-•kbraham Ilamester, Israel Harding, Ilenr.v Harding, Thomas Harding,
Stephen Harding, Oliver Harding, Itiehard Halsled, Thonuis Hill, .Tohn
Halsted, Ben.iamin Harvey. Solomon .Tiduison, -Asahel .Teiome, .Tohn
Kelly, Stephen Mun.son, Seth Marvin, Martin Nelson, Stephen Te(til>one,
Stephen Preston, Thomas Porter, Aaron Perkins, .lolui I'erkins, lOhene-
zer Phillips, Ashabel lioliinson, Ira Stevens, Klislia Sills, Elicnezer Shiner,
Asa Smith, Robert Sharer, Isaac Smith, Luke Sweetland, Shadraeh Sills.
Samuel Tubbs, William Terry, John Tubbs, Ephraim Tyler, Edwaiil
Walker, Ohadiah Walker, James Wells, jr.. Nathaniel Williams. Thomas
Wilson.
The following is a copy of a pay roll of the 2nd inde-
]jendent company from Wyoming. Its term of service
was three years from January ist, 1777.
Captain,. Samuel Ransom; captain, Simon Spalding; lieutenant, Si-
mon Spalding; lieutenatit, Timotliy Fierce : lieutenant, John Jenkins;
ensign, Timothy Pierce ; lirst sergeant, Parker Wilson ; second sergeant,
,Tosiah Pasco; privates— Caleb Atherton, Mason F. Alden, Samuel Hil-
lings, Jesse Bezale, Jehial liillings, Isaac Benjamin, Oliver licnnet, Asa-
hel Burnham, liufus Bennet. Benjamin Clark, Gordon Ch\irch, Price
Cooper, Josiah Corning, Benjamin 1 'ole, Nathan Church, Daniel Franklin,
Charles Gaylord, Ambrose Gaylord, Justin Gaylord, Benjamin Hemp-
.stead, Timothy Hopkins, William Kellog, Lawrence Kinney, Daniel
Lawrence, Nicholas Manswell, Elisha Matthewson, Constant Matthew-
son, William MeClure, Thomas Neal, Asahel Nash, John O'Neal. Peter
Osterhout, AmosOrmsburg, Thoiuas Packett, Ebenezer Roberts, Samuel
Saucer, Asa Sawyer, Stephen Skiff, John Swift, Constant Searle, William
Smith, jr., Elisha Satterlec, Robert Spencer, John Vangordon, Thomas
Williams, Caleb Warden, Richard Woodstock, Elijah Walker, Zeber
AVilliams.
Of those who left this company and returned to Wyo-
ming to take part in the battle on the 3d of July, 1778,
the following were killed: Captain Robert Durkee, Cap-
tain Samuel Ransom, Lieutenant Timothy Pierce, Lieu-
tenant James \\'ells, and privates Samuel Cole, Daniel
Denton, William Dunn, Daniel Lawrence and Constant
Searle.
It will be remembered that in the autumn of 1776 the
army under General Washington retired from Long
Island, followed by the advancing army of General
Howe, and on the 8th of December crossed the Dela-
ware. On the I 2th of the same month Congress, by reso-
lution, directed " that the two companies raised in the
town of Westmoreland be ordered to join General Wash-
ington with all possible expedition;" an order which they
at once obeyed, and reached the army before the clo.se
of the year. They were in the battle of Millstone on the
2nd of January, 1777, and their good conduct there elicited
the commendations of their commanding officers. They
were also in the battles of Bound Brook, Brandywine,
German town and Mud Fort.
During the year 1777 the situation in the Wyoming
\'alley was not materially changed. The alliance between
the British and Indians, which had from the first been
feared, notwithstanding the professions of neutrality of
the latter, was formed on the 20th of June, when the
Indians were taken by General Burgoyne into the Brit-
ish service and the price of $10 each for human scalps
was offered them by him. Tories resided on the north-
ern border of the settlement, as well as between Tunk-
hannock and Wyalusing; and between these and the
Indians in the vicinity of Tioga, Chemung and Newtown
it was learned that communication was kept up. Evi-
dences of sympathy with the British government on the
part of settlers to the north and west from the valley who
came from New York, Delaware and lower Pennsylvania,
became more and more apparent. Several persons who
were suspected of tory sentiments had been arrested and
sent to Connecticut by the committee of inspection, and
in the autumn of this year several scouting parties were
sent by the same committee up the river and between
thirty and forty tories were arrested, some of them taken
vith arms in their hands. A conspiracy among them to
THE BURDENS 01- WESTMORKF, AND— PROTECTION WITHDRAWN.
bring the Tioga Indians on the settlement was broken ii))
by the arrest of these tories.
Hon. I'eter M. Osterhout rehites that Zebulon Marcy
was with one of these scouting parties a short distance
above Tiinkhannock, and that " a tory by the name of
.Adam Wormian (a Dutchman) came out of his house
armed with a gun. His wife called to him, 'Shoot, Adanil
Shoot ! ' Adam fired, and the bail struck an old fashioned
iron tobacco box in the vest pocket of Marcy and lodged,
making an indentation of the size of the bullet but doing
no other damage. One of the party lired, giving Wort-
rnan a mortal wound. He begged for help and asked
that they should send for a jihysician. Dr. William
Hooker Smith, a noted surgeon who was called, remarked
as he set out that if lie was not dead when he arrived he
would not live long afterward. The tobacco box is still
in possession of the family."
It is proper here to state that these tories alleged they
had been driven to their atTiliation with the British and
Indians by the hostile attitude of the Yankees at Wyo-
ming, who had persecuted and annoyed them because they
had obtained the titles to their lands from the State of Penn-
sylvania; and that the Indians became hostile to the .Amer-
icans because of the conduct of the Connecticut settlers.
Although the Indians had up to the close of this year
made no descent on the valley, they had taken prisoners
some whom the tories had betrayed into their hands, and
among them Lieutenant John Jenkins, who was taken to
Niagara and afterward to Montreal. He subsequently
escaped, and arrived home in June of the next year.
The patriotism of the people here is attested by the
fact that burdens greatly disproportioned to those of other
citizens of Connecticut were imposed on them and borne
for the sake of the cause with but few murmurs. The
two companies that had been raised in Westmoreland
tor the defense of the town, and ordered to the field in
an emergency, were retained to contribute toward the half
filled quota of Connecticut. According to a calculation
by the excellent historian Miner, Westmoreland had in
the field more than eight times its proportion of the quota
of that State ; and these troops were retained as before
stated to swell the quota of Connecticut, leaving only old
men and boys to defend the settlement against sudden
irruptions of Indians, notwithstanding its isolated con-
dition. Six forts were in process of construction by these
people "without fee or reward," and the military organ-
izations of these exempt men were constantly in reijui-
sition to guard against surprise or to go upon scouts.
The town was taxed by the State of Connecticut to the
amount of ^2,000. In view of the fact that the town had
steadfastly maintained its allegiance to the province,
w^ithout assistance from the latter, when it was repeatedly
invaded, and had sent the flower of its youth to help fill
the quota of the State, it is, as Miner says, a matter of
surprise "that a sum so considerable, or indeed any sum,
should be demanded of Wyoming for the purposes of the
State treasury at Hartford."
A few quotations will show by what kind of a spirit the
people were animated at that time:
".\t a town meeting legally warned, holden December
30th, 1777, John Jenkins was chosen moderator for ye
work of ye day."
" Voted by this town, that the committee of inspection
be empowered to supply the sogers' wives and the sogei-'
widows and their tamilies with the necessaries of life."
Of this xote Miner says: " Let it be engraved on
plates of silver! Let it be printed in letters of gold!
Challenge Rome in her republican glory, or Oreece in
her democratic pride, to produce, circumstances con
sidered, an act more generous and noble."
Of the women it was said: "Justice and gratitude de-
ninnd a tribute to the praiseworthy spirit of the wives
and daughters of Wyoming. While their husbands and
fathers were away on public duty they cheerfully assumed
a large portion of the labor which females could do.
They assisted to plant, made the hay, husked and
gathered the corn and gathered the harvest."
The commencement of the year 1778 found the aspect
of affairs somewhat changed in .\merica. deneral Bur-
goyne had been defeated and had surrendered at Sara-
toga, and there was no effective British force to prosecute
a campaign for that year. The avowed policy of the
enemy was therefore to carry on a devastating frontier
warfare by tories and Indians. Under these circuin-
starices, of course, the fenrs of the inhabitants of this
valley were excited for their own safety. By their ener-
getic measures against the tories up the river they had
incurred their deadly hatred, and they had well grounded
reasons to apprehend an attack from these and the Indians
of the Six Nations beyond. They also had reason to fear
that for strategic purposes the settlement would be at-
tacked. Its destruction would remove the only barrier
to a descent on the German settlements farther south, or
an attack on it would divert the .American forces from
other i)oints. Early in the year it became known that
preparations were being made for attacks on the frontiers
of New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia, and appeals
were made to Congress for protection. To these ap-
peals Congress responded by authorizing the town of
Westmoreland to raise a company of infantry for
the defense of the town and the settlements of the
neighborhood against Indians and other enemies, "and
that the said company find their own arms, accou-
trements and blankets." In other words, they appealed
for help and received a gracious permission to help them-
selves, after their means for doing so had been exhausted.
Miner justly says: "Wyoming seems to have been
doomed by a selfishness which cannot be designated
except by terms which respect forbids us to employ."
As early as May it was expected from the appearance
of Indian scouts in the vicinity that an attack on the
valley was meditated, and these suspicions were confirmed
when, on the 2nd of June, Lieutenant John Jenkins re-
turned from his captivity and informed the settlers that
the plan had been formed at Niagara to invade the fron-
tier. At about the same time an Indian spy who came
into the settlement was made drunk, and while in tha'
condition revealed the fact that an attack on the valley
52
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
was soon to be made. During the month of June attacks
were made on frontier settlements at various points.
Jenkins says: "The whole frontier was aglow with fire-
desolation and death, beneath the fagot, tomahawk, rifle
and scalping knife of the Indians and their cruel and im-
placable allies the British and tories."
"During the month of June some acts of hostility by the
Indians and tories occurred. On the 12th William
Crooks was shot and scalped about two miles above
Tunkhannock at the abandoned house of the tory John
Secord; and on the ryth a recon.ioitering party of si.K
were fired on about si.x miles below Tunkhannock, and
one of the party, named Miner Robbins, killed, and
another, named Joel Phelps, wounded.
When tlie threatening aspects of affairs in the valley
came to be known in the field. Captains Durkee and
Ransom, of the companies from Westmoreland, with
Lieutenants Wells and Ross and about 20 privates, left
and hastened home. The comijanies were then, by a
resolution of Congress passed June 23d, 1778, consoli-
dated, under Captain Simon Spalding; and afterward, it
is said, were ordered to march to Lancaster, and still
later to Wyoming, but not in season to be of service.
In the latter jjart of June it became known that the
forces of the enemy were concentrating at Newtown and
Tioga, preparatory to a descent on the valley. These
forces consisted of about four hundred British and tories,
under Major John Butler, and four or five hundred
Indians, largely composed of Senecas. They descended
the Susquehanna and landed not far from the mouth of
Bowman's creek, where they remained until they were
joined by about two hundred more Senecas, who had
been to the west branch. They left the large boats here
and passed with the smaller ones down to the "Three
Islands," fifteen miles above the valley. They marched
thence to Sutton's creek, where they were encamped on
the evening of the 30th. On the morning of that day a
party of twelve from Fort Jenkins passed up the river a
few miles to their work. Toward evening they were
attacked by the Indians ; several were killed, others
taken prisoners and four escaped, arriving at the fort on
the morning of July ist. While the settlers were march-
ing on that day, under the command of Colonel Zebulon
Butler, of the Continental army Uhen at home-, and
Colonel Denison and Lieutenant Colonel Dorrance, to
bring down tlie bodies of their slain neighbors, the enemy
were marching toward the valley on the northwestern
side of the mountain, on the eastern side of which they
encamped, in full view of the valley. On the morning of
the 2nd Fort Wintermoot was opened to them by its
tory occupants, and on the evening of the same day the
garrison of Fort Jenkins capitulated. The day was spent
by the settlers in gathering the women and children in
places of safety, mostly in Forty Fort, which was about
four miles below Fort Wintermoot, and in making i)re-
parations for defense. Steuben Jenkins thus describes
the condition of things in the valley on the 3d:
"The upper pint (if tlie valley, cm the west side of the river, was in
the hands of the enemy, nnmtjerinjf 1,11*1 men, well armed and equipped,
thirsting: for conquest and blood.
"So complete and etfeetive was their possession that no person had
been able to pass their lines to five information of either their numbers,
position or purpose.
" Jenkins's Fort, on the Susquehanna, just above the west end of the
Pittstcju ferry bridg-e, was in their posssession, havinjr capitulated the
day before, but possession had not been taken until this uiornins-.
" W'intermoot Fort, situate on the liunk of the plain, about a mile and
a half below and about half a mile from the river, had b:>en in their po.s-
session all the day before, and was used as their headquarters.
" Forty Fort, some four miles further down the river, situate f)n the
west bank of the Susquehanna, was the largest and strong-est fort in the
valley. Thither had tied all the people on the west side of the river on
the 1st and ;ind, and this was to be the gathering point of the patriot
band. The Wilkes- ISarre and Pittston forts were the srathering points
for the people in their immediate neighborhood.
" The forces, such as they were, were distributed throughout the val-
ley somewhat as follows :
" The Kingston eompan.v, commanded by Captain Aholiab Buck, num-
bering about forty men, was at Forty Fort.
"The L^hawnee company, commanded by Captain Asaph Wliittleaej',
numbering about forty-four men, was at Forty Fort.
"The Hanover company, commanded by Captain William MeKar-
rachen, numbering about thirty, was at home, in Hanover.
"The upper Wilkes-Barre eompan.v, commanded by Captain Ke/.in
fleer, nmuliering about thirty men, was at Wilkes-Barre.
" The lower Wilkes-Barre company, commanded b.v Captain Jantes Bid-
lack, jr., numbering about thirty-eight men, was at Wilkes-Barre.
"The Pittston company, commanded by Captain .leremiah Blanehard,
numbering about forty men, wasat Pittston Fort.
"The Huntington and Salem company, commanded by Captain .John
Franklin, numbering about thirty-tive men, was at home.
" These were the militia, or train-bands, of the settlement, and in-
eluded all who were able to bear arms, without regard to age. old men
and boys were enrolled in them.
" Then there was Captain Detrick Hewitt's company, formed and kept
together under the resolution of Congress, to which reference has al-
ready been made.
" Besides these, there was a number who were not enrolled in any of
the companies, numbering about one hundred ; and in addition, there
were a number in the valley who had been driven from the settlements
up the river. Making altogether in the valley a force of men of all ages.
and boys, numbering about four hundred."
Colonel Zebulon Butler, who had been designated to
command the forces in the valley, was at Wilkes-Barre-
placing things in order for defense there. On the morn-
ing of the 3d a flag was sent by Major Butler demanding
the unconditional surrender of Forty Fort, with Captain
Hewitt's company and the public stores, and threatening
to move on them at once in case of a refusal. Colonel
Denison, who was in command of the fort, refused, and
sent immediately for Colonel Butler, who ordered up the
two companies from Wilkes-Barre and the one from
Hanover. It was decided on consultation to hold the
fort; and in order to secure delay for the possible arrival
of the company of Captain Spalding, who it was learned
was on the way, and also that of Captain Franklin, a fl.ig
was sent to Major Butler, asking for a conference. This
flag was fired on, as were two others that were afterward
sent out. At 3 P. M. a force of about four hundred
including old men and boys, left Forty Fort and marched
up the valley to protect it against the prowling Indians.
They proceeded about a mile and halted at Ab-iham's
creek, where the road now crosses it on a stone bridge.
Another flag was sent from that point, but it was fired
on, and up to this time the scouts which had been sent
out had brought no definite information as to the strength
and probable designs of the enemy. A discussion arose
here as to the measures proper to be adopted in view of
the circumstances, and the debate became very earnest,
and even personal. Some of the most sanguine demand-
ed to be led forward and attack the enemy at once,
while the more cool and judicious opposed this
THE BATTLE OF WYOMING.
5.'.
course. Scouts reported that the enemy was ijiob-
ably preparing to leave the valley. Charges of cow-
ardice were made, and the Hanover company be-
came mutinous and threatened a revolt. .An ad-
vance was decided on, and they proceeded to a
point near the hill just below the monument, where they
were met by scouts who reported Fort Wintermoot on
fire and the enemy leaving the valley. They advanced
to a point near the southwestern bounds of the fair
ground, where they formed in line of battle, extending
soiTie 1, 600 feet northwesterly from the edge of the terrace
which forms the plain. In this order they advanced cau-
tiously about a mile, and when within forty or fifty rods of
Fort Wintermoot they counted the line off into odds and
evens, and each advanced alternately ten paces and fired
while the others loaded. .As they advanced the enemy
fell back before them. When the line had reached a
point as far up as Fort Wintermoot, the line of the
British and lories was formed beliind a log fence on the
opposite side of a cleared field. The firing had become
general along these lines. The Indians, who were con-
cealed behind the shrubbery of a marsli to the left, broke
from their cover and made an impetuous attack on that
flank. To prevent them from gaining the rear, Colonel
Denison, who commanded the left wing, gave the order
to fall back and form an oblique line. This order was
misunderstood and confusion was the result. Jenkins
says of the battle after this:
"The IiKliiuis, meantime, riislicil in upon them, yelling-, liranilishintf
their sp&iis and tnmahawks, anil the liritish and tories pressed down
upon them in front, pourinjr in a terrildc tire.
•' Uroken, borne ilown li.v overwhelminff nuinliers, and pressed b.v an
irrcsistiljle foree. the left trave way and fell liaek on the rijrht. The
movement was rapid and eonfiisod ami brought confusion on the right.
From contusion to disorder, from disorder to broken lines, and thence
to flight, weie but steps in regular gradation. The llight became a
slaughter, the slaughter a niassjicre. Such was the battle.
" It was ini|)ossible that the result of the battle should have been dif-
ferent. The enemy was three to one, and hail the advantage of position.
Our men fougiit bravely, but it was of no avail.
"Every captain fell at his position in the line, and there the men lay
like sheaves of wheat after the harvestei-s." ■
The fugitives were pursued by the Indians and tories,
who vied with each other in the work of slaughter.
Space will not permit a detail of all the horrors of that
night. The following account of the tragedy at what is
known as Queen Esther's Rock (which still lies on the
field , is taken from Jenkins's centennial address:
"(In the evening of the battle sixteen of the prisoners taken on the
held of battle and in the flight, under promise of ijuarter. were collected
together by their savage eaptoi-s around a rock near the brow of the
hill at th.' southeast of the village of W.voming, and a little nuire than
a mile from the Held of action. The roek at that time was about two
feet high (m its eastern front, with a surface four or five feet .square,
running back to a level with the ground and beneath it at its western
extremity. Thi' prisoners were arranged in a ring around Iliis rock, and
were surn)unded with a bod.v of two hunclred savages, uniier the lead-
ei-ship and inspiration of (^ueen llsther. a fury i[i the form of woman,
who assumed the olliee of exeenlioner. The victims, one at a time, were
taken from the devoleil circli' ami led to the east front of the roek,
where they were made to sit down. Thc-y were then taken by the hairand
their heads pulle<l back on the rock, when the bloody yween Ksther with
death-maul would dash out their brains. The savages, as lach victim
was in this manner inunolated,would clance around in a ring, holding each
others' hands, shouting and hallooing. closing with the death-whoop.
In Ihlsnutnner fourteen of the party had been put to death. The fury
of the savage ipieen increased with the work of blood. Seeing there
was no other way or hopeof deliverance, I.ebbeus llanunond, one of the
prisoners, in a lit of desperation, with a sudileii spring broke through
the circle of Indians and tied toward the mountain. Kifles cracked I
Tomahawks fli.w : Indlann yelleii: Ilul llammoinl helil on his eourx'
for about firiy rods, whi'ii he xlumbli'il anil fell, but iipniiig n|> agalM.
Stopping for a moment to listen, he found his pursuernon tiieh side of
hiui, or a little ahead, running and yelling like iletni.iin. He ulepixil Ih--
hlnd a large pine Irei- to lake bmilh, when, n-flectliig that his pur»uers
being already ahenil of him he would gulii nothing by going on In thai
direction, he turned anil nin for the river In such a courw as lo a\o|il
the parly around the fatal rock, and yel to ki-<|i an eye on Ihem. lie
passed by without being se<n, went down and plunged Into the lijgh
grass in the swampy ground at the fool of llii' hill, where In- n-nuilniil
concealed for about two hours, walehing Ihe movements and listening
to the yells of lis savage pursuers. He llmilly cniwled out of Ills con-
cealment, iiiiitliMisly made his way to the river, and llienei' down 10 the
fort."
On the morning of the 4th, Major Butler sent a llag lo
Forty Fort, inviting Colonel Denison lo come to his
headquarters and agree on terms of capitulation. During
the time that was granted for consultation Colonel /ebu-
lon Butler and the survivors of Captain Hewitt's company
fled, to avoid being given up as prisoners, as dtmanded
at first by Major Butler. The terms of capitulation
agreed on were honorable, and it is believed that Major
Butler exerted liimself lo have them strictly carried out.
The Indians, however, as he alleged, could not be con-
trolled. They set fire to the village of Wilkes-Barre.
which was consumed and plundered, and burned the
proijerty of the settlers, in violation of these terms. He
said to Colonel Denison: ' Make out a list of the prop-
erty lost, and I pledge my honor it shall be paid for." It
is just to state that Major Butler requested to have a
quantity of whiskey which was in the fort destroyed be-
fore he took possession, to prevent the Indians from
being made mad with it; and that the barrels, si.xteen in
number, were rolled into the river, and the heads were
knocked in after they were afloat.
It is but justice to say of Major Butler that his con-
duct was not marked by the atrocities that some have
imputed to him. Miner says of him that his haste to de-
part from the valley " can only be accounted for on the
supposition that he was sickened by the tortures already
committed, dreaded the further cruelties of the Indians,
and desired by his absence to escape the responsibility of
their future conduct." He left the valley on the 8th. A
portion of the Indians remained after his departure and
continued the work of wanton destruction.
The statements of the number slain in this battle and
massacre have varied from 160 to 360. Probably it may
be safely estimated at 300. The names which have been
ascertained, and inscribed on the monument that has
been erected to the memory of the heroes of this battle,
are given in the history of the village of Wyoming.
On the night of the massacre most of the inhabitants of
the valley had fled, either down the river or to the cast^
and many of those who remained escaped on the night of
the 4th The number who thus became fugitives is not
known, but it has been estimated at 2,000. Most of
them were women and c hildren, whose protectors were m
the Continental army or were lying dead on the batik-
field. On crossing the river they plunged into the moun-
tain wilderness, beyond which lay a wide and dismal
swamp. How many perished in their flight over the
mountains and through this swamp, or by what sufterings
and lingering tortures they died, will never be known
54
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
It is known, however, lliat hundreds were never again
seen after they left the valley, and because of the number
that perished in the swamp it was called " The Shades of
Death."
At the time of the battle Captain Spalding's company
was within forty or fifty miles of the valley, marching
toward it. On the evening of the sth they met the fore-
most of the fugitives. They continued their march till
they arrived at the top of the mountain range overlooking
the valley, when they separated into parties to protect the
fugitives, and after a few days followed them in their
night, scouring the forest and assisting those who were
exhausted by fatigue and hunger. In this way they saved
many from perishing. They thus assisted the fugitives in
their flight as far as Stroudsburg and remained till the
4th of August. They then, accompanied by many of
these fugitives, returned to the valley, of which they held
possession until the close of the war.
Although no force was afterward during the year 1778
sent against the valley, the Indians continued to prowl
around the settlements, and from time to time steal on
those whom they found in their fields or houses unpre-
pared to defend themselves, for the purpose of obtaining
scalps, prisoners or plunder.
In September Colonel Hartley, of the Pennsylvania
troops, with a force of 130 men, including a company of
Wyoming volunteers commanded by Captain Franklin,
made a successful expedition against the Indians on the
west branch and at Tioga, destroying their towns and
property. After the return of this expedition the
Indians re-appeared in this vicinity, and from their
secure hiding places in the mountains continued their
predatory attacks on such settlers as returned and at-
tempted to cultivate their fields. Many were killed by
savage scalping parties in their stealthy descents, and
many others carried into captivity. Among the latter
was Frances Slocum, whose romantic story has often
been told. She was taken on the 2nd of November,
when only five years old, from her father's house near
Fort Wilkes-Barre and carried into captivity. No tidings
were ever received of her till about sixty years later,
when she was discovered near Logansport, Ind., and
visited by her brothers She had forgotten her native
language, had survived her Indian husband and reared
a family of children. She refused to return to her kin-
dred, preferring to remain with her family and the
people among whom her life had been passed, and whose
habits, religion, etc., she had adopted.
The bodies of those who were slain at the l)attle and
massacre of the 3d of July remained on the field till the
22nd of the following October, when a guard was detailed
from Camp Westmoreland, under Lieutenant John Jen-
kins, for the protection of those to whom was assigned
the melancholy duty of interring these martyrs.
During about two months in the winter of 1778-9 the
depredations of the prowling Indians were suspended;
but in March, 1779, a force of about 250 appeared in
the valley, and after a demonstration against a block
house in Kingston, and the theft of some sixty head of
cattle, failing to draw the forces defending the valley
into an ambush, they boldly approached the Wilkes-
Barre fort, which was garrisoned by only 100 men.
though urgent appeals for more had been made by
Colonel Butler. They were repulsed from the fort, but
continued their work of plunder in the valley. Colonel
Butler was reinforced by a German regiment of about
three hundred, and soon drove the marauders from the
open portions of the valley. They hovered about in the
mountains, however, waylaying people in the passes, and
with much audacity making occasional descents into the
valley. Near Laurel Run, some four miles from the fort,
they ambushed Major Powell, with a small regiment that
was marching to the valley, and succeeded in throwing
his forces into confusion. Succor from the fort arrived
and escorted this small force to the valley.
During the spring and early summer of 1779 active
preparations were made for a campaign into the country
of the Six Nations. General Sullivan was placed in
command of this expedition, and the force, consisting o(
about three thousand men, made their rendezvous on the
flats below Wilkes-Barre and in Fort Durkee. These
preparations were of course watched by the wily fee,
who knew well what was the object of the expedition,
and who sought by attacks on Freeland's Fort on the
west branch, Minisink, in Orange county, N. Y., and a
settlement on the Lackawaxen, to divert the attention of
General Sullivan and divide his army; but this expedient
failed.
On the 24th of July a large fleet of boats from the
lower Susquehanna arrived, loaded with military stores.
On the 28th ninety wagons, loaded also with military
stores, arrived, and on the 31st the expedition marched,
leaving a garrison at Wyoming under Colonel Z. Butler.
The land force marched up the east side of the river,
halting from time to time and waiting at their camping
places to enable the boats to keep within a safe distance.
According to Colonel Hubley's journal, as published in
the appendix to Miner's history, they encamped the first
night at the confluence of the Lackawanna and Sus-
quehanna' rivers. On the ist of August they marched
about seven miles, to a place called Quilutimunk, where
they encamped. A portion of the army passed over the
mountain to guard against surprise by the savages, and
the encampment was not reached till near morning.
They remained at this place through the 2nd, and on the
3d marched to a point above the mouth of the Tunkhan-
nock. On the 4th they marched about fourteen miles
and encamped on Vanderlip's and Williamson's farms.
On the 5th they marched to Wyalusing, passing a place
called DejHie's farm, where Colonel Hartley had been
attacked by the Indians the previous year. On the 9th
they arrived at Shesequin or Queen Esther's Plains, and
on the nth at Tioga Point. Here a junction was effect-
ed with General Clinton, who with his force had
come down from Otsego lake, the head waters of the
Susquehanna, in boats on an artificial freshet, made by
damming the outlet of that lake. After the junction the
combined army nio\'ed forward, penetrated the country
*^^—
LATER Rp:VOLUTION.\kV I NCmF.NTS— WKSIMORKI. AM i.
of the savages on thf Siisi|uolianiin and (ienesee rivefN,
burned tlieir towns, destroyed llieir crops and iiroperty,
and inflicted on them injuries from which they never re-
covered. Having accomplished their work lliey returned
to Wyoming, where tliey arrived early in ()(:tol)er, and
were welcomed at a sumptuous entertainment by Colonel
Butler.
In this campaign only forty men were lost, by sickness
or otherwise, out of more than three thousand. On the
lotli of October this army left Wyoming for Easton.
Says Marshall, as ipioted by Miner: "While Sidlivnn
laid waste the country on the Suscpiehanna another
expedition was carried on from Pittsburg up the Alle-
gheny against the Mingo, Muncy and Seneca tribes. .\i
the head of between six and seven hundred men he
advanced two hundred miles up the river and destroyed
the villages and cornfields on its head branches."
It was confidently hofied that the chastisement whic h
Sullivan had indicted on the savages had so cri])pled them
as to prevent further depredation, and a sense of security
began to be entertained among tlie settlers who remaincti.
This, however, was of sliort duration. Exasperated and
thirsting for revenge, the Indians reappeared among the
mountains about Wyoming in prowling marauding bands
in the spring of 1780, and many depredations were com-
mitted on the settlers who had ventured fartheraway from
ihe forts in the towns of Kingston, I'lymouth and Han-
over. ( Did space permit many instances might be given
of the murder or capture of the inhabitants and the adven-
tures and escapes of the prisoners. The garrison at
\V'ilkes-Barre had come to be so weak that pursuit from
it was not feared, and many scalping parties passed the
settlement for the purpose of committing depredations
farther south. In September, 1780, a band secretly
passed Wyoming, crossed the river near the mouth of
Nescopeck creek and surprised a party of men at Sugar-
loaf valley, killing thirteen; took away some prisoners
and booty, and on their return burned the Shickshinny
mills and many grain stacks. In December a raid on the
valley was made by nineteen white men and five Indians
and seven prisoners were taken away.
The Lackawanna valley was not, like Wyoming, the
theater of active operations in the Revolutionary war.
It was scarcely settled till after the close of that contest,
and only afforded hiding places for scalping parties of
savages.
During the years 1781 and 17.S2 the valley and the
\icinity were several times visited by small jjarties of In-
dians, who pillaged, murdered and took away i>risoners,
but no attack was made by any considerable force. It
is worthy of remark that no settlement on the frontiers
suffered more severely in proportion to its population
during the Revolution than Wyoming valley. The loss
at the battle July 3d, 1778, as before stated, has been es-
timated at 300, and it was thought that 200 more perished
in their flight. These, along with those who were from
time to time during the succeeding four years murdered
by the Indians, amount to more than one-fifth of the en-
tire population of the valley at the time of the massacre.
In addition to this the sufferings of the survivors wer.
great and the destruction of property was immense.
( IIAITKR \ 11.
civil. IIHIUKV — KOfNKARIKS, ORi; A.NIZ A HON, COUNTV
IU'll.t>IN(;S AM) Civil. I.ISI.
(■■i
' "'' IF ^ ''' '*"'"S^K'^' •""■ 'lie possession of this region
{by settlers who ( l.iimed it as a part of Con-
necticut has been described. The govern-
|t' i>>-l 'I'ent of Connecticut look the same position;
I'S) 'I'liJ the .\sscinbly of that St.iie in January. 1774.
iT-jfr-" created from the lerriiory claimed by it west of
the Delaware river the town of Westmoreland, as
a part of Litchfield county. On the east this v.isi town
was bounded by the Delaware river; on the west by a
meridian passing fifteen miles west of the Wyoming set-
tlements; on the south by the forty-first and on the north
by the forty-second parallel of north latitude— Ihe present
Pennsylvania and New York line.
On the 2nd of the following M.irch the voters of the
new town, in town meeting assembled, organized West
moreland by the election of a hundred oflficcrs about
half the voting population), consisting of treasurer, select-
men, constables and collectors of rates, surveyors of
highways, fence viewers, listers, leather sealers, grand
jurors, tithing men. sealers of weights and measures and
key keepers. Colonel Zebulon Huller was elected treas-
urer; Christopher Avery. John Jenkins, Nathaniel Lan-
don, Samuel Ransom, Caleb Bates, Silas I'arke and Ros-
well Franklin, selectmen; and Asa Stevens. Tim.iihy
Smith, Jonathan Haskel. .\saph Whiillesy, Noah .\dains.
Phineas Clark and William Smith, constables and collect
ors of rates.
At the autumn session of the Connecticut Legislature
in 1776 Westmoreland was made a county, and at the
next session John Jenkins was appointed judge of the
county court for the ensuing year. The whole period of
Westmoreland's administrative connection with Conne<
ticut corresponds very nearly with the duration of the
Revolutionary war. When made a town it contained the
townships of Wilkes- Barre. Hanover, Plymouth. Kingston
and Pittston, established by the Sus(|uehanna Company;
and to these were added before its severance from Con-
necticut Huntington, Salem, Newport, I'rovidence, Exeter.
Bedford. Northumberland. Tunkhannock, Braintrim,
Springfield, Clavcrack and I'Ister. The population of
Westmoreland in 1774 was 1,922. The assessment ai ■
companying the tax list of 1775 was ^13,083.
The following list o( justices of the peace at Wyoming
under Connecticut was kindly contributed by the Hon
Steuben Jenkins;
ITTJ. Jotiii Smilli, Kiniriloii; ITTI. Thiiiiiiii MoilMi iiml iNiiir lliililwlii,
ritttiton: im-r:, John Jc-nkinis Kxi'tor: ITT«-". ITs2. ZctiiilDn lliill.i.
Wllkfw-lliirrv; 1774, I77«, ITKI. i'Si, Nulhnii lieiilwiii, Klnpilnn : ITTi.l-llii-
■NH-
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
I'arks, Lackawanna : 1773, Bushnall Hostick, Joseph tsUnnaii and Increase
Moselcy ; 1774, 1777, 177il. Uriah Chapman : 1776, 1778, 177(1, William Judd ;
1777, 177K, 17H-', Obadiah Gore. Kingston ; 1777, 1778, William McKarraehan,
Hanover; 1777, 1778, Christopher Avery, Wilkes-Barre; 1778, Asaph
Whittlesey, Plymouth, and Caleb Bates, Pittston; 177!l, Zcrah Beach.
Salem, Stephen Harding, Exeter, Zebulon Marey, Tunkhannock, and
.Idhn Hurlhiirt. Hanover; 1783. Nalhaniel Landon, Kingston ; 1781, 1782,
Ahel Pierce, Kinfiston, and Hugh Fordsnian, Wilkes-Barre ; 1780-82, .John
Franklin, Huntington; 177li, John Vincent.
Also the following list of justices of the peace at
Wyoming under I'ennsylvania ])re\'ious to the organiza-,
tion of Luxerne county; all of them appointed in April,
1783:
Alexander Patterson, Hobert Martin, John Chamliers and David
Mead, of Xorthunibcrland county ; John Seely, Henry Shoemaker and
Luke lirodhcad, of N'orthampton county; Nathan nenison, of Wyo-
ming ; his name was used without his consent, and he refused to act.
Under the constitution of 1776 and the act of Assem-
bly approved on the 26th of September, 1786, justices
were elected in the county in the three districts formed
by the act erecting the county, to serve for seven years.
The following were so elected:
1787, Matthias HoUenback and William Hooker Smith, first district ;
lienjamin Carpenter and James Nisbett. second district ; < tbadiah Gore
and Nathan Kingsley. third district; 178.S. Noah Murray, second district;
1781), Christopher Ilurlliut, lirst district ; 17!I0, Lawrence Myers, Kings-
ton township.
Under the constitution of i 790 the governor appointed
the justices of the peace, to serve during good behavior,
in districts to be made up of one or more townships. The
following were so appointed:
1791, Lawrence M.vers, Kingston township; Arnold Colt and William
Koss, Solomon Avery and John Phillips, Wilkcs-Iiarre district; Guy
Xhi.xwell. Tioga district ; Peter Orubh and Nathan Beach, Kingston dis-
trict; Christopher Hurlbut, Wilkes-Barre district; Joseph Kinney and
Isaac Hancock, Tioga district ; Minna Dubois, Willingborough town-
ship; John Paul Schott, Wilkes-Barre town and township ; 179.3, Moses
CooUiaugh, Tioga township; 17Hti, Asahcl Gregory, Willingborough
township; 1797, liesolved Sessions, Tioga township; 1798, Noah Wadhams,
.jr., Kingston district; Oliver Trowbridge, Willingborough township;
.John T. Miller. Kingston district ; James Campbell and Joseph Wright,
I Wilkes-Barre township; 1799, Charles E. Gaylord, Huntington township;
Constant Searle, Providence township; Matthew Covell, Wilkes-Barre
township; Henry V. Champion, Wyalusing township ; Elisha Harding,
Tunkhannock township ; David Paine, Tioga township; 1800, George
Espy, Hanover, Wilkes-Barre, &c , townships; Jacob Bittenbeuder,
Nescopeck, Wilkes-Barre, &c., townships; Benjamin Newberry, North-
moreland, Tioga, &c.. townships; Thomas Duane, WUkes-Jlarre town-
ship ; Asa Eddy. Willingborough township (revokeil 28th March, 1805);
Jonathan Stevens, liraintrim townsliip ; Guy Wells, Wyalusing town-
shiji; Benjamin Carpenter, Kingston township ; William Means, Tioga
township; Zebulon Marey, Tunkhannock; John Marey and Thomas
Tillany, Willingborough township; 1801, David Barnum, Willingborough
township; 18li:i, John Mars.v, Nicholson, \-c., townships; 1804. Bartlett
Hines, Hush, &c, townships.
District number i, for which the first appointment
was made in :8o6, was composed of Huntington, Nesco-
])eck, Salem and Sugarloaf townshiiis until 181 1; then of
Huntington, Nescopeck and Salem townships six or seven
'' years; then of Wilkes-Barre borough and township and
part of Covington townshij) till 1835, when it comprised
only Wilkes-Barre borough and township; part of Coving-
ton township also belonged to it in 1836 and 1837. Jus-
tices for this district were commissioned as follows:
1801), Alexander Jameson; 1809 Abiel Fellows; 1810, George Drum; 1811.
William Baird ; I8I:!, John Buss; Islii, Conrad Sa.\ ; 1820, John Myers and
Boswell Wells; 182:i, James Stark; 182(1. Uichard Drinker; 18:31, A masa
Hollister, jr.; 18;i3, Charles L. Terwilliger; 18:!.5, Benjamin Perry; 183fi,
John Stark; lsi7, Eleazer Carey.
District No. 2 was at different times made up as fol-
lows: 181 2, Wilkes-Barre, HanoverandNew])ort townships;
1816, Ki-.igston and Plymouth townships; 1819, King-
ston, Plymouth and Dallas townships; 1831, Kingston, Ply-
mouth, Dallas and Lehman townships; 1832, Kingston,
Plymouth and Dallas townships: 1836, Kingston, Ply-
mouth, Dallas and Lehman townships. Justices commis-
sioned as follows:
1806, Cornelius Courtright and Thomas Dyer: I8()8, Jonathan Kellog ;
1812, Christian Stout ; 181:3, Francis MeShane; 1814, Isaac Hartzell ; 1816,
Samuel Thomas; 1817, Jacob J. Bogardus; 1819, Doctor John Smith ;
1820, Benjamin Reynolds; 1822, Alvah C. Phillips ; 182.i, John Bennett;
1826, Thomas Irwin ; 1829, Reuben Holgate ; 18:31, James Nisbitt and Sim-
con F. Rogers ; 1832. Fisher Gay ; 18:33, Jared R. lialdwin and Watson
Baldwin; lH:i."i. Sharp D. Lewis; 183H. Jacob J. Bogardus; 18,37, Caleb
Atherton and John P. Kite ; 1838, Peter Allen and Henderson Gaylord ;
1839, Addison C. Church.
District No. 3 was originally composed of Plymouth,
Kingston and Exeter townships. Salem, Huntington and
Union townships were made to compose this district in
1818, and Fairmount was added in 1835. Justices were
commissioned as follows:
1808, James Sutton and David Perkins; 1809, William Tru.x and Moses
Scovil; 18111, Stephen Hollister; 1813, Charles Chapman; 1818, lehabod
Shaw; 1821, Shadrach Austin ; 1822, Christian Stout; 1823, John Dodson ;
isat, Sebastian Seybert ; 1827, Jonathan Westover ; 1832, Andrew Cort-
right and Lot Search ; 18:3.5, Jacob Ogden and Newton Boone.
District No. 4 consisted originally of Pittston and
Providence townships (revoked March 27th, 1820;, and
after 1819 of Hanover and Newport townships. The
justices appointed were:
1804, Joseph Fellows and Asa Dimock : 1806, William Sloeuni ; 1809,
Enos Finch ; 1819, Jacob Kara bach ; 1822, Samuel Jameson ; 1823, Bate-
inan Downing; ISil, Thomas Williams; 1838, John Vandemark ; 1839,
John Forsman.
District No. 5 in 1810 included Sugarloaf township; in
181 1, Tunkhannock and Abington townships; after 1814
Sugarloaf and Nescopeck townships. The appointments
were as follows:
1810, Roger Orvis; 1811, Cyrus Avery; 1814, Valentine Seiwell ; 1817,
Daniel Hitter ; 1818, Abraham Shirtz ; 1824, George Drum, jr.; 1826, Jonas
Buss ; 1828, Christian Kunckel ; 1832, Moses S. Brundage and Henry Yost ;
1834, John Briggs.
In 1809 district number 6 comprised Braintrim and
^Vyalusing townships; in 1816, Pittston, Providence and
Exeter; in i8r8, Pittston, Providence, Exeter, North
moreland and Blakely townships; in 1833, part of Mon-
roe township was added; in 1838, Carbondale township,
and in 1839 Jefferson township. The list of justices for
this district is as follows:
1806, Josiah Fassett ; 1808, James Gordon and Charles Brown ; 1809, Asa
Stevens; 181.5, James Connor ; 1816, David Dimock and Isaac Hart ; 1818,
Peter Winter, Elisha S. I'otter and Isaac Harding ; 1820, Sherman Loomis
and Deodat Smith; 1821, Ebenezer Slocum ; 1822, Orange Fuller ; 1829,
■ David I. Blanehard; ls:!0. Ziba Davenport ; ls:!l, Moses Vaughn ; 1832,
Daniel Harding and Joseph Grifiin ; 1833, Thomas Hadley and Amzi Wil-
son ; 1835, Erastus Smith and Elisha Blackman ; 1838, Samuel Hogdon
and SylvanusHeermans; 1837, James Pike; 1838, Judson W. Burnham,
Gilbert Burrows and Elisha Hitchcock; 18:39, John Cobb and Alva
Heermans.
District number 7 was at different dates constituted as
follows: 1804, Burlington, etc., townships; 1807, Wysox
township; 1809, Wysox and Burlington townships; 1810,
Wysox, Burlington and Towanda; 181 6, Abington and
Nicholson; 1818, Abington, Greenfield and Nicholson;
in 1826 a part of Falls township was added. The fol-
lowing were the justices appointed:
1804, Isaac Chapel ; 1805, Reuben Hale and Reed Brockway ; 1807, Wil-
liam Mycr and Eliphalet Mason ; 1899, George Scott ; 1810, -\sa C. Whit-
ney; 1816, Nathan Bacon; 1818, Lemuel St(nie; 1822, Caleb Roberts;
1826, Samuel Vail; 1830, Benjamin F. Bailey and John Marey ; 1831, John
Lowry ; 18:34, Thomas Smith ; 1837, Peter Corsclius.
«^^
ORGANM/ATION OF l,L"/.r-:RNE COUNTY.
57
In 1820 district miniher 8 consisted of Tunkhannock,
Braintrim, Eaton and Windham townships; for ten years
from 1825, of the same and part of Falls township ; 1835,
Tunkhanno( k, Braintrim, Eaton, Windham and [tart of
Falls townshi|)s; Monroe townslii)) was iddcd in 1837 and
Washington in 183S. Tlic list of justices follows:
1C07, Parley Coburii ; ISiil. Klisliii Iliir.liii);, Jr.: 1«S!. Alfii'd llini' ; 1S.'4,
.liispcr Fnsiiott : litil, MiU-s .\vi ry iiiui l.umaii Kcii-y ; iK.'ii. Kzckiel Miiw-
ry; isiiil, Mofi'S Ovciflclil. Isiiac I.iiccy, ii-.. ami Daniel Miilci : l.^ll. Wll-
liarn S. .layiu' ; !.'<:!!, .lames llniwn; ls:i4, .lames Kelly; IWi. Seliiiyler
Fas,sett anil Henry Osterlniut ; IsiT. Klllui I'arrisli and Cleiiineey T. ciay-
lord; 1W8. IVter .M.OsterlKiiit, TiniDthy .M. Wliiteomli. KilwanI Itnik
ami (ieorttp .Mowry ; 1S3!I, -Milo (iay.
Justices were commissioned as follows for district num-
ber 9, consisting of Rush and Bridgewater townships:
180!<, Asa DIrnock and Salmon noswortli ; IHdll, Isaai' T»ri>« nson ami
Joshua Waldo Haynsforil.
Nicholson, Willinghorough and l.awsville townships
composed the loth district, for which the justices were:
ISIM. 'I'lionias Till'any : ISOri, Hosea Tiltany : ISKI. William 'I'liompson.
I'nder the constitution of 1838 justices of the i)eace
and aldermen were elected in cities, boroughs and town-
shi|)s to serve for five years, and under the act of As-
sembly of the 2ist of June, 1839, the first election
took place in 1840.
Under the constitution of 1873 justices of the i)eace
and aldermen were to be elected for five years, and under
the act of Assembly of the 22nd of March, 1877, com-
missions were to take effect from the first Monday of
May, the governor having power to appoint to vacan-
cies up to 30 days after the next municipal election.
The justices for townships, and aldermen for boroughs
under the constitution of 1838 and subsecpient ena< t-
ments will be found in the township, borough and city
histories.
When this region, by the Trenton decree of 1782,
finally came^under the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania, it
became a part of the county of Northumberland county
seat Sunbury .which had been taken in 1772 from North-
ampton (county seat Easton", the latter covering a large
section of the original county of Bucks, from which it
was formed in 1752.
"To extend to the remote settlement at Wyoming the
advantage of civil government, in which they might par-
ticipate, affording them an opjjortunity to administer
their local affairs by persons having the confidence of the
inhabitants, chosen by themselves; to give the people an
efficient representation in the council and Assembly, so
that their voice might be heard, their interests e.\|)lained
and their influence fairly appreciated," a new county was
formed on the 26th of September, 1786, from part of the
territory of Northumberland. It was named I.u/erne from
the Chevalier de la Lu/erne, a most popular minister
from the F'rench court during the Revolution and for
many years afterward a prominent figure in the public
eye; and was bounded as follows: "Beginning at the
mouth of Nescopeck creek, and running along the south
bank thence eastward to the head of said creek; from
thence a due east course to the head branch of I.ehigh
creek; thence along the east bank of said Lehigh creek 1
to the head thereof; from thence a due north course to 1
s
the northern boundary of the State; thence westward
along said boundary until it crosses the cast branch of
Sus(|uehanna, and then along the said northern lioundary
fifteen miles west of the said river Susquehanna; thence
by a straight line to the head of Towanda; thence along
the ridge which divides the waters of the east branch of
the Suscpichanna from those of the west hrancli, to a
point due west from the mouth of ihe \r-,,,^,<: V ; thence
east to the place of beginning."
The act creating the county provided lor an election
on ihe second Tuesday of the following October, to
choose county officers and representatives in the Legis-
lature; and that /.ebulon Butler. Nathaniel Landon.
Jonah Rogers, Simon Sp.ilding and John I'hillips should
be a commission to buy a site for the county buildings.
On Ihe 27th of May. 1787. the Court of Common I'leas
convened for its first session at the house of /ebulon
Butler, corner of Northampton and River streets,
WilkcsBarre. The jusii(es constituting the court were
William Hooker Smith, Hi-nj.imin Carpenter and James
Nesbit. They admitted to pr.icticeas attorneys Hbene/.er
Bowman, Putnam ('atlin. Roswell Wells and William
Nichols. Colonel Timothy Pickering was commissioned
Ijroihonotary of the court, surrogate and county clerk.
The original territory of Lu/erene county was first re-
duced by the annexation of a part to Lycoming county
in 1804; in 1808 its boundaries were extended south of
Nescopeck creek; in 1810 Susipiehanna and part of
Bradford were taken off, and in 1842 Wyoming; and in
1856 the present southern boundary was established by
the annexation of ])art of F'oster township to Carbon
county. The latest and most important change was the
creation of Lackawanna county, of which an account is
given in the history of that county.
In 1 790 the county court divided the county into eleven
townships. These retained the old names of Wilkes-
Barre, Pittston, Hano\er. Newport. Exeter, Plymouth.
Kingston, Salem. Tioga. Wyaliising and Tunkhannock.
but the territory of those townships which had existed
under the Connecticut jurisdiction was extended. The
further formation and modification of townships are de-
scribed in the township histories.
'I'he commissioners, named above, to procure a site
for county buildings made choice of the public sipiare in
Wilkes- Barre; and in 1791 there was erected a two-story
hewn log building, about sixty feet long and half as wide,
of which the second story was the court-room approached
by steps outside , and the lower floor was for the jail and
the jailer.
This structure gave way in 1801 for the building of a
new court house on the same site. The old one was oc-
cupied, however, during the construction of the new.
which was finished in 1804. when the log building became
the Wilkes-Barre .Academy.
The new cojrt-house, which was in the shape of across
and had a low tower and a belfry in the center of the
roof, cost $9,356.06. and was used more than fifty years.
In the year after the commencement of its construction
a jail was built on the corner of Market and Washington
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
streets, and between 1809 and 1812 a fireproof building
for the county records, the three costing about ^24,000.
In 1835 the Legislature authorized the erection of the
present court-house, and its corner stone was laid August
1 2th, 1S56. LTnder the supervision chiefly of Benjamin
F. I'fauts, William A. Tubbs and Silas Dodson it was
completed and furnished at a cost of $85,000. The ar-
chitect was J. C. Wells, of New York, and the builder 1).
A. Fell. Provision is made in this building for the pub-
lic offices, which formerly occupied a separate one.
The jail begun in 1802 served until 1870, although long
before that time it had proved inadequate to the de-
mands upon it and was unworthy of the advanced posi-
tion of the commonwealth in the matter of jjrison disci-
pline.
On the 2nd of .\pril, 1867, the contract for the build-
ing of a new jail was awarded to Lewis Ha\ens, at iftiSg,-
575. On the iSth of August, 1870, the sheriff was or-
dered to remove the prisoners to this jail, and on the 4tli
of November in the same year the building was accepted
from the contractor. An expenditure of $18,500.93
above the contract ])rice was incurred for additional and
extra work. From a report furnished by the clerk of the
county commissioners it appears that the building and
furniture cost $302,536.92. It is located above North
street, between^River street and the Susquehanna, in the
city of Wilkes-Barre. It is built of stone brought from
Campbell's ledge, opposite Pittston. It occupies a lot of
five acres,|and the building covers three-fourths of an
acre. It is a fireproof structure, and it is at the same
time substantially and tastefully built and elegantly
painted inside. It has in both wings seventy-two cells,
thirty-two of which are double, sufficient in all for 104
prisoners.
The building is heated by three furnaces, and all the
cooking and heating of water are done by them. It is
ventilated by a fan, which is propelled by an engine — pre-
cisely as coal mines are ventilated.
There are few, if any, prisons in this portion of the
State that are equal to this in the excellence of their con-
struction and arrangements, especially with regard to
cleanliness and healthfulness.
Under the old State system each city, borough and
township maintained and ccr-.d for the poor within its
limits. About the year 1858, the question of erecting a
county poor-)iouse was submitted to the people in ac-
cordance with an act of Assembly, and decided in the
negative. By special legislation portions of the county
were then erected into poor districts, each under a special
act.
In i860, by an act of Assembly, the townshijj of
Wilkes-Barre was made a poor district and a farm was
purchased in the township of Newqjort, about four miles
below Nanticoke, on the east side of the river. In 1861
the Central poor district of Luzerne county was incor-
porated. This district embraces the townships of Wilkes-
Barre, Plains, Kingston, Plymouth, Hanover and New-
port, the boroughs of Kingston, Plymouth, Ashley, Sugar
Notch and Nancicoke, and the city of \A'ilkesBarre.
In 1863 the first jjoor-house was built, on the farm
purchased by Wilkes-Barre in i860. It was a framed
building 35 by 74 feet, three stories in height above the-
basement, which was finished for cooking and dining
apartments. This with the old farm house and a small
kitchen constituted the poor-house up to 1879, when
another building was erected. This w-as of brick, 35 by
76 feet, three stories in height, with a finished basement,
which is used as a laundry. The female paupers occupy
this building, the old wooden structure being used exclu-
sively for males.
This was incorporated on the 8ih of May, 1857, under
the corporate name of " The Poor District of Jenkins
township, Pittston borough and Pittston township." The
first directors were John D. Stark, Peter Winters, William
Ford and Ebene/.er Drake.
This board of directors in 1857 purchased a farm of
160 acres in the township of Ransom, now in the county
of Lackawanna. The farm house standing on this farm
was used as a poor-house till the year 1877, when the
present fine brick structure was erected. This is three
stories in height above the basement, which is used as a
kitchen and place of work. The building is capable of
accommodating one hundred paupers. The jiresent
directors are Paul Bohan, L. C. Hessler, Francis Yates
and Charles Banker.
Criminals convicted of capital offenses have been exe-
cuted at Wilkes-Barre as follows: July ist, 1779, Michael
Rosebury, by order of General Sullivan, for instigating
desertions from the latter's command; James Cadden,
March 2nd, 1849, f'^'' ''''^ murder of Daniel Gilligan
below Wilkes Barre; Reese Evans, September gth, 1853,
for shooting Lewis Reese on the Kingston flats in order
to rob him; James Quinn, April 21st, 1854, fqr the murder
of Mahala AViggins on the canal near the Nanticoke dam;
William Muller, April 30th, 1858, for the murder of
George Mathias, a few miles from Wilkes-Barre, on the
Easton road.
In 1790 Luzerne county had a population of 4,904; in
1800, 12,839; 1810, 18,109; 1820 (after the formation of
Susquehanna and Bradford', 20,027: 1830, 27,305; 1S40,
44,006; 1850 'after the formation of Wyoming county,
56,072; 1860,90,254; 1870,160,755.
In the early history of political parties in this county,
the Federalists, who favored a strong national govern-
ment, had a large majority. Within the memory of the
present generation the Democrats have oftenest had the
ascendency. Below will be found lists of the citizens
who have administered the affairs of the county and
represented it in various legislative bodies.
In the spring after the formation of the town of West-
moreland Zebulon Butler and Timothy Smith, and in the
autumn of that year Christopher Avery and John Jenkins
appeared before the Assembly of Connecticut on behalf
of the new town. Timothy Smith had attended the last
three previous sessions; Joseph Sluman the last two and
John Jenkins the last one. Captain Butler and Joseph
Sluman were the next representatives in that body of
whom we find record. Butler was also a member in the
-^^
OFFICERS AND RKI'RRSENTATIVKS OF l.UZERNP: COUNl V.
59
autumn session of 1775, in which Major Ezekiel Pierce
was his colleague, and in the spring session of 1776 we
find John Jenkins and Solomon Strong. Colonel Nathan
Denison was a member in the siiring sessions of 177S and
1779, and the autumn sessions of 1776, i77Sand 1.S80.
JoJin Jenkins and Isaac Tripj) were the Assemblymen at
both sessions of 1777; Anderson Dana in the spring, and
Asahel Buck in the October session of 1778. John
Hurlbut served in the spring sessions of 1779, 1780 and
1781. and the autumn session of 1780. Jonathan Fitch
was a member in the spring sessions of 1780, 1781 and
1782, and the autumn session of 1782. Obadiah Ciore
and John Franklin were the members at the spring ses-
sion of 1 781, and the former attended both sessions in
17S2.
John Sherman of Westmoreland was appointed judge
of probate and justice of the peace for Litchfield county,
Conn., in 1775.
Stewart Pearce gi\es the following list of president
judges after the adoption of the constitution of 1790:
Jacob Rush, 1791-1806; Thomas Cooper, 1806-11; Seth
Chapman, 1811-13; John I!. Cibson, 1813-16; Thomas
Burnside, 1816-18; David Scott, 1818-38; William Jessup,
183S-41; John N. Conyngham, 1841-70. C.arrick M.
Harding was the incumbent in 1870-79. Charles E. Rice
was commissioned in January, iSSo.
Under the act of June 27th, 1867, creating the ofiftce
of additional law judge in Luzerne county, H. M. Hoyt
was appointed to that office. At the election the same
year E. L. Dana was elected for the term of ten years.
John Handley was elected under an act giving still
another law judge to the county. In 1877 W. H. Stanton
was elected. He resigned in about a year. In 1879
Charles E. Rice was elected, but was commissioned pres-
ident judge in January, 1880, and Stanley Woodard was
appointed additional law judge.
Up to i860 this county belonged to a Congressional
district which also included Berks, Bucks, Northampton,
Northumberland and other counties. The first repre-
sentative from Luzerne county, David Scott, of Wikes-
Barre, was elected in 1816. He resigned on being
appointed president judge. Representatives from the
district including Luzerne county have since been chosen
as follows:
1818, 183(1, George Denison and John Murray; 1830-32, Cox Ellis, George
Krcnmer, Samuel McKoan, rhiliimler Stoplicns, Lewis Drwart and A.
Marr; 18:13 (Luzerne and Coluniliia), 18 U. .\ndiew lleaiiniiint ; IXK, 18.18,
David Petrekin: 1840.1812, Benjamin .\. Itidlaek : 1844. Owen 1). Lelli ;
184ii. 1848. Chester Under; 18.1(1 (Luzerne, Wynminif, I'olnniliia and Mnii-
tour), 18.->4, Henry M. Fuller; IXa, Ilendriek U. Wri«lit; 1S."«1, John <;.
Montifoniery— died, and was sueeceded the next year by Paul I«idy ;
1858, 1.%!), Geiirg-e W. Seranton—dicddurinif his seiond term, and H. II.
Writfht was chosen at a special election in .lune, 18151 ; I8«2 (Luzerne anil
Susi|uehanna), 18«1, Charles Deniaon ; 18(i8, (ieori?e W. Woodard ; 18T2,
Lazarus n. .'Shoemaker; ISTti, Wiuthrop W. Keteham ; 1877. W. It. Stan-
ton : 1878, Hendriek II. Wright.
Members of the ujjper house of the Legislature have
been chosen from the district including Luzerne county
as follows:
Coiiiiri/.-1787 89, Nathan Denison ; 178ii (October .•Kltlil. 17im, Lord Ilut-
Icr. .Si-n«(<-.— 17!IU (Luzerne. Northumberland and HunlinKtoni. William
MontKomery; 17)ti, William Hepburn; 17i>l iLuz<'rne, Norlhuinberlaml
Mifflin and Lycomin)fi,(ieor|jre Wilson: 17!«l c^une district), Samuel Dale:
17!«, Samuel Mcflay ; WO, .lames Harris ; isni (Luzerne, Northamptou
and Wnyncl. Jonas llnrlzell; IWl, Thomas MeWhortrr; 1W5, Wllllnm
Lattimon-: Ii«r7, Malthias (iress; 1808 (Luzi'rne and .\iirthumlierland>.
Nathan Paliiier: Islii, Jamix Ijiird : Islu'. William Uow, Islt (Lu/jtuc.
Northumberland, I'ldon. ColumbUiand Sutwitiehannai, Thomas Murm.i .
Jr.; 18III, Charli-s Frazer; 1818, Simon .Snyiler ; 1820, l(e<lmonil ConynK-
hiun; IK:M iLuzenie and Cidumlilal. ItolK-rt MiMiru : 1H28, IKIO, Jae<di
Drumheller: \XXi. I'zid Hopkins; IKtl (Lun-rne, Monroe. Wayne and
Plkei, KlM>ni-z<-r KInif-bnry, Jr.; IKH. S. F. Hi-adley : IMI. L\ilher KlddiT ;
1814 (Luzerne and l'olUMibla>. William S. UfMx; 1847. Vali'mim' Ik-I : Is.'<'
iLuzerne. ('(dnmbla and Montour. IKVI. Charles It. Iliiekalew : I8.'<1.
Geortre P. Sd'eli; IkVi < Ln»'rnei. WInlhrop W. Keieham; ImL", J. II. Slark;
I8«."i, L. D.Shoeumker; IHiK Samuel J.Turner; 1»7I (LuziTue. Monroe and
Plki'l, Fnnieis D. Collin-, .MIktI (i. Hrodlieud : 1872. GiKirije H. Ilowlnnd;
Is74, I). H. Stanton, H. II. Payne; IsTT. K. C. Wndhnins. J. II. Seniiiuns
Members of the lower house of the Legislature have
been sent from the district including or consisting "I
Luzerne county as follows, the district comprising Lu-
zerne, Bradford and Susquehanna from 1814 to 1828,
inclusive:
John Paul Sehott, 1787; obadiah Gore, 17C8-IW; .Simon S|HiMlnK. ITUl.
17H2: Kls'uezer Ilowman. Kai: Ifc-njamln Cariwuler. 17U4 ; John Frank-
lin. 17lfi. K'.iil. Kliy-lMSI : It.wwell Wells. i:'.r7.17»i. we, WM-il; L..ri| lluller,
1801; John Jenkins, IKCI; Jonas Ingham. 18IH ; Nathan lleaih. Iwk'., 1KT7 :
.Mows CoolbaUKh, IHW ; Charles Miner, lHit7, Isiw, |sl2: lltnjuniln Dor-
rance, |8Hs.i(P, 1812, 1814, 181!i, ls2iP, Km ; ThiuniLs Gniliam. |hi«i-ii ; J,,na-
than Sti-veus, 1811 : Jalsv. Hyde. Jr.. and Jii-<Mdi Prnner. I»i:i (Liiwrne
and Sus<|nelianna>: Putnam Callln. |S14; lt<xlnionil Con.>nKliam. Isl.'i:
George Denison. Isl.'i. Islil. lK27-'ln: Jonah lln-wstor. Islil-ll): Jam< «
Ki-eder, |8|7. 1818; Corni'lius CortrlKlit. 1820. |82I. Isil; Andrew Ihiiu-
nionl, 1821. 183:1. 1849: Jabez Hyde, Jr., 1822, 18-.5I; Jae<di Drunihi-ller, Jr.,
1822-:14; Philander Stevens, I.S24-'.>J: G. M Hollenlwek, 18S4. 182.'i ; Samuel
Thomas. 1835, I82(i; fiarriek .MaUiry, ls2«-2!i; Almon 11. Unid, IK27 : Isaac
Post, 1838: Alliert (;. Hrodhead, KU-tl; Nicholas Oierlleld. IKIl : Chester
Ilntier, 18:13. 1838. Kto, |84:l; Zil«i llennetl. )xi\. KM: II. A. Itidlaek. KM.
Wis Jami-^ Nesliitt. Jr., Is.f>i Hinrj Slark. KM. Kr; ; Wlllium C. Key-
nolds, IKK!. KK; John Sturdi>\anl. IKfS; Jos<'ph Grinin. XKli; Andn-w
Cortriuht. IK40. 1841 : Hendriek II. Wriifhi. 1840-42; Mos4k OwrlW'Id. IMS:
William Merritleld. Isi.M.'.; Jami-s S. Camt>bell, 1H44. 184.'i: Nalluiii Jack-
son. 1840; George Fensternmcher, I84«: Samuel ll<>n<sliet. 1847 ; James
W. 0(111.1847; Henry M. Fuller, 1848; Thmnas Gillespie, 1848; John N.
Conynghan. 1840; Jami's \V. Ithodi-s, K.0, l8.-d; Silas S. Ilenisllct, 1H.'<I,1851:
Truman Atherton, Ik'c!. IS.',:! ; .Vl)ram It. Dunnlmr. 18.'i2-.".4 : GhUsm W.
Palmer, I8.V4 : Harrison Wright. IKVi; Hendei-son GaylonI, 1kY>: Sleubon
Jenkins, ls.-(i, l.-v-,7 : Thomas Smith. I8.V1: Siunuel (i. Turner, I8.'i7 ; P. C.
Gritman. ls.->7. |.'<.'>.s; Lewis Pnghe. IKV. INII; WInthrop W. Kelcliam,18&8:
.John Stone. 18V.I: Peter ll> rw. l,8-,!t. I8i»); Dyer L. Chapiii, 1H3B: H. II. Hill-
man. 1800; William S. Iti.s. 18(11: It. F. Uussi'll. 1801; H. V. Hull. IMI ;
S. W. Trimmer. 18U2; Jai.'<ib Hobinson, l8i£.', 18(CI : Peter Walsh, lfW^
1803. Harry Hakes, InJI. I8«4; Anthony Gnidy, I8tM. Isik'i: D. K.
Seybert. I.^-ll. ISAi; D. S. Koon, 18iV>, IMHH ; William lln-nnan. 1800.
1807; James .McHenry. 1800. 1807; Siunnel F. Ilussard. 1S(17. ls«8. |8i»;
Daniel L. o'Neil, Isos, isiW; Nathan G. Wrestler, Isfts, inM; S. W. Kcene,
1870,1871; George Corny, 1870, 1871 : J(dHi F. MeMahoii. Is70: lllehard
Williams. 1871. 1872; Patrick Delaivy. 1872. 1.-7^1; Peter l/ulgley. 1872. 1873;
n. D. Ko(Mis. 1872. Is7:i: K. P. KIsner. 1873; Tliomas Wnddell, 1S74 ; A. L.
Cressler. 1.'74: T. W. Loflus. 1874; M. Crogan. 1874; Charle- A. Miner. 1K7.'»-
80; T. H. II. Lewis, 187.'i, 1870; J. J. Shonk. l87.'i-78; J. c. Flneher. 187.''.. 1870;
James MeAsoy. 187."i. 1870; F. W. Gnnsler. 187."i. 1870; M. F. Synotl. |87.'>.
1870: C. K.tiorman, 1870. 1870; T. W. Ixiftu.«. 187.'i, 1870; John II. Smith.
1877-80; Charles Mc-Carron. 1877. 1878 ; (Jeorge Judg(N 1877. 1878 ; James A.
Kiersted. 1877, 1878; D. M. Jiaies. Is77. 1878; A.I. Ackerly. 1877. 1878.
187'.l. 1880; S. S. Jones. 1877. 1878 ; W. H. HInes. I87H. 1880; (ietirgi* W.
Drum, 1879, 1880; Dennis ll'U-iilhan, 187W. 188U; John E. Iliirreil. I-71'.
1880: T. 1). I*wls, 1870. 1780; Thomas Mooiioy. 187«, 1880.
The following will be found a correct list of all the
sheriffs of Luzerne county from its organization up to
i88o. The year in which eai ii was elected is given:
Lord Ilutler, 1787: Jesse Fell. 1789; John Franklin. 1702: WlllUim Slo-
cinn. I7!i"i; ,\rnold Ctdt. Itus ; lu-njamin llorranee. IsiH ; Jame» Wheeler.
1804 ; Jacob Hart. 1807: Jals-z Hyde. Jr.. l-lo; FJIJali Sh l, , i-i;i:
Stephen Van L i. IsIO ; Isiuic ll<iwnmn. Isl'.i; Jonathan i
Napthali Hurlburt. IS2.1; Oliver ll.lme. 182.- ; Thomas K.i i
In October. 1831. di(sl in a few himrs after he was swoni In. uu<l llenju-
mln Keyn(dds wasappcOnte<l by the governor lo the vnenney ft.r one
year or until the next ehs-t Ion. when Jail'
lK>r. KCi. and served until Kl".; Tlionms M
George P. SI(S-le. 1841 ; James W. (;olT, Isii : " - •
A. Palmer. IKVI; Abniin Drum. KVl : Ja-iwr II •
Loon. Is-VU; Samuel II. Patcrlniugh. 18<K ; J..^ , 1. :.: v,.
James WUhoad«.l8<Vs; Auron Whilaker, 1871; WlllUm P. Klrkendall.
Ili7i; P.J.Kciiuy, len.
6o
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
CHAPTER Vni.
LOCAL MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS — SERVICE IN CANADA
AND MEXICO AND AT HOME.
^^■"""^'T does not appear that previous to the Revo
fm'^AM'-m valley any regular military organization
■'^
utionary war there e.xisted in the Wyoming
•alley any regular military organization.
As a historian of those times (James A.
Gordon) has said, " Every settler was practi-
^^ cally an independent company of himself. He
carried his own rifle, marched generally under the
orders of the 'town meeting' either against the Indian.
Pennamite or tory, as the case might be; furnished his
own rations and ammunition, and paid himself from his
own military chest — if he had one. But after the l^ecla-
ration of Independence the State of Connecticut as-
sumed the military control of this region, and two com-
panies were raised here under her authority."
Even after the decree of Trenton, by which Pennsyl-
vania acquired territorial jurisdiction, no organization
except of voluntary unauthorized companies for resist-
ance to the Pennamites e.xisted prior to 1786. In that
year the county of Luzerne was organized, and the mili-
tia laws of Pennsylvania were extended over it, as in
other portions of the State. A brigade and regiments
were formed here, and from the record of his commis-
sion in the recorder's office, bearing date April nth,
1793, it appears that Jesse Fell was appointed brigade
inspector for a term of seven years.
Now this same Jesse Fell was a Quaker, recently from
Bucks county; yet, notwithstanding he was a professed
noncombatant, he donned the regular uniform, with the
appropriate feathers, and, mounted on his charger, per-
formed the functions required of him, much to the cha-
grin of the " meeting " to which he belonged.
The following notice is found in the files of the IVilkes-
Barre Gazette, under the date of January i6th, 1798:
"Militia. — The Militia officers commanding compa-
nies in the Luzerne county brigade, who have not made
returns of the absentees on the company and regimental
days in October last, are requested to complete their re-
turns by the first day of February next; and those per-
sons liable by law to militia duty charged with fines as
absentees are reipiested to make payment by the day
aforesaid, or they }niist pay tlic fees of collecting.
"Jesse Fell, Brigade Inspector."
It thus appears that those liable to military duty were
required to meet for "training" two days each year, un-
der penalty.
Among the old manuscripts in the possession of Steu-
ben Jenkins is the record of a draft made from the com-
panies of the third regiment in January, i 794, and another
in October, 1797; but it does not appear for what pur-
poses these drafts were made. As elsewhere stated, the
militia of the State was reorganized in 1822.
To meet emergencies which arose from time to time
volunteer companies were organized in Luzerne county.
Such organizations did service in the suppression of the
whiskey insurrection, during the prospect of war with
France in 1800, and in the war of 1812.
In the early part of the present century several inde-
pendent military organizations existed here at different
times. The earliest among these of which anything is
known was the
wvoMiNv; blues.
This company, which it ai)pears originated about the
close of the last century, had a prosperous existence for
some years. Gordon says:
" The members of this company were made up of the diU of Wilkes-
Barre anil its immediate vicinity. It is to be regretted that a complete
muster roll cannot now be made up. It is barel}' possible that a roll of
its organic members maybe found in the adjutant general's office at
Harrisburg, but not probable. My first petsonal memory of the com-
pany was in the spring of 1805. Joseph Slocum was then captain, and I
suppose he was their first commander under their legal organization.
They were then in full uniform, and had a flag ; not the star spangled
banner, but a flag bearing the coat of arras of Pennsylvania, represent-
ing * the lion and the unicorn fighting for the crown ' over the body of
the American eagle. Benjamin Perrj- was the bearer of that standard
at that time. I think Isaac Bowman was the lieutenant. They met on
this occasion for inspection and drill. I remember seeing on that parade
Joseph Slocum, captain; Isaac Bowman, lioutenant; Benjamin Perry,
sergeant ; and the latter seemed to have more to do and say in the fix-
ing up than anybody else. Of those in the ranks I remember Charles
Miner, Matthew Covel, Thomas Duane, Thomas Wright, jr., Sidney
Tracy, Jehoida P. Johnson, Arnold Colt, Peter Yarrington, Josiah
Wright and Zebulon Butler, jr. Colonel Benjamin Dorrance was about,
but not in the ranks nor in uniform."
Mr. Gordon then sketches the feast which followed
"at John P. Arndt's old Red Tavern on River street,"
and continues:
" In 1808 Isaac Bowman was elected captain, Charles Miner and Benja-
min Perry lieutenants, and I think Godfrey Perry sergeant. I speak
from memory. I was present at their first meeting after the election.
It took place on Bowman's Hill, on the lawn in front of the captain's
residence, where now lives Mrs. A. H. Bowman. On that occasion Cap-
tain Bowman treated the company to a liberal collation, and everybody
was in good humor and flue spirits. In the manual drill Joseph Slocum,
ex-captain, acted as fugleman.
" From this time until the expiration of Captain Bowman's term of
service the Wyoming Blues were regarded as the star company of
Northern Pennsylvania, and as far as their discipline was concerned
could have competed with any company in the United States army. Be-
sides this, its membership was made up of the best blood of the old
Yankee settlers of Wyoming.
" In I8II an election took place, and Zebulon Butler, a son of Colonel
Zebulon Butler, of Revolutionary fame, was elected captain."
After the war of 1812 broke out the existence of this
organization ceased, by reason of opposition in political
sentiment among its members.
KIRST CAVALRY COMPANY.
In iSoi a cavalry company existed in this county, but
when it was organized, or how long the organization con-
tinued, has not been ascertained. Under the date of
March in that year a notice was published requiring the
"First Company of Cavalry" to meet at the house of
Jesse Fell on the 2nd Saturday in April, at 10 A.M. This
notice was over the signature of " Eleazer Blackman,
Captain."
THE KINGSTON COMPANY.
Gordon says :
"The Volunteer Matross of Kingston was organized under the command
of Henry Buckingham, a merchant of Kingston, recently from Connec-
ticut, probably about 1809, perhaps earlier. Captain Buckingham * » *
-^H-
MILITIA COMPANIKS OV r.U/F.R\F, COUNTY.
6 1
was a most oltioicnt nlHcor in every respect, a Lii|iUal ilrill-iimstcr, iiiul
about the only man in tliecompany who knew anythlnff aliniit artiMiTy
practice. • ♦ • I remember as tirst members iinih-r< iiplulii lliicklnir-
ham, ZIba Hoyt, the father of our present governor: I'hini as I'mler-
wooil, .VtisaloMi Uoberts, Morris rramer, Alexander l.onl, Wllllaiii I'uee
and Hallet (iiilliip. » • » Their iinifiirm was a lontr tailed blu<'. with
brass buttons, ^ray ]nints and jraitersor le^f^in^s eoveriiiK the front of
the shoe l)y a tfore. I remember their lln*t panide in Wiikirs-lliirre, in
1810. I think, with a brass si.\ pounder which was said to be one of the
field pieces captured from Uurtfoyne at Saratoga. 1 do not know, how-
ever, that tins was a fad.
*' On this occa.sion tlie company occupied the publii' square for (heir
parade ground. Their handling of their guns <-alled forth tlie highest
commendations from the spectiitors. and Captain Samuel llowinan said
of them that they would pass muster in any artillery <'orps in the
Inited States army."
On the breaking out of hostilities between the United
States and Great Britain, in 1812, the Matross promijtly
offered their services to ti'.e government. Tlie company
tlien consisted of the following men:
Captain, Samuel Thomas; 1st lieutenant, I'hineas Cnderwood : 2nd.
Ziba Hoyt: 3rd, .\ndrew Sheets: ensign, Kdwani (iildu-ist : sergeants-
John Carkhutr, .lacob Taylor, .Vbsalom Uoberts, Henry .lones, George
W. Smith, John Bowman ; corporals— Christopher Miner, Daniel Cocho-
Tour, Samuel Varrish. Ebenezer Freeimui, John Hiane : gunners-
Stephen Evans, Isaac Hollister, Ji'ihn Prince, ,lanies llird, Morris Cra-
mer, Festus Freeman, .lames L)e\'a!is: druminci-. Alexander Lord;
flfer, Araba Amsden : pri\atcs— l>anicl lloo\er, .lidni Daniels, James \V.
Barnum, William Pace, James Dodtish, Godfrey llownnin, llenjamin
Hall, Solomon Parker, Ezekiel Hall, Sylvanus Moore, Hallet Gallup.
They left Kingston on the 13th of April, 1813, and
embarked on a raft at the moutli of Shoup's creek. They
landed at Danville, whence they marched, by way of
Lewiston and Bedford, throiigii Fayette county, recruit-
ing as they went, and arrived at Erie 95 strong.
In the cannonading at Presque Isle harbor the com-
pany did efificient service. When volunteers were solic-
ited to man the fleet of Commodore Oliver Perry before
the battle of Lake Erie four from this company, among
whom was James Bird, of Pittston, promptly offered
themselves, and all distinguished themselves by their
bravery in the battle. Bird was afterward tried by court
martial for desertion, convicted and shot. He had left
his post to join General Jackson at New Orleans, and
though his purpose was ])atriotic and laudable he was
technically guilty of desertion, and the stern discipline of
war did not relax in his favor.
After the battle of Lake Erie the Matross, which was
attached to the regiment of Colonel Hill, crossed into
Canada and marched on Maiden, which the enemy
abandoned on their approach. They followed him to
Detroit, which he also evacuated ; thence, under tleneral
Harrison, they pursued him; in the battle of the Thames
the Matross was commanded by Lieutenant Ziba Hoyt,
Captain Thomas having been left with fourteen of his
men at Detroit.
A recruiting office was opened in Wilkes-Barre during
the war, and many volunteers were sent to the army from
this county. Infantry barracks were established on the
bank of the river, and cavalry barracks on Franklin
street.
THE RM.i.v IX 1814.
In 1814, when Baltimore was threatened by the Brit-
ish, five companies of the militia of Luzerne and the
counties adjoining marched for its defense. They pro-
ceeded as far as Danville; when, on the receipt of intelli-
gence of the repulse of the enemy, they were ordered to
return. On this expedition went the following dctath-
ments : From the 45th regiment. Captain Joseph Camp,
Lieutenant Joseph Lolt, Ensign Robert Reynolds; UQth
regiment — Captain Frederick Uailey and .Amos Tiffany,
Lieutenant Cyrrcl (biddings, Ensign Hiat Tupper; luth
regiment — Captain George Hidley, Lieutenant John
Wortman, Ensign .Abraham Roberts ; 35th regiment —
Captain Peter Hallock, Lieutenants Hosca Phillips and
Jeremiah Fuller, Ensigns William Polen and George
Denison ; a detat hment under Captain Jacob IJittcn-
bender and F^nsign John Myers.
Such of the volunteers as survived the usual casualties
and perils of war and returned were received and wel-
comed with those honors to which the brave defenders
of the country are always entitled from their fellow
citizens.
Of the comjiany here named and others Mr. Gordon
wrote as follows:
THE WII.KKS-UAIIItK I>RIM. W^l'AD.
"This s<iuad was orgiuii7.>'d in thi- spring of Wi. tinder the command of
Lieutenant Swi'cncy, of the liiih regimcnl Cnilisl Stnl<^ infwnlry, Ihi-n
on recruiting servliTat Wilki's-Harre. II was never li-ifiHy ■•rganlwxl,
and I should not notice it, only thai In after ymrs lt» menil«crshlp f"r-
nished, to a large extent, tlieiifflcers for imlepemlent eompnnlen sulw-
<iuently organlwil \Mider the militia laws of I'ennsylvanhi. IJeuti'imnI
Sweeney was an accomplished ilrlll-nuister. and uniler hln Instruction
they made rapid progress in the military art They were nev<-r uni-
formed nor arnie<l. The only liailge they wore was a Itonnin Imt, om«-
niented with the black eoekade and the Amerkun eajfle There w»!i
not a member of the I'ompany who had then reached hto twenly-
flrst year."
He mentions among the members John S. Hyde, Samuel
D. Bettle, (ieorge F. Gordon, John M. Gordon, John S.
Butler, one or two of the Danas. Sterne and Strange
Palmer, James W. Bowman, William and Benjamin D
Wright. He continues:
In \SM the
".IfXIOIl VOI.fNTr.EIIS,
"the Wyoming Guards, and the Plttxlon llifieseame to the fnmt, with an
incipient effort to raise a liorst- company from WJIkm-Uarpc townnhlp.
aldetl by recruits f i-oni Hanover.
"The Junior VolunIi><TS was, as its name Indli-alisl, i'.>mpow<lalmo«t
wholly of young men who had not n^iehtsl their majority. • • • Kll-
jah Worthinglcm, an ap|>rentii-e in the Wyoming llrnilil olBiv. w«« the
first lieutenant, and Zalnuin Moor, a Ji>urneynnin tailor with .\nIhony
Hrower, was orderly s<Tgeiinl. and a capilal ollli'er. J(din K. Duia-y wb»
their sei-oml captain, wlm fiourlshedat thi'ir lieiiil for a ynir or two. when
the company was nicrgtsl in the Citizen Volunteers, retjilning the uni-
form of the Juniors, which was simply a summer dress of white dimiiy.
roundabout anil pants, Honnin hat and lilaek on-kade and engle. The
first capwin under the new organiaition was, I think, William ."i. Uow.
• • • Subsfsinently he was promoKsl to the loniniand of a brigmle
or a division, of the Pennsylvania militia. General Hoss was nwlly a
military man, and nmde a giM>d olllcwr. • • •
" THE IMTTSTOS BLI-EII,"
a rifie company, came into the field ntxiut the same limn a.« the Junior
Volunteers iptiJI. Thi'y wen' commandtsi by Captain Jidui .M.Mr-, with
a Mr. Illani-hard for first li.'ulemint. They often paradisl in Wllke»-
llarre. and alMuil one-half of their mcml>en" were n-sldi-iils of lhi> town-
ship. Then came iheWyoming C<iunly Guards, a light Infantry c<mip«n\.
first commande<l by Strong IJarnuni, who lunl serveil one or two cam-
paigns at West Point. I reinemlMT the name* of only n few of themem-
bcrs-Theron Illinium, first lieuteiiunl: Kd. Taylor. Wllltani H. Ale«-
ander, Merrill Slocum. lieorge .M. Ilollenlwck. Henry Colt, Jn;n<-« W.
lUiwman. Lewis X, Ketcham, Keiisxiiicr Wells and Abmm Toll" • —
among the first meniU'r*, with some 'roni Plains and al">ut half i
from Kingstiui. • • • The company disUinded jiNmiI KH ■■■
• • • III aililltlon to Hie Indepenilent ouiiiMinlwalriwIy nollee«l IheiT
wasuivuipany of light hopMMnen • • * not Inferior to any organl-
7Allon of the kind In Pcnniiylvanlu. In IKT.'
I nh 1
^h
62
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
" AN INDEPENDENT BATTALION "
was or«i"anizpfl Viy massing: the ^'olunteer companies then in the tield.
'I'he Itatlalion Avas composed of the Wj'omin^'- Ouards, Pittston Itlues
and a company from Lehman, nnder the command of Captain Jacob L.
nogardiis. f^nhseipiently it went into a lejriment, and H. B. Wriijht was
honored with the command, and held that station for some fourteen
years.
" THK WVDMINC YACF.KS."
"This company was (n'ganizcd in ist:i, and its mcmliers were all
of foreifrn birth. .\t their first organization they were riflemen, but
subscqncntl.v they {'hanifcd to lif?ht infantry. The following is believed
to be a correct list of the comissioned officers from 1S4:! to its final dis-
organization in lsi!:i: .Tchn Rcichard, I'aptain : Jacob Welder, lirst lieu-
tenant : Joseph Coons, second lieutenant. At the ne.xt electi(m, in 1847,
John lieichard was re-elected captain. Lieutenant Jacob Waelder had
.joined the Wyoming Artillerists and gone to Me.\ico, and Joseph Coons
was elected in his place, and Afartin Baur was elected second lieutenant.
In 18.'i,s Captain lieichard became brigade inspector, and Joseph Coons
became captain, Martin Baur first lieutenant, and Philip Nachbar second
lieutenant. At tiie breaking out of the Uebelliim the company was in a
demoralized condition, but on the call of the President in 18iil, under the
energetic measures talsen by George W. Kcichard.it was resurrected and
joined Colonel A. II. Emley's regiment nt three months men, with
(ieorge W. Keicliard captain, John rrellinch first lieutenant and
fiustave Ilahn second lieutenant. The members served their terra with
great credit, but on their return home suffered themselves to relaj^se
into military indolence until 1803, when they promptly responded to a
call for troops to repel the threatened invasion of Pennsylvania b.v
General Ijce. These troops were known as ' emergency men.' Oiistave
Hahn was captain, Henry Rhode lirst lieutenant, and Joseph lioyer was
second lieutenant."
THE WYOMING ARTILLERISTS.
Tlie organization of the Wyoming Artillerists, of Wilkes-
Barre, begun some time prior, was completed and uni-
forms, guns and equipments obtained early in the year
1842. Under the energetic efforts of F. L. Bowman, its
first captain, the company soon acquired a reputation for
excellence in drill and discipline.
Captain Edmund I.. Dana succeeded to the command,
and in November, 1846, in response to a call by the Presi-
dent for troops to serve during the war with Me.\ico, the
services of the Wyoming Artillerists were tendered and
accepted. The ranks were filled up by enlistments to
the requisite number, and aided by the liberality of the
citizens, the company, under Captain Dana, on Monday,
the 7th of December, 1846, after listening to addresses
in the old church on the public square, and bidding
adieu to relatives and friends, embarked on board an old
freight boat on the North Branch Canal, and in the midst
of a snow storm started for Pittsburg, where, after much
toil and suffering, it arrived on Tuesday, the 15th of De-
cember. On the following day it was mustered into the
service of the United States, and designated as Company I
in the ist regiment of Pennsyl\ania volunteers. F. L.
Bowman, 2nd lieutenant, was elected major of the regi-
ment, and Jacob Waelder was chosen to fill the vacancy.
From Pittsburg the company voyaged to Vera Cruz,
encamping for a time at New Orleans and at l^obos
island, and landing on Mexican soil March 9th, 1847. On
the loth and nth the investment of the city and castle
was completed. In the movement of troops on the loth
the Wyoming Artillerists encountered an ambuscade in
the chapparal and received the first infantry fire from
the enemy; a halt was ordered, the fire returned with
such precision and effect that the enemy fled, and the
company resumed its march and took its position in the
line of investment. It was actively engaged in the skir-
mishes which ensued, in repelling attacks upon and
maintaining possession of the sand hills overlooking the
city, in digging trenches, constructing batteries and trans-
porting to them guns and ammunition from the beach.
On the afternoon of the 22nd of March fire was opened
from the American works. On the 29th the Mexican
garrison moved out of the city, and in the presence of
two lines of Americans, among whom were the ist Penn-
sylvania regiment and the Wyoming men, laid down
their arms, ecpiipments and flags.
On the 9th of April General Patterson's division, with
Pillow's brigade, to which the Wyoming Artillerists were
attached, started towards the capital. In the battle of
Cerro Gordo, April i8th, the Wyoming company was de-
ployed on a declivity below and in front of the enemy's
main works, and distant from them about two hundred
yards, but suffered slight loss. Early on the morning of
the 7th of July the Wyoming Artillerists with Company
A of their regiment stormed in gallant style the hill
commanding the Pass of El Pinal or the Black Pass, and
dispersed a force of the enemy posted there to obstruct
the passage of our troops.
On the afternoon of July 8th the command entered the
City of Puebia, Company I and the other five composing
the battalion were detailed under Colonel Childs to oc-
cupy the city and to take charge of about 2,000 sick and
a large amount of government property. The rest of the
army moved out on the loth of August and on the follow-
ing day the large and turbulent population of the city
began to show unmistakable signs of hostility. Small
bulletins were published, calling on the citizens to rise
and crush out "the 600 sick Yankees," and a few days
later a considerable military force under General Rea
entered the city. It became necessary to divide the gar-
rison into three detachments, of which one, including the
Wyoming company, occupied an old brick structure
called the Cuartel of San Jose, on the eastern edge of the
city, on a small stream which furnished the water supply
for the garrison.
In the latter part of September a summons to sur-
render was sent by the enemy, in which their forces
were stated to be 8,000. The deinand was promptly
refused. On the 12th of October the troops and wagon
train of General Lane were discovered approaching the
city and the enemy fled. The heroic defense of its
position and trust by the small garrison including the
Wyoming boys against overwhelming numbers, the pro-
tection of the sick and of the government stores so that
not one dollar was lost, was regarded at the time by the
army as one of the remarkable achievements in the cam-
paign in Mexico. Captain Dana and Lieutenant Waelder,
who was attached to the staff of Colonel Childs as acting
adjutant general, were specially commended in the official
reports.
The regiment next inarched to the city of Mexico,
arriving there on the 8th of December, 1847. All the
officers who were engaged in the siege of Puebia were
specially thanked and commended by General Scott.
<^
THE \VYON[IN-(; ARTII.I I'.KISTS
(•\
Two weeks later the regiment was quartered at San
Angel, an old town a few miles southwest of the city, and
except when detached to escort a train to Vera Cruz, and
other temporary services, remained there until the sign-
ing of the treaty of peace in June, 1848. Returning with
the army, the regiment landed at New Orleans, came up
the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Pittsburg, where the
Wyoming Artillerists were mustered out and honorahly
discharged on the 20th of July, 1848. They returned
from Pittsburg as they went there, by canal boat, but the
season of the year, the glad greetings, with firing of ( an-
non and display of flags at every town on the route,
contrasted agreeably with their former tedious passage
through the ice and snows of December, 1846. At
Wilkes-Barre nearly the entire po|)ulation of the valley
was assembled, and a splendid recejilion with an address
of welcome awaited them.
The total strength of the company, including recruits,
was 109; fifty-one, or less than one-half, returned with
the company.
The following is a roll of this company as it served in
the Mexican war, with individual casualities, dates of
discharge, etc.; where not otherwise noted the men
returned with the company :
Officox-f'aiitaiii, Edtiuiiui L. Danii; tiii-t licutenanls— K. 11. Ciilliiis,
(liscliaiyJ at Veni Cruz, April St, 1H4T: 1-'. L. Bowinaii. olcclfil Majiir
ill December, IMtt. Second lieutenants— A. IT. GolF, killed at Peiote,
April 13, 1.S4K ; .Tacob Waeldor. First sergeant ; Arnold (". Lewis, ap-
pointed second lieutenant to date from April 15, llilS. Second ser-
fteunt, .losepli W. Potter; diseharKed at Perote. Third sern-eant, Doni-
iuick Dcvanny. Fourth sergeant, .Tosepli W. Miner ; elected first lieu-
tenant June 15, 184T. First corporal, Wni. II. Ileauinont; appointed llrst
sergeant. Second corporal, D. W. ('. Kitchin; wounded at Cerrti
(lOrdo and diseharjred. Third corporal, Charles M. Stout ; appointed
lieutenant in the 11th iufantr.v. Fourth corporal, .lidni li. \'au);hn : dis-
charged at .Talapa. Drummer, Wilson li. Connor; discharged. Fifer,
Wallace J. Belding4 discharged.
frirad-K.— Grandison Abel. Joscpli Atwaril. John liarnes; left sick
at Cincinnati. Alfred Bentlcy ; died at Jalapa. Luke Iturke. Obcd C.
Ilurdcn. William Dachinan. Llojd M. Colder; dicil at Perote, July 1.
1*1". George Collings; appointed corporal. Jacob L. Cooper. William
II. CarkhulT; died at Perote, July M, l.siT. James F. Dill ; died at Perote.
Thonnis <i. Dripps : appointed serjreant. M. M. Debcrger ; discharged at
Vera Cruz in April. l.SiT. John C. Drinkhonstf : discharged at \'era Cruz.
April Hi. lt<47. James Kills; discharged at Vera Cruz, in June, ]S4S. I,e\ I
Finery. George W. Fell. Luke Floyil ; wounded. Samuel Fo.\ ; dis-
charged at Jalapa, Ma.v 1»<, 1S4T. F^rederick Funk. Joseph C. t^arey ;
discharged at Vera Cruz. Ai)ril lii, im7. I'atrick Gilroy ; discharged at
Vera Criiz. Aaron Gangawcre. Magnes Gonerman ; died at Perote,
July 29, 1(<47. John Goodermooth ; died at Puebla, Oct. «, ]>S47. Henry
Hcrnbroad ; appointed first corporal Ma.v !, 1K4.S. Peter Hine ; <lischarg-
cil at Vera Cruz. Nathaniel G. Harvey ; died at Perote. .\le.\andcr
Huntington. John Hunt ; discharged at .lalapa. .lohn Howaril. David
H. Howard, .\nthouy llaberholt. Charles .lohnsou. Pairick King.
Lyman C. Kidder; discharged at .lalapa. May is, IH47. Frederick Lehunui;
dischiirgedat Vera Cruz. Mch. ;!0,1S4S. Joseph Leopard. Saiiuiel .\. Lewis.
Charles D. Lutes; discharged at Vera Cruz in .Vpril, 1S17. Jcdiu \V. Myci-s:
died at Perote. John M(trehouse. l)a>'id K. Morrison. Walk*'r M. Miller :
discharged at Veni Cruz in .\pril, l.s47. Samuel Marks. John 11. Price: dii'd
at Jalapa, June li, 1K47. John Preece. killed at the siege of Piiebla, .Kiig.
28, 1*47. Jules Phillips. Isaac Rothermell ; died at Veni Cruz. Mch.
13, 1S47. James W. Kigg. John Shadell. Levi H. Stevens. James Stev-
ens; disehargedatVera Cruz(wouiidedl, in .\piil, 1X47. John Swan. Hiram
Spencer; discharged at Perote. .loliii Sliker; <lied at Penttc. .Inly 7. IH47.
James Sliker. Thompson Price; disi-harge^l. Wilson K. Sitsj-; diH4'liargi>d
at Perote. Charles Tripp: died at the siege of Puebla..'^ept. 12. 1S47. (ieorge
Tanner ; died at Perote, JuneW. 1S47. John Smith ; died at Perote, .\iig.
28, 1M7. N'ormanVanwinkii', discharged at Perote, .\ug. 2!«, 1H47. Iloldin
P. Vaughn • discharged at .lalapa. May Is, 1*47. Gei'sliom P. Vangordeii ;
diedat Perote .May2t,lHI7, Kdmuiid W. Wandell. Walslngham G. Ward;
disehargeilat Vera Cruz, .\pril 3, 1SI7. Thomas G. Wilson; ilied at .lalapa.
May20,l.'>47. William Vanderburg. William Whittaker. I'liomas J. Wright.
Annon Westhoven. Daniel W. Wltzell. William T. Wilson. Daniel W.
Varlott. William Diamond; discharge<l at New Drleans.Jan. II>,1SI7. Kiius
KJInger : dle<l at Mil. Jan. 31, |k|7. Patrick (I'LMhnell ; •Ih.il iil .New Or-
leiins. Jan. 2. Is47.
lUrniilf. Siuiiiiet Knorr: lo>'t atul ••nppi»M>4l klll(*4lul Nalloiuil llrldge.
Jan.. 1H|7. .Augustus I'^helx. fjiiidlln Fist. John Gniil. ('Iiarle« Gordon
Kriifsl (ionlon. William Hills n. Fn-<lerlik Musler. Jiiliii McKi-oiiii
Anthony Verni'l. .Michael Woir>ioii. Henry Welile. Adam Koblnlioli :
dlisl <in Ohio rlver..liily 1.1. IKtH. (ieorge O'Cnift : lirnt July 3, 1Mb:
suppos4>d drowneil.
Captain Dana retained for a time the command; was
reelected and comtnissioncd .April 26th, 1851. He was
followed successively by 'i"homas Parker, K. B. Collings.
K. B. Harvey, Samuel Bowman, Nathaniel Picrson and
A. H. Emiey.
When in 1861 the call for three months inen was made,
their serviies were again offered and accepted. Mr.
Emley, their captain, on their arrival at Harrisburg was
elected colonel of the 8th Pennsylvania regiment, to
which they were attachetl, and was succeeded in ilu-
command of the company by Captain E. W. Finch
After the exjjiration of their term the 143d Pennsylvania
volunleers, under Colonel Edmund I,. Dana, was formed,
and the old company formerly commanded by him w.ts
recruited to the retiuisite number under Captain George
N. Prichard, and on the 4ih of .Viigust, 1862, was mus-
tered in, and assigned, as Company (", to that regiment.
For nearly three years, and up to the close of the war, it
saw active service with the .Army of the Potomac, and on
many sanguinary fields sustained its reputation for cour-
age and discipline.
In 1870 the company was again recruited and John
Espy was elected captain. In 1871 it was transferred
from the 30th Pennsylvania national guards to the
artillery corps, and Captain Espy having been appointed
on the staff of General Osborne, E. W. Finch was elected
in his place.
The following is a list of the officers .it the time of thi^
writing, March, 1880 :
Thomas C. Parker, captain ; Charles 1 >. Hoover, lirsi
lieutenant ; James A. Roat, second lieutenant ; R'-'es
Leyshon, orderly sergeant; Butler Dilley, quartermaster's
sergeant; John Sl\ker, V. S.; John E. Ment/.. first ser-
geant; John Dickerson, second sergeant; Thomas C
Edwards, third sergeant; Richard Moore, fourth sergeant.
Only approved men are admitted to membership, and
the present strength of the rank and lile, thus constituted,
is sixty-three. It is supplied with four new six ])o«ndcrs
of the Phoenix pattern, and the uniforms and equipments
are of the kind adopted by the United States artillery-
During the past two years, while instruction in infantry
movements has been continued as usual, special attention
has been devoted to gun and sabre drill; and under the
able instructions of Captain Parker and his subordinates,
a high degree of proficiency attained. Through the elforts
of the company and the public interest awakened a large
and commodious armory has been secured and fitted u|),
and several very flourishing infantry organizations have
been formed in the city.
RECKNT MH.HAKV StRVICK.
The militia of the State of Pennsylvania, which was
established in very early times, was reorganized under an
=5=^
64
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
act of Assembly passed in 1822. Under this law an en-
rollment was made of all citizens between the ages of
twenty-one and forty-five liable to military duty, who
were required to appear for drill at certain times under a
penalty of fifty cents. Of course except to keep up an
enrollment for emergencies that might arise this system
was of no account, and for that purpose it was found
during the late civil war to amount to very little.
In 1S64 an act was passed regulating the organization
of the militia and dixiding the State into twenty military
divisions, in which an enioUment as before was required;
but in addition to this a system of volunteer companies,
regiments, etc., was established. These volunteers were
required to appear in uniform for drill and exercise, and
were supplied with arms and accoutrements by the State,
and constituted what was termed the volunteer militia.
Under that organization Luzerne and Wyoming were a
part of the ninth division. The expenses of this organi-
zation were borne largely by the volunteers themselves,
and this was found to be so burdensome to them that by
subsequent acts of Assembly provision was made for the
payment to the companies by the State of sufificient sums
to meet a portion of these expenses. By an act passed
in 1870 the name of " National Guard of Pennsylvania"
was given to this volunteer militia, and by an act of As-
sembly in 1874 ten divisions of the national guard were
constituted and Luzerne and Wyoming counties were in-
cluded in the third di\ision. Each of the divisions was
under the command of a major general, and the divisions
were divided into brigades according to the discretion of
their commanding generals.
In 1878, by an act of .Assembly, these divisions were
abolished and the State was constituted a single division'
with five brigades.
Under this law Luzerne, Lackawanna and Wyoming
counties became a part of the territory of the third brig-
ade. The national guard in Luzerne county consisted
of the Wyoming Artillerists — a four gun battery. Captain
T. C. Parker — and the ninth regiment of infantry.
The officers in this regiinent are: Colonel, (j. Murray
Reynolds; lieutenant colonel, Morris J. Keck; major, D.
S. Bennet; surgeon, Olin F. Harvey; assistant surgeon,
J. Holley; adjutant, .Arthur D. Moore; commissary, Oscar
F. Harvey; captains — James Ginley, J. Andrew Willet, H.
W. Wenner, Samuel Simpson, Charles A. Jones, John
Dunn, Henry Crandall, A. H. Rush and B. F. Stark.
In 187 1, during the long struggle among the miners, a
riot occurred at Scranton, to ([uell which the Wyoming
Artillerists, the McClellan Rifles — an infantry company at
Pittston — the fifth regiment of infantry of Luzerne county,
the Hazleton battalion — consisting of four companies of
infantry — and the Wyoming County Veterans — a company
of infantry from Tunkhannock — which constituted the
ninth division, under the command of Major General
Edwin S. Osborne, were called into service. They were
called out on the 7th of April and continued in service
till the 25th of May, during which time they were con-
stantly on duty, preserving the peace and guarding the
property at the collieries. Up to the 17th of May the
rioters avoided any collision with the troops, but on that
day it became necessary for the latter in the discharge of
their duty to fire on the rioters, and two were killed.
This had the effect to suppress the riot.
In 1874 the Wyoming Artillerists, the 15th which
had then come to be the gthj regiment, the McClellan
Rifles, the Telford Zouaves, of Susquehanna county, and
the ist regiment of infantry of Philadelphia, all under
the cominand General Osborne, were called to Susque-
hanna Depot to suppress a riot among the employes of
the N. Y. & E. Railway. They arrived on the 29th of
March, restored order and left on the ist of April.
On the 7th of April, 1875, the same troops were ordered
to Hazleton for the suppression of a riot among the
miners there. They remained on duty there till the nth
of May, during which time they were engaged in guard
and patrol duty and aiding the authorities to preserve
peace.
In the great strike of 1877 all the troops of the county
were brought into requisition, under General Osborne.
Tliey were called into service on the 21st of July and
were relieved on the 4th of August. They were by
order of the governor concentrated at Wikes-Barre, and
there held in readiness to assist the civil authorities in
preserving order. No collision occurred between the
troops and the strikers.
The troops called out for the suppression of these riots
were commanded by the following officers: ist regi-
ment. Colonel R. Dale; 15th, Colonel O. K. Moore; gin.
Colonel T. D. Lewis; Hazleton battalion, Major D. C.
Swank; Wyoming Artillerists, Captain E. W. Finch at
Scranton, Susquehanna Depot and Hazleton, and by
Captain Thomas C. Parker at Wilkes-Barre; McClellan
Rifles, Captain James Ginley; Telford Zouaves, Captain
James Smith; NV'yoming County Veterans, Captain R. W.
Bannatyne.
The services rendered by the troops in the suppression
of these riots and the preservation of order in the midst
of such surroundings not only reflect credit on the officers
and men composing the military organizations that per-
formed this service, but demonstrate the utility and effi-
ciency of citizen soldiers when properly or.- anized and
disciplined. The value of the property saved from de-
struction in these cases was probably many times greater
than the expense of maintaining these organizations.
CHAPTER IX.
K.ARl.V W.\(;()N RO.\l)S AND M.\II, ROUTES.
HE first roads in the country were Indian
trails, that perhaps had been used during
centuries. These were simply paths in the
woods, of a width sufficient to allow the pas-
sage of one person at a time, for in that order
constant and
lecome well worn.
(j^S- the Indians always traveled. By
"^ long continued use they had becon
<h
FIRS'I' WAC.OX ROADS.
f>-^
and they sometimes had a deplli of twelve inches or more
where the soil was soft. Over these trails the first settlers
in 1762 and 1763 came, and when they brought wiili them
teams of oxen and carts it was necessary to widen these
paths by cutting away the timber in places.
Thus originated tiie first wagon road from the Del.i-
ware to the Lackawanna and Susquehanna rivers, and to
the Wyoming valley, where the first settlement was made.
Mr. Allen Secord of Dunmore — the oldest resident of the
Lackawanna valley — says that this road left the Lacka-
waxen near the forks at Dyberry, came through the great
swamp, crossed Cobb's Mountain, followed Roaring
brook to where are now the Pennsylvania Coal Com-
pany's works at the foot of Plane No. 6; thence went
directly to the Lackawanna river, which it crossed and
followed on the west side to the Sus(iiielianna. Near
No. 6 stands one of the original marked trees of this road,
which Mr. Secord has known more than sixty years.
Hollister says of this road: "The old Connecticut or
Cobb's road, shaded by giant pines, e.xtending from the
summit of the mountain to Capoose, had no diverging
pathway to Slocum Hollow, No. 6, or Blakely, because
neither of these places had yet acipiired a settler or a
name."
The following extracts from the records of Westmore-
land for 1772 show what action was afterward taken
concerning the construction of this road. At a meeting
held in Wilkes-Barre October 2nd, 1772, it was voted
"that Mr. Durkins of Kingstown, Mr. Carey of Locka-
worna, Mr. Goss for Plymouth, Mr. Daniel Core for
Wilkesbarre, Mr. William Stewart for Hannover, are ap-
pointed a comtee to Draw subscriptions & se what they
Can Git sighned by ye adjourned meeting for ye making
a Rode from Dilleware River to Pitts-town." This meet-
ing was adjourned to the 5th of the same month, when it
was "voted that Esq. Tryp, Mr. John Jenkins, Mr. Phil-
lip Goss, Mr. John Durkins, Captain Bates, Mr. Daniel
Gore, Mr. \\'illiam Stewart are appointed Comtee-men to
mark out ye Rode from Dilleware River to Pitts-town,"
etc. October 19th, 1772, it was "voted that Esq. Tryp
is appointed to oversee those persons that shall from
time to time be sent out from ye severall towns to work on
ye Road from Dilleware River to this & so that ye work
be Done according to ye Directions of ye Comtee, that
was sent out to mark ye Road." The wages paid to
laborers on this road would hardly be considered remun-
erative now. " Escp Tryp," the overseer, was allowed
"Five Shillings Lawful! money pr. Day-" For the others
it was "voted, that those Persons that shall Go out to
work on ye Rode from Dilleware River to ye westermost
I)art of ye Great Swamp Shall Have three sillings ye day
Lawfull money for ye time they work to ye F^xceptance
of ye over seors; and from ye Great Swamp this way,
Shall Have one shilling and sixpence pr. day and no
more."
The fine road, six rods in width, which runs parallel
with the river through Kingston was laid out in 1770;
and about that time, or soon afterward, a road was estab-
lished between Wilkes-Barre and Pittston, at both of
whi( h places ferries were established. Another was also
constructed through Kingston, connecting with this across
the Sus(|uehanna just below Wilkes-Barre.
In 1779 a road from the Delaware at Raston to the
."^usciuehanna at Wyoming was ojiencd for the passage
of General .Sullivan's army. Improvements were after-
ward made on this, which was long known as Sullivan's
road, and it bc( ame the main thoroughfare between this
entire region and Philadelphia.
.\nother connection between the Siisqueharma an<l
Delaware was established by the construction, from 1787
to 1789, of the State road from Nescopetk Falls to the
Lehigh river. These roads were constructed according
to the circumstances and fashions of those limes, and
bore very little re.semblance to the macadamized car-
riage drives of the present day. One feature of them,
which is rarely seen now and which will soon cease to be
known, was the corduroy that was used for making cros-
sings over marshy spots or swamps. This was made of
small logs laid across the track, close together. Although
the passage way thus made over the swamps was dry it
was anything but smooth.
The first roads through Wyoming county, although
they followed the general course of the Sus(|uehanna
river, along which settlements were first made, ran over
the hills a short distance from the river, es|)ccially where
" narrows " occur. The construction of roads along the
river through these passages where room could not be
found for a path without excavating was then considered
too expensive, and the hills were surmounted to avoid
those places.
These primitive roads were little more than paths,
which wound through the forest to avoid trees and other
obstructions, with marked trees to indicate their course
and here and there a tree cut away to clear the path of
an unavoidable obstacle. While the settlements were
limited to the shores of the river and its larger tributaries
the necessity for improved highways was less urgent than
afterward; for the early settlers soon became very expert
in the management of canoes, and much of their busi-
ness, such as marketing, milling, etc., was done over the
river. At that period the river was also utilized as a
highway in the winter, and temporary roads were often
made through long distances on the ice.
At the commencement of the present century, by rea-
son of the large increase of population and productions,
an urgent necessity for better facilities for communica-
tion and transportation between this region and commer-
cial centers was apparent. To su|)ply this demand the
F^aston and Wilkes-Barre turnpike compiny was char-
tered in 1802: and the road, a large portion of which
occui)ied the old Sullivan road, was completed about
four years afterward, at an expense of about $75,000.
Not only was a great desideratum supplied by the con-
struction of this road, but liberal dividends were paid on
.the stock. The success of the enterprise gave an addi-
tional impulse to the turnpike mania wliii Ii .iroM- .ilmut
that time.
On the 30th of March, 181 1, the Legislature pa-sscd " an
t-
*
i^^-
66
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
act to enable the governor to incorporate a comjiany
for making an artificial road from the northern boundary
of this State, at the most suitable place near the twenty-
eighth mile stone, to the place where the seat of justice
is located for the county of Susquehanna; and thence by
the best and nearest route to the borough of Wilkes-
Barre, in the county of Luzerne."
Hon. P. M. Osterhout, of Tunkhannock, said of this
turnpike in an article published by him in 1S79:
"The road was to tie coin ineiiced within three years, and tini.shed with-
in ten. The tii'St [)a>"tncnt on account of stock was made by Mattliias
Hollcnliack, the father of (jeorg-e M. Hollenback, of Wilkes- Barrc, whidi
was June Silth, 1HI2. Jesse Fell was then treasurer of the coinjiany. The
road was located on the west side of the river until it i-eached Tunkhan-
nock -from Wilkcs-llarre— where it crossed the ri\er. When the sur-
\'cyors came to tlie mountain at Swartzwood's quite a contro\'ersy arose
whether they should cross the river by ferry at that point, or g-o over
the mountain to Asa Keeler's and from thence to Tunkhanno(;k, and
cross the river there. The Harding.s, the Millers, the Lees and the Jen-
kinses wanted the road located on the west side of the ri\'er until it
reached Tunkhannock : <in the other hand the Osterhouts, the Marcys,
the Averys, the .Sherwoocls, Uobertses and others desired the crossing
should lie at Keeler's ferry. Finally a bet was made as to the distance
between the two routes, ami as there was n(^t much money in the coun-
try at that time the wager was made in cattle — young- stock--and the
different routes chained. The west side of the river won and the turn-
pike was located there. While the turnpike was beinjj: made the jieople
on the east side of the river, to counteract the effect of the turnpike,
determined to have a continuous road on their side of the river from
Pitfston to Tunkhannock. There was then no road along the river
through the Falling Spring narrows, the narrows above Gardner's ferry,
and the narrows below Buttermilk Falls— the moim tains coming close to
the river's edge in these localities. It was a hard place to build a road
and reiiuired a great deal of labor. The people said it would save the
e.vpense of crossing the river at Wilkes-Harre and Tunkhannock, and
also the tolls on the ttirnpike, and the.v were determined to have a road.
The principal men interested had a consultation and it was finally
agreed upon that the Pittston people should build the road through the
Falling Spring narrows; that Captain .John Gardner, an old settler and
prominent citizen living on the flats above Falling Spring, shoiild see to
and superintend the building of the road through the narrows above
Gardner's ferry ; and that David Osterhout should see to the building
of the rood through the narrows below Buttermilk Falls.
•' These roads were built by the gratuitous labor of the men in the
neighborhood, without tax or expense to the townships. The people
turned out voluntarily as they would to a stone or logging bee, and
worked without fee or reward."
The road which had been constructed between Nesco-
peck and the Lehigh was converted into the Susquehanna
and Lehigh turnpike. The Susquehanna and Tioga turn-
pike, from Berwick to Towanda, passed through Fair-
mount and Huntington. A turnpike was also established
be'ween Blakely and Dundaff.
The Philadelphia and Great Bend turniiike (^commonly
known as the Drinker turnpike), which connected with
the Easton and Wilkes-Barre road at Taylorsvillc, was
chartered in 1819 and completed in 1826. It was an im-
portant thoroughfare. Hollister says: "It promised as
it passed through Providence, x'.ith its tri-weekly stage
coach and mail, to land passengers from the valley in
Philadelphia after two days of unvarying jolting. This
road was the first highway through Cobb's Gap." The
three villages through which this road |)assed were Brick-
town 'now Dunmorel, Razorville (now Providence;, and
Clark's (ireen. It was an important avenue of transport-
ation for produce and droves of animals to Philadelphia
7ia Easton, and for merchandise back.
Some of these roads were constructed at great expense,
but after a time they were abandoned. The Easton and
\Vilkes-Barre road continued in operation longer than
any of the others.
Plank roads were first introduced into the United States
in 1846, and at once the plank-road mania became even
more prevalent than the rage for turnpikes had been be-
fore. In 185 1 the Wilkes-Barre and Providence Plank
Road Company was chartered, and the road constructed
as far as Pittston, eight miles.
The Scranton and Carbondale Plank Road was con-
structed in 1853 and 1854, and since that time the Provi-
dence and Waverly, the Bear Creek and Lehigh, and the
Gouldsborough Plank Roads have been built, but they
have met the fate of these roads generally throughout the
country. Like many enterprises which are entered on in
the midst of excitement, without careful consideration
and prudent foresight, these have proved to be bad in-
vestments for the stockholders, though they were bene-
ficial to the country.
According to Pearce the first post route in this region
was established in 1777, between Wyoming and Hartford,
Conn., and the mail was carried once in two weeks by
Prince Bryant, who was paid by private subscription. The
conveyance of mails in the colonies had been provided for
by the British government in 1692, and at the commence-
ment of the Revolutionary war the control of the post-
office system was, of course, taken in charge by the fed-
eral government.
It appears that after the organization of Luzerne county
a weekly mail between Wilkes-Barre and Easton was es-
tablished, and in 1797 Clark Behe was the carrier, and
advertised to carry passengers during good sleighing. A
weekly mail was sent by the postmaster at Wilkes-Barre
during this year to Nanticoke, Newport and Nescopeck,
to Berwick, and back by way of Huntington and
Plymouth. The mail matter was left at such private
houses as the postmaster designated, for Wilkes-Barre
was the only post town in the county.
A fortnightly mail was established between Wilkes-
Barre and Great Bend in 1798, and another, once a week,
between Wilkes-Barre and Owego, N. Y., in 1799. The
names of Jonathan Hancock, Charles Mowry and a Mr.
Peck are recorded as mail carriers in 1800 and 1803.
The Providence post-office was the first in the Lacka-
wanna valley. It was established at Slocum Hollow in
181 1, and Benjamin Slocum was appointed postmaster.
The mail was carried by Zephaniah Knapp, on horse-
back, once a week, or in bad travelling once in two
weeks. The route was from Wilkes-Barre, 7'ia Slocum
Hollow, to Wilsonville then the county seat of Wayne
county; returning rM Bethany, Belmont, Montrose and
Tunkhannock. In 1824 the office was removed from
Slocum Hollow to Providence, and another established
at Hyde Park, with William Merrifield postmaster. Hol-
lister says that an old gentleman who discharged the
duties of mail boy from 181 1 to 1824 relates many anec-
dotes of his adventures, and his encounters of humanity
in its " most amusing aspects" at the stopping places on
his route.
"At one point," writes our informant, " the offlce was kept in a low
log bar-room, where, after the contents of the mail pouch were emptied
on the unswept floor, all the inmates Ka\o slow and repeated motion to
each respective paper and letter.
EARLY MAII- ROUTES— THL liEGIWIVr, oi' MININC;.
^>-
"Somctiiiu's tlir niiill hoy, llmllnic no one at home liiit the children,
who were Keiienilly entriiKi'il (Inininiintr on the (linnn- pot, or the house-
wife, uniliioiis with liinl iiiiil <lniiirh. lolli-hye-liiiliyiiii,' a liolsterotiM
ehild to sleep, was coinitelleil to net as earrler ami postmaster himself.
"At another point upon the route the eiinimisslon of postmaster fell
upon the thiek slioiililers of a Dutehinan, remarliable for nothiiiK hut
his full round stoniaeh. This was his pride, and he would pat it In-
eessantly while lu' dilated upon the virtues of his ' krout ' and his 'frow."
It would have lieen anui/.inffly stupid for the department to have ijiies-
tionod /(i.s order or inteyrity. foi- as the lean nuiil bajf i-ame tunihliiiff
into his do<ir from the sjiddli', the old eomieal hutehmau and his de-
V(ded wife earrie<i it to a rear be<i riioni in his house, poureil the eun-
tents upon the llonr, where at one time it aetuall.\' took tlu-m liotli f i-oni
three o'eloek one afternoon inilii nine the next mornintr to ehan);e the
mail. Ileii(n'in^, with Lord Hacoii. that ' knowledge is power," he de-
tained, about eleetion time, all politieal doeuments direeted to his op-
ponents. These he carefully deposited in a safe place in his (tarret until
after election da.\", when the.s' were handed over with Kreal liberality to
those to whom Ilicy belonK-ed, prn\'i<lfd lie was paid the postajfc.
"At anollu'i- remote place whci-e the (jdice was kept, the mail baK be-
inif returm-d to the post-bo.v almost empty led him to investi^fate the
cause of tliis sudden collapse in a ncijrhborhoftd inhabited by tew. The
prolific numberof ten children, graduating frotn one t4i tw<'nty in years,
all called the i>ostnuister ' dad,' and as none could read, letters and papers
c-ame to a dead stop on arri\'injr thus far. As these were poin-ed out on
the floor among pans and kettles each child would seize a package, ex-
claiming, "Phis is formel' and ' This for you !' and that for somebody else,
until the greater bulk of mail matter intended for other oltiecs was par-
celed out and appropriated, and never heard of again."
The first regular stage, a two-horse vehicle, was es-
tablished between Easton and Philadelphia in 1806 by
Messrs. Robinson and -Arndt. The trip was made weekly
and required a day and a half for each way. Conrad
Teter is still remembered by some of the oldest citizens
as one of the earliest stage proprietors. He carried the
mail in his stages weekly between Sunbury and Painted
Post, by way of VVilkes-Barre, Tunkhannock, etc., from
1810 to 1816. Pearce says of him: " He was a large fat
man, of a jovial disposition and desirous of making a
favorable impression on strangers. He drove stage, his
own stage, up the river. He took pleasure in pointing
out /lis farms to the passengers. He frequently informed
them as he passed the large residence and farm of
Colonel Benjamin Dorrance, in Kingston, that he was the
owner, and if asked why he drove stage would reply that
he loved to rein four horses but had no taste for farming."
In 1 816 three brothers named Horton established a
line of four-horse coaches over this route, and during
eight years carried the mails between Baltimore and
Owego, VVilkes-Barre and Montrose.
About the year 1822 the first stage ran between Wilkes-
Barre and Dundaff. It was at first a two-horse vehicle,
and was run by the brothers Daniel and John Searles
Two years later a four-horse vehicle re[)laccd the first,
and the route intersected the Milford and Owego Turn-
pike at Carbondale. The Searles brothers were then the
proprietors of the line.
Pearce records George Root as the veteran stage driver
of this region, a title to which a service of forty years
entitled him.
CHAPTER X.
THL HISTORY OK THK COAI, TRADE IN LUZERNE AND
LACKAWANNA COUNTIES.
("KX rURV has i)assed since anthracite coal
was first taken from the Wyoming valley to
/®^' vjl, be used in the forges of the United States
armory at Carlisle. It was tjuarried from
outcropping veins on the banks of the .Siis(iue-
hanna river, near Wilkes-Barre; floated in Dur-
ham boats to Harris's laniiing and thence
drawn in wagons to its destination, A trade floating to
market with the current, in boats which on the return
trip must be towed or pulled up stream by the arms nf
sturdy boatmen, must have been small; but it was the be-
ginning, and, continuing through the Revolutionary war,
and through various stages of progress, it has reached
giant proportions while yet. in 1880, scarce beyond its
infancy.
Volney 1,. .\la.xwell, Est]., in his interesting " Lectures
on Mineral Coal," read before the Wyoming Hislorical
and Geological Sot iety in 1858, says that the old (|iiarry
above Mill creek, from which the first coal was taken, was
explored by direction of its proprietor. Colonel George
M. Hollenbai k, some years before, when traces of the
ancient mining were found, overgrown with large trees.
At that early day the presence of coal was only known by
its appearance or outcropping at the earth's surface, few
believing thai it could follow, like the under crust of a jjie,
from one rim of the basin to the other. Long after, in 1837.
a newspaper ]Hiblislied by .Messrs. Webb iV Blackman, in
ICingston, replied to the question, " Does coal run under
all land in the valley ?" " Yes — certainly. At Carbon-
dale they have followed the coal under ground about a
mile." Even at this date there are peojile in the coal
field who doubt its existence beyond the reach of vision.
As a rule, the deeper it lies the belter it is supposed to
be. Near the old mine the Lehigh Yalley Coal Comjiany
has now two shafts in full operation, the coal more
than six hundred feet below the surface, from which sev-
eral hundred thousand tons of anthracite may be raised
annually; the mines extending not only under the lands
of Mr. HoUenback, but under and beyond the river Sus-
. (juehanna, taking coal from the farms of Colonel Charles
Dorrance and others on the Kingston side.
The trade down the Susquehanna continued and in-
creased after the war closed. The coal, quarried from
the hill sides, hauled to the river in wagons and loaded
into arks built for the purpose, of rough planks, floated
off on the spring and summer freshets in search of a
market. 'I'eams of mine-owners antl of neighboring far-
mers found winter employment; labor otherwise unem-
ployed had occupation in mining, cutting timber for the
rude arks, and in manning them for the voyage. Whal
jolly fellows were those arkmen and raftmen returning
with pockets full of money from the annual frolic down
the river. Few of thcui are left, but they insist upon
their right of recognition as pioneers in the opening coal
trade, earlier than 1820.
Mr. John B. Smith, senator from Luzerne in the Legis-
lature of Pennsylvania and a son of Abijah Smith, one of
the earliest operators of Plymouth and pro|)rietor of one
of the largest mines then known in the valley, wrote to
the Wilkes-Barre R(cori1 of tlu 7////«Ocfober 27th. 1874:
" I see you make a statement in your daily that the coal
business opened in 1820, with 365 tons. .Abijah Smith
purchased an ark in Wilkes-Barre, of John P, .'\rndt,
November 9th, 1807, and ran it to Columbia, loaded with
fifty-five tons of coal. From that date .Abijah Smith and
John Smith ran several arks yearly to 1826, loaded « ith
68
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
coal for market. In iSii and 1812 they ran 220 tons of
coal to Havre-de-Orace, had it re- loaded on a schooner
named " Washington," consigned to Price & Waterhury,
New York, who sold it on commission and rendered a
statement February ist, 1813. I think you should date
the opening of the coal trade in 1807 instead of 1820."
Mr. Stewart Pearce in his full and usually faithful
"Annals of Luzerne County " says that Colonel Ceorge
M. HoUenback sent two four-horse loads of coal to Phil-
adelphia in 1813, and that Mr. James Lee during the
same year sent a four-horse load from Hanover to a
blacksmith at Germantown.
The blacksmiths of this region early learned the use of
anthracite coal. ' Obadiah and Daniel Gore were smiths,
who came from Connecticut as early as 1768 and became
owners of coal lands near Wilkes-Barre. Their experience
in the use of the coal in their shops is said to have led
Jesse Fell to his experiment with coal in the open grate,
to which we are indebted for our pleasant grate fires.
Judge Fell was a mason, and left on a fly leaf of his copy
of "The Free Mason's Monitor" this record:
"February 11, of masonry 5808. — Made the experiment
of burning the common stone coal of the valley in a grate
in a common fireplace in my house, and f:nd it will answer
the purpose of fuel, making a clearer and better fire, at
less expense, than burning wood in the common way.
'" Jksse Fell."
" Borough of Wilkes-Barre,
"February 11, 1808."
These experiments are sufficiently authenticated to pass
into history, and it would be " biting a file " to attempt to
deprive the memories of Daniel Gore and Jesse Fell of
the credit and honor so long and so freely accorded by
those who knew them best, and who often made their
glasses of "flip" foam with the poker heated red hot
between the bars of the original grate, before which they
toasted feet and fingers during the cold winters.
Among the papers of Jacob Cist, preserved by a grand-
son, Harrison Wright, Esq., of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., are
certificates from several gentlemen who have made e.xper-
iments at an early day in burning anthracite coal. One
is from Mr. Frederick Graff, dated Philadelphia, May
13th, 1805, in which he says that in 1802 he had made
trial of burning anthracite in a stove, and found it to
answer exceedingly well. Mr. Graff signs as clerk of the
water works of Philadelphia. This may have been some
of the coal first taken out by the Lehigh Mine Company,
with which many experiments were no doubt attempted
besides the fruitless one described at the water works.
Another certificate is from Mr. Oliver Evans, February
iSth, 1803, who says he had used anthracite coal in a
stove, and in a small contracted grate in an open fireplace,
Ijroducing a degree of lieat greater than from any other
coal he had known.
True the original draft of survey of the manor of Sun-
bury, made by Charles Stewart for the j^roprietaries, on
the west side of the Susquehanna had "stone coal" marked
upon it ; but the date, 1768, is the same as given by Mr.
Gore to Judge Fell as that of their success in using coal
in their shop fires, so stated in a letter printed in Haz-
zard's Register ; and the surveyor, knowing of the use of
coal for centuries in England, upon hearing of the use of
it on the east side of the river would naturally suppose
it to exist on the west side if he had seen it on the hill
slope.
Judge Fell first made a grate of green hickory wood, in
which he tried his experiments; then had one made of
iron which he placed in the bar-room of his house.
There are many living yet who can remember when
coal was ship])ed in arks from Plymouth, Wilkes-Barre
and Pittston. Crandall Wilcox as early as 1814 sold
coal from his mine (now operated by the Delaware &
Hudson Canal Company, on Mill creek, Plains township"!
at $8.50 per ton in Marietta, Lancaster county. Pa. His
sons at a much later date sent coal in arks to market by
the river even after the canal was completed to Nanti-
coke, 1830.
Colonel Lord Butler owned that wonderful develop-
ment of anthracite, on Coal brook, a mile east of the
borough, afterwards known as the Baltimore mine, which
supplied Wilkes-Barre in early times. The coal was
quarried and delivered at $3 per ton.
Colonel Washington Lee sent several hundred tons
from his mines in Hanover in 1820, which sold in Balti-
more at $8 per ton. This brings us abreast of opening
trade on tlie Lehigh in 1820. Seeing its 365 tons and
going it much better, Mr. Pearce states the total to this
dale from Wyoming at 8,500 tons.
In 1823 Colonel Lee and George Chahoon leased a mine
in New])ort and contracted for the mining and delivery of
one thousand tons of coal in arks at Lee's Ferry at $1.10
per ton — the coal selling at Columbia at a loss of $1,500.
In 1829 the Butler mine on Coal brook, near Wilkes-
Barre, was purchased for Baltimore capitalists, and the
" Baltimore Coal Company" was formed under a charter
from the State of Maryland of February 17th, 1829, being
originally incorporated as the " Baltimore and Pittsburg
Coal Company." From this company the coal takes its
name which has given a wide reputation as one of the finest
veins of anthracite in the region. It first shipped coal
in arks.
The Stockbridge mine in Pittston sent coal down the
river in arks in 1828, furnishing about two thousand tons
in three years. Joseph Wright had shipped coal from
Pittston in 1813. This was probably the son of Thomas
Wright, who had a forge on the Lackawanna near the
crossing of the main road to Providence and well under-
stood the value of coal and coal lands. The place is still
known as " Old Forge." It was among tjie earliest tracts
to change hands from original owners, having been sold
by the heirs of Thomas Wright to a Mr. Armstrong, of
Newburg, and Hon. Charles Augustus Murray, a gentle-
man from England. It was said that the location of
Scranton hung in the balance at one time between "Old
Forge" and " Slocum Hollow," the latter with its blast
Jurnace aiid iron ore beds securing the prize.
In its issue of April 26th, 1837, the Kingston paper
says of the trade: "Up to kyxW 17th fifty arks had
*€^
4^
WATER WAYS lOR IIIK CO.M. IRADK
69
been dispatched from the Plymouth banks, averaging
60 tons each. This sold along the river at an average of
$4 j)cr ton. To this date but a tritle over 3.000 tons had
been shipped from Mauch Chunk, and only about twice
that amount from the whole Schuylkill region. With
the canal from Columbia to tide completed, and the north
branch by a proper route extended into the lake country,
' Old Shawnee ' alone can send 150,000 tons to market
per annum."
The commonwealth of I'ennsylvania as early as 1824
provided for the appointment of a board of canal com-
missioners, with instructions to explore canal routes from
Harrisburg to Pittsburg by the waters of the Juniata and
Conemaugh rivers; and also a route by the west branch
of the Susquehanna, tlie Sinnamahoning and Allegheny
rivers; and the country between the Schuylkill and Sus-
(juehanna rivers through the great valley of Chester and
Lancaster counties. The trade between Philadelphia
and the great and growing west attracted attention and
interest, but the wilds of the north branch, in which the
noblest of refugees from the wilder fury of the French
Revolution had sought shelter, and the still unappreciated
anthracite coal of Wyoming were little known and un-
mentioned.
As early as 1796 a small book was published in Phila-
delphia which by way of preface opened with a short
explanation of its object as follows: "The design of
these pages is to show the importance of the great na-
tional canal — the river Susquehanna; the eligible situa-
tion for the purposes of trade and manufactures of some
places on its banks and at its mouth; its great connection
with other main waters of the United States, and the ex-
tensive and fertile surface of country from which it must
drain the rich productions of agriculture and manufac-
tures." No mention of coal I
[n 1791 the Legislature approjiriated several thousand
pounds to improving the Sus(|uclianna. In 1792 among
the appropriations was one for a road " from Lehigh Gap
in the Blue mountain across the Metchunk mountain to
intersect the Nescopeck road made by Evan Owen,
_;^200." Another " from Wilkes-Barre to Wyalusing, on
the Meshoppen creek, and to the State line, ^^loo." No
word of coal !
Havre-de-Grace was to be a port for foreign and inland
commerce. The author of the work referred to says:
"The whole trade of this river must center at this spot
as an entrepot, or place of exportation. Whatever may
be the exertions of Pennsylvania, or the monied capital
of Philadeljjhia, //re /mi/f of this river must ever [nirsin- its
natural channel." " Seldom ever " would seem the more
appropriate expression suggested by experience. When
that book was written the migratory shad had a natural
channel and right of way up to its spawning grounds at the
head waters; and, fat with abundance of food, furnished
a luxury for the tables of people living along the river,
for the loss of which even anthracite is hardly compensa-
tion — at least in shad season. The writer of 1796 evi-
dently had no premonition of coming anthracite, or of
steam wagons annihilating time and space, on iron roads;
not only along the streams, but carrying the united loads ot
five hundred wagons with eascovcr some of the highest hilK
which border them. The age had not yet fully developed
the energies of a White, a Hazard, or of Wurts. Pardee,
Packer, Scranton and Parrish were yet in the future.
The great object of improving the navigation of ihr
Suscpiehanna, and o])ening a way to market for the pro-
duce of the settlers upon the upper waters, has been
accomplished, however, and by the use of its currents
Liberal appropriations followed the appointment of a
canal board, and the corner stone of the first lock was
laid at Harrisburg in 1827, with great rejoicings. Toward
the growing west, by the valleys of the Juniata and the
west branch of the Susquehanna, the public funds and
energies were first directed. The north branch must
take care of its own interests. Luzerne was aroused and
her strongest men were selected to represent her in the
State Legislature at its next session, for the purpose
of securing early appropriations. Garrick NLillery and
George Denison were chosen.
The canal commissioners began to place the North
Branch division under contract, extending from North-
umberland to the New York State line. Mr. Pearce, in
his Annals of Luzerne, thus refers to it :
" The 4th day of July, 1828, was fixed upon as the day
to break ground at Berwick; and the writer, then a boy.
numbered one among the great multitude assembled to
witness the interesting scene. The military were there
with their colors and drums and gay attire. Crowds
came from Wilkes- Uarre, Plymouth, Kingston, North-
umberland, Danville, Bloomsburg. and from all the
regions round about for thirty miles or more. (JId men
and women were there, and the boys and girls from town
and country came. And there was good cider, and a
vast supply of cakes, and beer that made the eyes of the
drinker snap.
" At the appointed hour the ceremonies began by
plowing near the present lock at Berwick. The plow
was held by Nathan Beach, Esq , and was drawn by a
yoke of splendid red oxen, owned and driven by Alex
ander Jameson, Esq. The loose earth was removed in
wheelbarrows, a rock was blasted, cannon were fired, and
all returned to their homes happy and buoyant with the
hope of a glorious future.
" In 1830 the canal was completed to Nanticoke dam.
and the first boat, named the 'Wyoming,' built by the
Hon. John Koons at Shickshinny, was launched and
towed to Nanticoke, where she was loaded with ten tons
of anthracite coal, a quantity of flour and other articles
Her destination was Philadelphia. The North Branch
Canal being new and filling slowly with water, the ' Wyo-
ming ' passed through the Nanticoke shute and thence
down the river to Northumberland, where she entered
the Susquehanna division of the canal, and jiroceeded with
considerable difficulty by way of the Union and Schuyl
kill canals to Philadeljihia."
The first venture by river and canal was frozen up on
the return trip, and its cargo of fifteen tons of dry good-
was carred to Wilkes-Barre on sleds.
1
70
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
In I S3 1 the " Luzerne," built on the river bank oppo-
site Wilkes-Barre by Captain Derrick Bird, took a cargo
of coal to Philadelphia, floating down the river to the
inlet lock at Nantitoke, and returned with merchandise
to Nanticoke dam in July. In 1834. commanded by
Captain Bnskirk, the " Luzerne " n.ade the first complete
round trip by canal between Wilkes-Barre and Philadel-
phia, the canal having been opened to Pittston.
From Pittston to the State line, a distance of ninety-
four miles, the progress of the North Branch was slow, and
in 1836 work upon it was indefinitely suspended. The
North Branch Canal Company was incorporated in 1842
to afford an opportunity for jsrivate capital in the coal
regions to invest and carry forward the much needed and
long desired improvement. "Show your faith by your
works, gentlemen; you who knock so clamorously at the
portals of the State treasury with the plea of public
benefit and necessity — you are the ones to be directly
benefited by this opening of the northern coal field to
market. Dig your own ditch."
But the capital was not here in proijer shape for such
investment. It was asking an impossibility. The farmer
with his two or three hundred acres of rough land could
not do more than support his family. The opening of a
canal or a railroad was to him at best but creating a mar-
ket for his homestead for thirty or forty dollars an acre —
say eight thousand or ten thousand dollars — an event not
desired; and the subscription of one third or even one
tenth of that sum meant distress and ruin when pay day
came. The other side of the picture — is it not seen in the
bright hues reflected from a hundred thousand fires
sparkling in hall and cottage over our broad common-
wealth, at a cost so light as to be almost unfelt? Not a
town or city but is benefited a thousand times more in
proportion to population than were the scattered peojile
of this then wild region. The fact was not so apparent
at that day, although the trade had added one tenth to
its first annual production of a million of tons. Now this
district alone in 1879 claimed credit for two-thirds of the
enormous out-put of twenty-si.x millions of tons sent to
market. The north and west, for whose benefit the North
Branch Canal was most needed, received ojie-third of the
product of this coal field.
It was with great apparent reluctance that appropria-
tions were renewed and work resumed on the northern
extension. The State had transferred all its rights in the
unfinished work to the company, upon condition that the
line from the Lackawanna river to the New York State
boundary should be completed in three yeais. The fin-
ished portion from the lock at Solomon's creek, on Nan-
ticoke pool, to the Lackawanna river was afterwards
added as a Iwnus. The opinion freely expressed abroad
that this was a useless ditch, only calcidated, if not in-
tended, to transfer public funds from the State treasury
to the pockets of needy followers of designing politicians,
was not encouraging to the capitalists of the vicinage, if
such there were. But the people once more were aroused,
and without regard to party united in urging its early
completion, that our anthracite might have an outlet to
the cold north country which was being rapidly denuded
of its forests and would need the coal for fuel, while the
southern and eastern markets were amply supplied by
the Lackawanna and by the middle and southern coal
fields.
Preparations had been made in Pittston for trade by
canal, although it will be noted that trade by the cheap
transportation in arks continued long after the canal was
finished. Judge Mallory. John L. Butler and Lord But-
ler had opened a mine and made a railroad of a mile to
the canal in Pittston, shipping coal as early as 1840. If
any deserved success those gentlemen might claim it for
liberal enterprise, energy and industry. They established
agencies, jiroduced excellent coal and bore all necessary
expenses of tolls and transportation. The close competi-
tion of the region nearer the eastern markets made returns
uncertain, and unreliable agents caused pecuniary embar-
rassments. In this way very noble men were worn out in
waiting for the completion of the northern outlet.
The absence of northern connections was for a long
time an obstacle to the progress of work, and it was
finally intimated that it would be resumed upon condi-
tion that the Junction canal, a link required in the chain
connecting the systems of Pennsylvania and New York
by the Chemung canal and Seneca lake, should be
pledged to completion at the same time. A meeting was
called and books opened for subscriptions to the capital
stock of the Junction canal. Mr. John Arnot, of Elmira,
N. Y., and Mr. George M. Hollenback of Wilkes-Barre,
Pa., were present, both deeply interested. There were
few men along the line at that day who had ready money
or securities to pledge for it, and subscriptions lagged.
After some good natured badinage between the two old
friends and capitalists, Colonel Hollenback said: "You
subscribe first, Mr. Arnot, and I will put down as much
as you do." Mr. Arnot immediately added to his signa-
ture "$100,000." Colonel Hollenback, true to his word^
promptly pledged his own name for "$roo,ooo" and in-
sured the completion of both canals. Actions like these
must not be estimated by results. The gentlemen had
little to'gain for themselves, but were actuated by a large-
hearted public spirit. It was nobly done, but it was too
late.
The North Branch extension was placed under the su-
pervision of Mr. William Ross Maffet, an able engineer
and an honest, efficient officer, for completion. Trade
was opened in the fall of 1856, when eleven hundred and
fifty tons of coal passed through it to western New York.
In 1859 the trade had only increased to fifty-two thousand
tons. Long delays had been fatal. Railroad construction
and operation had been so perfected during the suspension
of work on the canal that the railroads were enabkd to
compete successfully with internal water communication,
closed by northern frosts and useless for half the year.
The North Branch Canal was abandoned. " Sic Transit."
The Pennsylvania and New York Canal and Railroad
Company was incorporated in 1865, absorbing the charter
of the North Branch Canal Company, and by various
supplements secured the right to occupy the bed of the
r^*
FATE OF THE NORTH liRAXCH ( A\.\r.-(;iNTRR'S COAI. DISCOVK
RV
canal, which its railway now follows north from Pittston
through the Narrows, where there had been scarce room
for two farm wagons to pass on the way to and from
market. The railway was opened to Wavcrly in 1869.
For those who make the delightful excursion from New
\'ork and Philadeljjhia by the romantic I.ehigh Vallev
route and the Susquehanna, tlirough the Wyoming val-
ley, to Niagara and the west, the change is a great im-
provement in comfort and safety, however it may have
siiattered the idols of a generation reared in the faith nf
Joshua White — that canals were superior to any other
mode of inland transportation, and that the oil which lu-
bricated the wheels of a locomotive and its train would
cost more than all the expense of carrying the same ton-
nage on a ( anal. There was a great difference between
the Lehigh and North Branch canals. Joshua While
carried his heavy tonnage with the stream, the current
aiding. The light freight and empty l)oats went up
stream. On the Susquehanna the downward trade still
continues; but the coal taken north had to encounter the
resistance of the current, and it was a serious disadvantage.
What might have been the results of an early comple-
tion of our canal, and the establishment of large markets
at various points throughout tlie north and west, it is
bootless now to inquire. I'robably a long rivalry, and
time wasted.
The State sold its interest in the canals in 1858 to the
Sunbury and Erie Railroad Company, the North Branch
Canal Company being party to the arrangement, taking
the division from Northumberland north at $1,500,000.
The canal from Northampton street in the city of
Wilkes-Barre to Northumberland was sold in the Wyo-
ming Canal Company, chartered in April, 1859. This
company was merged in the Pennsylvania Canal Company
in 1869, the name having in 1863 been changed by
merger in the Wyoming Valley Canal Company. In
1878 the Pennsylvania Railroad Com|)any, which
controls this canal, reported the amount of freight in
net tons in 1866 as 668,706, of which 438,821 tons was
anthracite coal. The company has a tine bridge over the
Nanticoke pool, connecting its mines on the east side with
the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg railroad on the west
side of the river, over which its trade is continued through
the year; having collieries upon both sides openmg some
of the largest and best veins of coal in this region, froni
lands formerly of Colonel Washington Lee, Jameson
Harvey and others.
TRADE liV rill-; l.F.HIGH.
Citizens of Wyoming were early prospectors and oper-
ators in the middle coal field, engaged in efforts to intro-
duce anthracite coal to tide water markets while the war
of 181 2 obstructed foreign trade and the price of coal
was high. That the opening of those markets was of
importance to Luzerne is attested now by the fact that
nearly if not quite three million tons of coal was fur-
nished to the trade of 1879 by this county from mines in
the southern townships of Hazle, Foster, Butler and
Black Creek, having outlet by the Lehigh route; besides
a fair proportion of the eight and a «|uarter million tons
credited to the trade of the Lehigh Valley and I.ehigli
and Siisqueli:inn:i folds. «lii(h 111 I si li.ui- liciii W\ omiii^;
coal.
The editors ol "Cu.il, Iron and Oil," a work ol v.iliic
published in 1866. s.iy of the early history and develop-
meni of the anthracite regions: "The early history of
coal in America is much less obscure and uncertain than
its history in England, for obvious rj.iso;n. In fact the
printers themselves were among the pioneers of our coal
mines: first to advocate the value of coal, first to embark
in its development and first to chronicle its success, thougli
we cannot say they were first to profit. We may notici-
the examples of Cist, Miner and Hannan, whose names
appear prominently in the early history of anthracite
coal."
In 1840 the board of managers of the Lehigh Coal and
Navigation Company ordered the pid)lication of its earlx
history in a ])am|)hlet of some seventy pages, of whi<li
free use will be made in this chapter. This will insure
both conciseness and accuracy. Mr. l)addow says in
" Coal, Iron and Oil" that Nicho Allen, a noted hunter.
is reported to have discovered coal on Broad mountain,
in Schuylkill county, in 1 790. There is no written account
of it, and tradition may have blended two characters in
one incident; as only a year after, in 1791, another hunter,
the famous Philip Ointer, made a like discovery on the
" Matchunk," or Bear mountain, about nine miles west
of the site of Mauch Chunk. Philip winter's discovery
developed into the ni.'.nimoth mine of the Lehigh Com-
pany at Summit Hill. Philip tells his own story as fol-
lows:
" When I first came to these mountains, some years
ago, I built a cabin on the east side of the mountain, and
managed by hunting and trapping to support my family in
a rough way. Deer and bears were pretty thick, and
during the hunting season meal was plentiful; but some-
times we ran short of that, and frequently were hard up
for such necessaries as could only be purchased with the
produce of the hunter.
" One day, after a poor season, when we were on short
allowance, I had unusually bad luck, and was on my way
home, empty handed and disheartened, tired and wet with
the rain, which commenced falling, when I struck mv
foot against a stone and drove it on before me. It was
nearly dusk, but light enough remained to show me that
it was black and shiny. I had heard of 'stone coal ' over
in Wyoming, and had frequently pried into rocks in hopes
of finding it. When I saw the black rock I knew it must
be stone coal, and on looking round I discovered blac k
dirt and a great many pieces of stone coal under the roots
of a tree that had been blown down. I took pieces of
this coal home with me, and the next day carried them to
Colonel Jacob Weiss, at Fort Allen.
"A few weeks after this Colonel Weiss sent for me, and
offered to pay me for my discovery if I would tell him
where the coal was found. I accordingly offered to show
him the place if he would get mc a small tract of land
and water power for a saw-mill I had in view. This h'
readily promised and afterward performed. Tlie jjlace
was found and a quarry opened in tlie coal mountain. In
a few years the discovery made hundreds of fortunes, but
I may say it ruined me, for my land was taken from me
by a man who said he owned it before I did, and now I
am still a ])oor man."
The history authorized by the company opens with the
formation of the " I.ehigh Coiil Mine Company " :
"In V.i'-i n coiniiuiiy was foriiR'rt iiiulcr the title ot tlif Li-liif;li CntUMinc
Company, «lii) imrchasod fmin .Tacolj Weiss tlie tract of land on which
the laiffe openinj,' at Summit Hill is maile, and at'tcrwanls 'lookup,'
under warrants from the eomninnwealth, about ten thousand acres of
land, embracinjraliout H\ o-si.\ths of the coal lands now owned by the
Lehigh Coal and Navigation ( 'ompany. The Coal Mine Comjiany proceed-
ed to open the mines, and made an appropriation of ten pounds {$3fi.67)
to eonstruet a road from the mines to the landin'.? s (nine miles). After
many fruitless attempts to get coal to market over this nominal road,
and by the Lehigh river, which in seasons ot low water in its unim-
proved state defied the floating of a eanoc over its rocky bed, and after
calling for eontritiutions from the stockholders until calling was useless,
the Lehigh Mine Company became tired ot the experiment and suffered
their property to lie idle fur some years.
" To encourage and bring into notice the use of their coal, the comp-
any in December, ISOT, gn\e a lease upon one of the coal veins to Row-
land and liiitland for twenty-one years, with the privilege of digging
iron ore and coal, gratis, for the manufacture ot iron. This business
was abandoned, together with the lease, as from some cause thej' did
not succeed in their work.
" In December, 1813, the company made a lease for ten years ot their
lands to Messrs. Miner, Cist & Kobin.son, with the right of cutting
lumber on the lands for building boats; the whole consideration for this
lease was to l:)ethe annual introduction into market of ten thousand
bushels of coal, for tJte hoirlit of the /c.'wcf.s.
" Five ark loads of coal were despatched by these gentlemen from the
landing at Mauch Chunk, two of which reached Philadelphia, the others
having been wrecked in their passage."
When Colonel Weiss received the pieces of coal from
the hunter he took them to Philadelphia and submitted
them to the inspection of John Nicholson, Michael Hill-
egas and Charles Cist, who authorized Colonel Weiss to
satisfy Ginter upon his pointing out the precise location
of the coal. These gentlemen united with others in
forming the coal mine company, but without i charter.
Mr. Maxwell includes the eminent financier of the Rev-
olutionary war, Mr. Robert Morris, among the active pa-
trons of the early improvement of the Lehigh, but men-
tion of his name does not occur in the early histories
within reach.
Jacob Cist, a gentleman of unusually solid and brilliant
scientific attainments, who had in early life removed to
Wyoming, was a son of Charles Cist. In 1813 lie united
with Charles .Miner, editor of the GlraiuT, and John W.
Robinson, all of Wilkes-Barre, in the lease on the Lehigh.
Stephen Tuttle was a fourth. Isaac A. Chapman, after-
ward editor of the Glcaiwr, and author of an early his-
tory of Wyoming, was at one time associated in the en-
terprise. He was an engineer with Milnor Roberts and
Solomon W. Roberts on the upper division of the navi-
gation under Canvass White, and died at Mauch Chunk
while in the company's service.
Acurious old contract of January 27th, 1S15, " between
Chas. Miner of the one part and Benjamin Smith and
James Miars of the other part, witnesseth that the said
Smith and Miars have agreed to haul from the great coal
bed near the Lehigh, commonly called the Weiss bed, to
the landing near the Lints place sixty tons of stone coal
by the first day of April, 1815, for which the said Miner
is to jiay them four dollars and fifty cents per ton." If
the full amount was not hauled the price was to be only
four dollars.
There is also a memorandum, signed and sealed by
Philip Heermans, agreeing to build arks in a workmanlike
manner, ready to run by the first spring freshets in the
Lehigh, ten arks for four hundred dollars. " Said Charles
to find all the materials on the spot; to haul the timber,
board the hands, and to furnish them a reasonable quan-
tity of whiskey. Wilkes-Barre, November 23, 1814." A
note added — "Mr. "Heermans was a very clever fellow
and had built the arks previously used. I wish he had
lived to see the present development of the coal business
on his native Lackawanna."
The company's history says: "Only four dollars was
paid for hauling the coal over the road before referred to,
and the contractor lost money. The principal part of
the coal which arrived at Philadelphia was purchased at
twenty-one dollars per ton by White & Hazard, who were
then manufacturing wire at the falls of the Schuylkill.
But even this price did not remunerate the owners for the
losses and expenses of getting the coal to market, and
they were consequently compelled to abandon the prose-
cution of the business, and of course did not coinply with
the terms of the lease."
The venerable James A. Gordon, still hale and active,
in memory and body, wrote from his home in Plymouth
to the Wilkes-Barre Record of the Ti?ncs, February, 1874,
his recollections of this early Luzerne enteriirise on the
Lehigh :
" On the ITth .July, 1H1+, with Abial Abbott, Sterne Palmer, Strange H.
Palmer (another printeri, Thomas P. Beach, Joseph Thomas, Chester
Dana and Josiah Horton, shouldered knapsacks and tools for a march
to the Lehigh to build arks for Messrs. Cist, Miner and Miilhouse. (Hil-
legas ■/ )
" Four arks were ready for loading by the first freshet. The estimated
cost ot fifty tons, one ark load of coal, was: Mining, $50 ; hauling from
summit, S4..W per ton, SS-^o ; cost ot ark, $125 ; loading ark, $15. Total,
$415.
" Lehigh pilots were on hand. The fleet moved oft with the rapid cur-
rent, and in fifteen minutes brought up on a reef called ' Red Rocks,'
half a mile below. t)ne ark got through. In the ensuing December
peace was declared, and coal went down to si.v dollars. The enterprise
was a financial failure."
Mr. Gordon was one of the lads on board the stranded
ark who stripped nearly naked to stop the rush of water
through the hole stove in the bow, and got a good wetting,
of which he seems none the worse.
In 1879 Lehigh coal sold at Port Johnson for |!2.5o
per ton. Lackawanna coal sold as low as $2 per ton on
the Hudson river. The vast expenditure of money re-
quired to purchase lands, to develop mines, and to con-
struct lines for transportation of coal to market, which
makes possible this comparison of prices between coal
delivered on the Lehigh in 1815 and at tidal points in
1879, constitutes a portion of the indebtedness of coin-
panies, the interest on which must be added to the cost
of production in estimating the economic or the com-
mercial value of anthracite as a fuel.
Let those who complain of the grasping avarice of coal
dealers, or of "soulless corporations," carefully compute
the saving effected in cost by the sacrifices of time and
money on the part of the pioneers, and rest satisfied with
ORIGIN oi- riiK i.i;iii(;ii com. tradk.
7.?
yet higher prices than were charged in 1879. Kor the
increased comfort to the domestic circles in thousands of
homes, and tlie prosperity so widely spread through the
land by rendering cheap and abundant an article of such
prime necessity, bless those whose labors and enterprise
have produced the change, rather than revile them for
imputed faults.
The early efforts of tlic l.chigh C'oal Mine Conipany
were said to have resulted in the transportation of .1
small quantity of coal to Philadelphia. wh.ich the manager
of the walcr works ])urchased for use under the boiler of
a steam engine in Centre Scpiare. Erskine Hazard, in a
communication to the Historical Society, says the pur-
chaser thought it "only served to put the fire out, and the
remainder was broken up and spread on the walks, in-
stead of gravel."
Messrs. Daddow and li.uinaii, in their book on "' Coal,
Iron and Oil," say that a Mr. William Morris took a
wagon load of coal from near I'ort Carbon, in Schuylkill,
about the year 1800, without finding a market; and Mr.
William Trumbull was unsuccessful with an ark load
taken to Philadelphia in 1806 from Lehigh.
.\ few paragrai)hs epioted from the book will interest
the reader. All the history of the Lehigh Coal and Nav-
igation Company belongs to the trade of the Wyoming
coal field, and every effort to introduce anthracite to the
Quaker City and other markets as an article of commerce
was directly in our interest.
'■ In 1813 Colonel Georife Slioeinuker, of Pottsville, loaded nine wag-ons
with coal for Philadelphia. Two loads he disposed of at eost of trans-
ixirtatioo. oin' t() .Ntcssrs. Wliite & liaz u-d, at their nail and wire works
at the falls of the Seiuiylkill; and the other to Messrs. Mellon i Itishop,
of the Delaware eoiinty rollinj; mill. The other seven loads he either
Bn\ e awa.v, or disposed of for a trifle, to l)lacksniith.s, or others who
promised to try it. lint the eolonel was not to (ret olf so easily. Though
he lost time and money, and had the trouble of his attempts to introduce
a fuel whieh has sinee made Philadelphia one of the most wealthy and
prosperous cities in the world, the \ ery men to whom he had given his
coal obtained a writ from the authorities of that city for his arrest us an
iuip()stor anil swindler.
•• In the meantimo Mr. White, who was an.xlons to succeed in burning
this coal, with some of his men spent a whole morning in trying to ignite
it and raise a heat in one of their furnaces. They tried every possible
expedient whieh skill and experience in other fuelseould sugjrest. They
rafccd it, and [>i>kti{ it, and slirnil it up, and blew upon the surface through
open furnace doors with perseverance and persistent determination;
but all to no ))urpose. Colonel Shoenmker's roiks would not burn, and
the attempt was abandoned. Dinner time arrived, and the men shut
'he furnace doors in disgust, heartily tired of the stones, or stone coal,
if such it was.
•■ lieturning from ilinnerat the usual time, all hands were astonished
at the phenomena which they l>eheld. The furnace doors were red hot,
and the whole furnace in dangerof being melted down with a heat never
before experienceil. On opening the doors a glowing nuiss at while
heat was discovered. ,So hot a tire had never before been seen in the fur-
nace. From this time anthracite stone coal found friends and advo-
cates in Philadelphia, anil the motto ' let it alone ' became a recipe for
its use."
Mr. Hazard in a communication published in the
proceedings of the Pennsylvania Historical Society says
that Mr. Joshua Malin told them that he had succeeded
in using Lehigh coat in his rolling mill, and that White
it Hazard ])rocured a load of it which cost one dollar
jier bushel. It was entirely wasted without getting up
heat. Another cart load was obtained and a whole night
spent in endeavoring to make a fire in the furnace, when
the hands shut the furnace door and left the mill in
despair. Fortunately, one of them left his jacket in the
10
mill, and returning for it in about half an hour noticed
(hit the furnace door was red hot, etc., etc.
This makes the fact of the experiment and its success
clear. The parties narrating were interested in different
mines of the same long, narrow basin of coal now known
as the southern anihracite, which extends from near the
Lehigh almost to the Susijuehanna.
.\ very interesting "Memoir of Josiah White" by his
son-in-law Richard Richardson, now living in Arch sireit,
Philadelphia, pidjlished by J. H. Lippincott iV Co., 1873.
furnished many fads in connection with Mr. While's
efforts to improve the navigation of the Lehigh river and
introduce coal lo market. It says that coal was known
to exist in large tpiantilies near the head waters of the
Schuylkill river, and they procured some from there; but
the price was enormously high, forty dollars a ton, brought
to their works in wagons. They concluded to apply 10
the Legislature for the privilege of making the SchuylUill
navigable and supply their own coal at a cheaper rate.
It certainly would .seem more reasonable than the Lehigh
scheme, but the application in 1812-13 *^^* ""^' ^*'''''
ridicule of the idea of using coal as a fuel. The member
from Schuylkill ctninty affirmed to the Legislature that
although they had a black stone in their county it would
not burn. They were unsuccessful.
Erskine Hazard in an article in HazanVs Register says
that, their application as individuals having failed, they
called a public meeting and made a more formal applica-
tion for a charter, which was the commencement of the pre-
sent Schuylkill Navigation Company, incorporated in 1815.
Josiah While, George F. A. Hauto, and William Uriggs,
a stone mason, visited the Lehigh on horseback in 1817,
reaching Helhlehem on Christmas eve. Mr. White says:
" L'pon reluming home with favorable impressions of
the practicability of the project [of improving the river
and mining coal], it was concluded that Erskine Hazard,
George 1". \. Hauto and myself should join in the enter-
prise. I was to mature the plan; Haulo was to procure
the money from his rich friends; Hazard was to be the
scribe, he also being a good machinist and an excellent
counselor." The p.imphlet history of the company says:
•■ Upon Ihelr return and nmklng a favonilile report II wax B.<«.-<Tl«lne<l
that the lease on the mining |>ro|>erty ilhe l«i.«e to Miner, cist i llol>-
insonl was forfeitedliy in'ii i/« r. and that the law. the la.>t of si* which
had been pa-ssed for the im|>rovenienI of the navlKUllon of the rIviT. had
Just e.vplr«l l>y Its own liinllullon. f nder tlie-M- clrcumstani'cs the
I.ehigh Coal Mine Company lieeanie i-ompli-Iely displrltiil. and i'X«i-ui<-.l
a lease to .Messrs. While. Ilautii and llarjinl. for Iweiily yiiir-. of their
whole property, on cotidlllon Unit, afier u given lime for pn'panillon.
they should deliver for Ihelr own benelll at least forty thousand bushels
of coal annually In Philaih Iphia and the- dUlrlcls. and should pay, u|Mm
demand, <nie oar of i-orn as an annual rent upon the property."
So Miner, Cist i\: Robinson, like the poor hunter Gin-
ter, gained but a loss by their enterjirise and labors, their
lease having been forfeited by noii user .' It is the fate
of nearly all who wander ahead of their kind in search
of wealth or knowledge to lose or lo be lost. Genera-
tions which follow profit by such losses. In this con-
nection pardon will be granted by the kind reader for
the use of space in quoting from the interesting lectures
referred to in earlier ])ages. Mr. Maxwell, after noticing
the many abortive attempts to introduce coal into Phila-
delphia, says :
K^^
T
^>
74
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
"The fact was, the Philadelphinns and the people of
the Lehigh were behind the times ; they did not take the
Wyoming newspaper, and suffered the natural conse-
quences of such a blunder 1 I have been greatly inter-
ested in turning over their old files. Politics and the
stirring events of the European and American wars fur-
nished ample materials for their columns ; but home
subjects were not forgotten.
"In 1813 Mr.Miner was publishing 77;(^(J/M//cr in Wilkes-
Barre; and in a long editorial article from his pen, under
date of November 19th and the head of ' State Policy,' he
urged with great zeal the improvement of the descending
navigation of the Susquehanna and Lehigh rivers. He
then said: 'The coal of Wyoming has already become an
article of considerable traffic with the lower counties of
Pennsylvania. Numerous beds have been opened, and
it is ascertained beyond all doubt that the valley of Wy-
oming contains enough coal for ages to co...e.' He then
goes on to speak highly of its quality, aud says further:
'Seven years ago our coal was thought of little value. It
was then supposed that it could not be burned in a com-
mon grate. Our smiths used it, and for their use alone
did we suppose it serviceable. About si.x years ago one
of our most public spirited citizens made the e.xperiment
of using it in a grate, and succeeded to his most san-
guine expectations.'
'■ Again, in the same paper, issued on the 31st of De-
cember, 1813, in an article headed 'The Prosperity of
Philadelphia,' Mr. Miner wrote of the objects to be accom-
plished for her advantage: I, The connection of the waters
of the Chesapeake and the Delaware — since accomplished;
2, The connection of the Schuylkill with the Swatara —
since much more than accomplished by the Union Canal;
and 3, The opening of a communication from the Susque-
hanna to Philadelphia by a road or railway from Wilkes-
Barre to the Lehigh, and thence by that river to the
Delaware, and thence to Philadelphia. 'I have visited,'
he said, ' Lausanne and a number of other places on the
Lehigh, having particularly in view to ascertain the real
situation of its navigation.' Then, in the next issue of
the same paper, there is another editorial by Mr. Miner,
headed ' Navigation of the Lehigh,' and occupying two and
a half colums of the paper. In it he wrote earnestly and
at length as to the merits of our coal, as well as to the
improvement of the Lehigh. Upon this point he printed
in italics the following sentence: "I say with great confi-
dence, this is the course pointed out by Nature for the
connection between the Susquehanna and the Delaware;'
and e.xjjerience has since verified its truth. He then urged
upon the public the improvement in question, on the
ground of the comparatively small expense it would re-
([uire. He was not too sanguine, as the event has proved.
On the contrary, he then said: 'Our public im-
provements must grow with our growth and
strengthen with our strength. We cannot expect
in this young country, having so many points to im-
prove, to equal the old and more populous countries of
Europe. I appeal to the judicious men who have wit-
nessed the failure of our grandest plans, if they have not
miscarried because they were disproportionate to tlie
necessity and the ability of the country;' and he closed
this part of the subject by saying. ' I hope our grand-
children may live to see a complete railway from this place
to the Lehigh, and a canal from thence to Philadelphia.'
"This is an interesting passage. It would be interest-
ing to know just how many of Mr. Miner's readers under-
stood at that day what a railway was. There was not
then a railway in existence, — save the 'tram roads' in
and about the mines of Newcastle, — and to those who
understood this how much like the merest vagaries of the
imagination must Mr. Miner's confident hope have
seemed. And yet it has been more than realized. His
grand-children have indeed not only lived to see that
very railroad and canal completed, but he has lived to
see it himself, finished and in use; and more than this, —
he has lived to see rot only that particular railway and
canal, but also five other railroads and two other canals
diverging from this valley to the great coal marts of the
country! [.-^nd since the above was written a railroad
has been made north by the side of the canal; two
others south to the seaboard cities and beside the
Lehigh canal; and the construction of two others has
also been commenced, leading into the valley from
different directions and by new routes.]
"But the result of Mr. Miner's investigations, and of
his explorations of the Lehigh at that early day, was the
hope that even then coal could be got down the
Lehigh river to Philadelphia in arks from Mauch Chunk;
and in December of 1813 he, in company with Messrs.
Cist and Robinson, of Wilkes-Barre, leased the mines at
Mauch Chunk and made arrangements to try the experi-
ment. Mr. Robinson withdrew early from their company.
" Of Mr. Miner I need hardly speak in this commu-
nity. For a number of years he represented old Luzerne
(then embracing all of northeastern Pennsylvania) in the
Legislature of the State. Subsequently he represented
Lancaster, Chester and Delaware counties in Congress;
having for his colleague James Buchanan, now President
of the United States. In 1S32 he returned to his early
home, and is still with us, enjoying happily, at his Re-
treat, the evening of a long and well spent life; the valued
friend of all about him; and all are friends of his in return.
"Jacob Cist, Esq., who was associated with him in
their Mauch Chunk enterprise, was the son of Charles
Cist, who with Robert Morris and others had formed the
Lehigh Coal Mine Company. He came to this
valley in his youth, and commenced the mer-
cantile business in this town; but he was
devoted to scientific studies and held a wide correspond-
ence with scientific men. He understood better than
any other gentleman of his day the geology of this region.
Highlv ajjpreciating its coal, and clearly forseeing its im-
portance, he was ever ready to jiromote its appreciation
abroad; and great reason have his respected descendants
in this valley to bless his honored memory, his sound
judgment and far-seeing forecast, verified in his short
life by his wise and ample provision for them in the pur-
chase of coal land.
/
^h
IMPROVEMENT OF THE I.EHI(;H
■f
75
"We speak of these gentlemen thus particularly be-
cause their undertaking was depreciated at the time, and
the gentlemen themselves subject to ridicule by those
whom their foresight, courage and enterprise greatly
benefited."
Mr. Miner lived to see, years after the lectures were
read before the Historical and Oeological Sociey, the
whole of this splendid im[)rovenient upon the upper
Lehigh swept away by a flood, with all his cherished the-
ories of interior water transportation for articles of bulk
and of small value; and railroads, ciieapened by improved
machinery, taking its place on both banks of the Lehigh,
doing a business in amount far beyond the wildest of his
early dreams. Mr. Charles Cist, the father of Jacob Cist,
Mr. Richardson speaks of in his memoir of Joseph White
as "an intelligent painter." It is not unlikely that he was
both editor and painter, and from him his son inherited
his genius and his taste for the fine arts. In early life
Jacob Cist, while generously assisting a refugee from over
the Atlantic, who was in ill health, came in possession of
an old painting brought from abroad. After his decease
his family discovered that it was of great value, jjrobably
the original of Rubens's "Susanna and the Elders."
E.xact copies of it are found among the engravings in
foreign art galleries, but the original is nowhere else to be
discovered. As an original Rubens it is almost priceless —
the next in value to anthracite coal, to wiiich we return.
In 1818 an act was passed by the Legislature to improve
the navigation of the river Lehigh, granting to White,
Hauto &: Hazard some members said, the o])portimity of
ruining themselves) privileges " now considered of such
immense magnitude that they ought ne\er to have been
granted, and which those gentlemen were, at that time,
pointed at as extremely visionary, and even crazy, for
accepting." The history says :
** The stock of this comi>an.v was sub.scribod for on comlition ttiat a
committee slioulil imicecil to the Lchiirh ami satisfy themselves that
the actual state of affairs correipondeil with the representation of theni.
The committee consisted of two of our most re*pectal)le citizens, both
men of nuicli mechanical skill and ingenuity. They repaired to Maiich
Chunk, visited the coal mines, and then built a batleau at I^ausiinne. in
which they desi'cnded the I.ehi$ch ami maile their observations. They
both cami' to the conclusion, and so reported, that the improvement of
the navigation was perfectly practicable; and that it would not c.vceed
the cost of J.')l),()0(l, as estimated, but that the maklntr of a (food road to
the mines was utterly impossil»le; for, added one of them, to »rive you
an iilca of the country oxer which the road is to pass, I need only tell
you that I cimsidered it ipiitoan casement when the wheel of my car-
r'lBiie struck a stump instead of a stone."
This report, of course, voided the subscription to the
joint stock.
The Lehigh Navigation Company was organized on
the loth of August, 1818, with a capital of two hundred
thousand dollars, in two hundred shares of stock.
The Lehigh Coal Company was organized on the 21st
of October following, for the purpose of mining coal,
making a road to the river and taking the coal to market.
This arose from a diversity of opinion as to the relative
profits of the two interests.
It was thought and suggested that the trade of the
Susquehanna could be diverted by land carriage over the
turnpike already made from Berwick, only thirty miles
distant, and turned to Philadelphia. These far-seeing
men already imagined the Oanvillc, Hazlelon and Wilkes-
Barre Railroad, as well as the Lehigh and Susi|uehanna
road. They said: "By the Sustpiehanna and Lehigh
the western counties of New York will be nearer, in
point of expense, to Philadelphia than to Albany, and
consei|uently a large portion of the produce which now
goes down the North river to New York may be calcu
lated on for the supply of Philadelphia."
Reaching the North river by the Oanville, Hazleton
i\: Wilkes-Barre Railroad, and the Eastern States by a
bridge over that stream at Poughkeepsie, must certainly
have been beyond their most acute mental visions. Yet
the corner stone of that bridge was laid in 1873.
In soliciting subscriptions to stock, Stephen (iirard
said "he formed no partnerships," and declined. Joseph
Bonaparte respectfully declined, by letter through his
secretary. One wrote "that his Wilkes-Barre friends be-
lieved we could not be in earnest in our navigation."
In the spring of 1820 the ice severely injured several
of the dams and more money was needed. This resulted
in the purchase of Hauto's interest by White iV Hazard.
In April the two companies amalgamated their interests
and united under the title of The Lehigh Navigation and
Coal Company; the navigation was repaired and three
hundred and si.xty-five tons of coal sent to Philadelphia,
as the first fruits of the concern. This overstocked the
market and was with difficulty disposed of.
By a new arrangement made the first of May, 1821, the
title of the company was again changed, to the Lehigh
Coal and Navigation ('ompany; the capital stock was in-
creased and White i\: Hazard released to the company
all th(Mr reserved rights in consideration of certain shares
of stock given to them; the company assuming the set-
tlement of Hauto's claim upon White iV Hazard arising
from the purchase of his interest the preceding year.
George F. A. Hauto, whose wealthy friends had been
relied on to furnish capital, may not have been a capital-
ist, but he was evidently a very shrewd man. Mr. Rich-
ardson, in a note to his memoirs of Josiah White, says
that " Hauto was a German, and had insinuated himself
into their confidence by his pretensions to wealth and in-
flueiice. He had to be bought off at a considerable
pecuniary sacrifice." The exact terms of his agreement
at settling are not at hand. He was to receive a certain
royalty per ton, or bushel. A letter from Mr. Richard-
son conveys the following information upon this point:
" I have a.scertalncd from some of Jojdnh While's old dixunienl- that
hi the spriiiir of IIO). to (fi't out of the coni-ern. White and lla/jird a»fn-.'<l
to srive him a royally of half a cent a bushel <m nil itwl mini-.! and «eiil
to market, for his Interest In their partnership. Iliiulo afterwanl nl-
lemplcl to form what was ewlli-d 'The Half I'enI Ciiinpany.' and liwiicl
shares of stock, of which he sohl in his lirelliiH- lr1M shiin.ii. which, ax
the par prliw of hfs sti«'k was $!*>. would have »mounle<l to {49,71111. Thb"
stock was irlven. It wassnUI, in payment of his delns, and at a heavy
discount on the par value, pndiably at any rate the partlra would take
them at, aiKl It was Ihouirhl hedlil not niallK' inn ■ i Thii-<im-
pany afKTward. In IKKI. hoUKhl the niyully foi I upon In.-
Iwcen them, but I do not know the IlKun-s. I ; - :....i!o was then
ilead."
.Assuming anthracite coal to average twenty-five bu^'' ! =
to the ton, the royalty would amount to one York sh.
or I2j4 cents, which would give Mr. Hauto, upon the
tonnage of the company reported for 1879. an income oi
^4=^
76
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY,
$87,250. It paid upon the total tonnage of the Lehigh
and Susquehanna Railroad and Lehigh Canal in 1S79, it
would be 1^20,000, nearly.
The rocky and stumpy road to the summit mines is
now the bed of the Switchback railroad, growing so
famous among tourists and e.xcursionists to the "Switz-
erland of America." In 1826 it was decided to make a
railroad along the turnpike as a measure of economy.
The only railroad in the United States was one of three
miles to the Quincy granite quarries. This road from
Mauch Chunk was nine miles in length, completed in
May, 1826, with a descent all the way from beyond the
summit mines to the river. The empty wagons were
taken back to the mines by mules, which rode down in
special cars attached to the coal trains, running by gravity.
He was a sturdy man who could prevent a mule from en-
tering his pleasure car, which was also his dining car,
when detached from the traces.
This improvement, increasing the facilities for produc-
tion of coal, rendered further improvement of the naviga-
tion desirable, and, the Delaware division of the Pennsyl-
vania Canal having been decided upon, it was determined
to construct a canal and slack water navigation from
Mauch Chunk to Easton. Mr. Canvass White, whose
reputation as an engineer stood high, recommended a
canal of the ordinary size to accommodate boats of twenty-
five tons. The acting managers wisely overruled this,
arguing that the same number of hands could manage a
boat carrying a hundred and fifty tons, requiring but one
additional horse to tow it; the whole cargo being coal,
which could always be furnished, and the expense per ton
be very much reduced. The Delaware division unl'ortun-
ately was but half the size, and when both were com-
pleted two boats of the Delaware could pass the Lehigh
locks. The compa-.iy suffered by this short-sighted policy,
which the managers, ascribing it to the " experience of
Europe," said, "had thwarted a noble work by which
sloops and schooners would, at this day, have taken in
their cargoes at White Haven, seventy-one miles up the
Lehigh, and have delivered them, without transhipment,
at any of our Atlantic ports.
This "experience of Europe," acquired among the
narrow and slow canals which had proved so profitable in
England, operated against the early trade of the Dela-
ware and Hudson Canal Company almost as disastrously,
as will be seen in the history of our eastern trade. En-
gineers and capitalists are, perhaps, still too prone to look
back, if not now upon the "experience of Europe" yet
upon the disastrous past, and only perceive when elevated
upon the advancing tide of commerce of the present
how limited were their vision and knowledge during the
past years. There are, however, brilliant exceptions to all
rules.
By act of the Legislature March 13, 1837. the com-
pany was authorized to construct a railroad to connect
their Lehigh navigation with the north branch of the
Susq'uehanna at or near Wilkes Barre, and the capital
stock was increased to $1,600,000, at the same time re-
pealing so much of the former act as required the com-
pletion of a slack water navigation between White Haven
and Stoddardsville, which had been placed under charge
of Edwin .A. Douglass, Est]., engineer, in 1835.
Commissioners ap[)ointed by the governor in 1S38 to
inspect the work — Samuel Breck, Nathan Beach and
Owen Rice — reported on the 12th day of June, after
thorough examination, that " the company having now
fully complied with the law, and in a manner honorable
to themselves, and (as Pennsylvanians the undersigned
say, with pride) most honorable to the State, we deem
them entitled to a license for charging and collecting the
legal toll."
It may not be out of place in this history of the coal
trade to give the dimensions of one of the locks — No. 27,
called Pennsylvania lock — on this once magnificent im-
provement, the pride of the Lehigh, on which so many
hopes of this Luzerne region had been based, as reported
by the commissioners : " Twenty-seven feet thickness of
solid wall at the bottom and ten feet on the top ; thirty
feet lift, three feet working guard ; chamber twenty feet
in width ind one hundred feet in length, eighty-six feet
clear of the swing of the gates, and containing nine thou-
sand nine hundred and seventy-two cubic yards of ma-
sonry, and two hundred and forty two thousand four
hundred and nineteen feet, board measure, of timber
work ; and the largest dams being of the height of fifty-
eight feet and of the width of one hundred and ninety
feet at the combing." This lock and dam sustained no
serious injury by the great flood of June, 1862, which
destroyed the navigation from White Haven to Mauch
Chunk.
The Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad was completed
in time for shipment of five thousand eight hundred and
eighty-six tons from Wyoming in 1846.
How many active men of this region labored in early
years for the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company,
earning bread and comfortable homes and money to pay
taxes, and held its name and those of Josiah White and
Erskine Hazard in pleasant remembrance as household
words long after the tardy action of the commonwealth
had given promise and hopes for the future progress of
its improvements on the Susquehanna !
The Beaver Meadow railroad, chartered in 1830, was
finished in 1S36, extending from the Beaver Meadow
coal basin which is partly in Luzerne county, to its
shipping point on the canal six miles below Mauch
Chunk, a distance of twenty-five miles to Parryville.
The Hazleton railroad, commenced in 1836, connected
with the Beaver Meadow road at Weatherly, half way to
the Lehigh, and the Hazleton coal was shipped on the
canal at Penn Haven. The old jilanes are seen as you
pass the mouth of the Quakake creek at Penn Haven, de-
caying relics of the past, in the midst of the progress,
bustle and active business rivalry of competing railroads
of the present. Instead of the lonely wilderness described
by Josiah White in 1818, when with Erskine Hazard
they "leveled the river fiom Stoddardsville to Easton,
the ice not having all disapjjeared, there being no house
between the former place and Lausanne, obliging us to
- /3
f-^^ / , ) ^^yp-i^ vl^Cy
It
*ih^-
THE CENTRAL RAIIROAD OF NKW IKRSEY— ASA PACKER'S OPERATIONS.
lie out in the woods all night," now the whistles of a
hundred locomotives startle the echoes of the hills by
day and by night.
Mr. White says : " .Above the gap in the Hlue moun-
tain, there were but thirteen houses, including the
towns of Lausanne and l.chighton, within sight from the
river, and for thirty-five miles above Lausanne there was
no sign of a human habitation; everything was in a state
of nature."
The coal trade of I.u/erne receives full benefit of the
labors of the pioneers on the Lehigh, and its history would
be but partially written and incomplete without this
record of their enterprise. The various basins of
anthracite coal found in the townships of Ha/.le, Foster,
Butler, Black Creek, and jjossibly across the boundary
lines of adjoining townships in the southern portion of
the county, furnish annually between three and four mil-
lions of tons to the trade, of wliic h the Lehigh Valley
Railroad, opened in 1855, perhaps carries two-thirds.
A contract was entered into between the Lehigh ("oal
and Navigation Company and the Central Railroad Com-
pany of New Jersey on the 31st day of March, 187 1, by
which the latter company became lessee of the railroads of
the former company, agreeing to pay one-third of the
gross receipts as rental. The cost of transportation of
coal, the chief item of tonnage, was to be regulated by the
price at which it was sold.
At the close of the year 1873 tlie coal lands of the
company were leased to the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre
Coal Company, which was formed by the consolidation
of the Honeybrook Coal Company and the Wilkes-Barre
Coal and Iron Company, at a minimum rental of five
hundred thousand dollars $500,000), on a royalty of
twenty-one per cent, of the price ruling at Mauch Chunk.
This included lands in Luzerne as well as those upon the
Lehigh. At the same time it was agreed that the Central
Railroad of New Jersey should ojierate the canals of the
Lehigh Company from Mauch Chunk to Easton and the
Delaware division purchased at the sale of the State
works, paying a fixed rental of §200,000 for their use.
The stroke of apoplexy which prostrated the whole
civilized business world, the first attack occurring in the
failure of J. Cooke iV Co., in 1873, drove the Central
Railroad of New Jersey into the hands of a receiver. The
leased canals were abandoned and with the Lehigh coal
lands passed again into the hands of the original owners,
who became once more a mining and transporting com-
pany.
The railroad now recognized as the Lehigh and Sus-
(juehanna division of the Central Railroad of New Jersey
includes the Nanticoke Railroad and the Baltimore Coal
and Iron Railroad, extending from Nanticoke, on the
pool at the head of the Suscjuehanna Canal, by the foot
of the planes and the light track, to its junction with the
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Railroad at
Green Ridge in the City of Scranton, now the seat of jus-
tice of the new county of Lackawanna. Passing through
the townships of Newport, Hanover, Wilkes-Barre, Plains,
Jenkins, Pittston and Lackawanna; connecting at Wilkes-
Barre with the tracks of the Plymouth and Wilkes- Barn-
Railroad and Bridge Company, and opening as it does
the heart of this northern coal field, the New Jersc\
road becomes an important factor in the problem of our
future coal trade.
Near White Haven the Nescopeck branch brings ton-
nage to the Central from the I'ppcr Lehigh mines in the
C.reen Mountain basin, and from the Sandy Run mine^
in the Little Black Creek basin. A few miles below the
Sandy Run branch affords outlet to other mines of the
Little Black Creek at Ecklcy, Jeddo, Milnesville, Eber-
vale, Cross Creek, Highland, etc., all producing largely.
The Hazlelon and Beaver Meadow road, merged in the
Lehigh Valky Railroad, affords outlet from thcHa/letcn,
a portion of the Beaver Meadow, and the Black Creek
basins in southern Luzerne.
.\sa Packer, native of Connecticut, a carpenter by
trade, acciuired in Susquehanna county, whither he had
traveled on foot from his eastern home, when a young
man, found work upon the Lehigh, where his keen fore-
sight had play and his great energy of character and in-
domitable will material to work upon. He acquired coal
property and projected a railroad to carry his coal to
market from ihe Hazleton region. Following the river,
his line absorbed the Beaver Meadow road, already in
operation from Parryville to Penn Haven, where it re-
ceived coal from the now abandoned planes. Crossing
the Lehigh at that point, the towing path of the ui>pcr
navigation occupying the west bank, his road followed on
the east side to a point opposite White Haven, where by
a substantial liridge it joined the Lehigh and Susipiehanna
railroad at its southern terminus, and thus had uninter-
rupted communication by rail with the great Wyoming
coal field, and transjiorlation without transhipment to
tide water.
All this was not accomplished without opposition, and
when, after the disastrous flood of 1862, which swept
away the upper division of its navigation, the Lehigh Coal
and Navigation (Company decided to abandon the water
and extend its Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad from
White Haven along its towing |)ath to Mauch Chunk, the
head of its canal, competition between the companies
developed into keen rivalry for room and right of way
along the narrow passes where there had been scant room
for a towing path. The Lehigh Valley Company, crossing
from the east to the west side above Mauch Chunk, occu
pied available s|)ace by numerous sidings to accommodate
its growing trade from the (Juakake branch at Penn
Haven, and the Lehigh and Susquehanna road had to
draw upon the east bank of the stream at low water for
material to make room for its tracks in the channel, along
side its rival.
The Lehigh Valley Company met tins new pri)jii i l>y
pushing the road northward from White Haven to Wilkes-
Barre in 1866, competing with the Lehigh and Sn
hanna road for through freight. A little incident, <. «. .;
ing at the time and now amusing, will show to what heat
the friction of jarring interests had carried the immedi-
ate contestants. The Lehigh Valley road united «ltli th.-
!^^
78
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
Lehigh and Susquehanna road at grade, the bridge hav-
ing been built, of course, with a view to amicable trade.
A long construction train of gravel cars crossed the
bridge one evening, and was shunted upon the rival
road with tools of all kinds, ready to begin operations on
the new road, the high bluff on the \\'hite Haven side at
the crossing precluding any other arrangement In the
early morning an energetic employe of the Navigation
Company observed this intrusion, and taking an old loco-
motive up the track with a full head of steam, he let it
loose upon the innocently offending train, and butted it
into the Lehigh, a heap of ruins. The immediate result
is not remembered, but it is a curious fact, illustrating,
perhaps, the admiration of Judge Packer for pluck and
energy, that the chief responsible actor in that day's
drama has almost from that time been in the service of
the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company.
'I"h2 navigation company improved the planes at Solo-
mon's Gap, and for convenience of returning trains of
empty cars, light freight and passenger traffic, made a
light track for locomotive power from the head of the
planes north by the Laurel Run Gap and back to the foot
of the planes, a distance of thirteen miles, to overcome
the steep mountain grade by the planes some three miles.
The steepest grade of the back track is ninety-si.x feet
to the mile. It was considered by many to be an almost
impossible feat in engineering, but it was successfully ac-
complished under the supervision of Dr. Charles F.
Ingham, of Wilkes-Barre, an able and experienced en-
gineer, at what cost cannot be now stated. It w^ould be
curious to coinpare old and modern estimates of cost
and trade through Solomon's Gap and the Lehigh.
In 1833 the Legislature appointed Messrs. George M.
Hollenback, Andrew Beaumont, Henry F. Lamb, \V. S.
Ross, Charles Miner, Samuel Thomas, Joseph P. Le
Clerc, Elias Hoyt, Benjamin A. Bidlack, E. Carey, Bate-
man Downing, Ziba Bennett, Jedediah Irish, Thomas
Craig, D. D. Wagner, Azariah Prior, Daniel Parry, Lewis
S. Coryell, Joseph D. Murray, John C. Parry, William C.
Livingston, Benjamin W. Richards, Robert G. Martin,
Joshua Lippincott and Lewis Ryan commissioners of
ihe Wyoming and Lehigh Railroad Company, who em-
ployed Henry Colt and Dr. C. F. Ingham, civil engineers,
to examine the route through Solomon's Gap and report.
The elevation of the summit above the borough of Wilkes-
Barre was found to be twelve hundred and fifty-one (1,25 i)
feet, and above the Lehip;h si.x hundred and four (604) feet,
and the distance between the two points about fourteen
("14) miles. Grading for a double track was recommended,
with a single track at first. The estimated cost of grad-
ing double track on the western division, eight miles, was
$20,250; from the summit to the Lehigh, six miles and a
quarter, $12,850 — total, $33,100; and for engineering and
unforeseen contigencies twelve per cent. $3,962; and we
have the cost of graduation, $37,062. Average cost
per mile, $2,647.28. Cost of one mile of superstruc-
ture, timber, iron rail plates, connecting plates and labor,
with one turnout, $3,805.50. Average cost of railroad
per mile, $6,452.78. Cost of 14^^ miles, $91,952.11.
Cost of four inclined planes, $4,000 each, $16,000. To-
tal, $107,952.1 1. Estimate made in view of the use of
steam for locomotives and stationary power. The com-
missioners, in an address to the public, say: " Persons of
intelligence and capacity to judge estimate that two
hundred thousand tons of coal and three million feet of
lumber, at least, will pass along this road to New York
and Philadelphia from the vicinity of Wilkes-Barre, which
now remain undisturbed where nature placed them ; and
the great and increasing trade of the Susquehanna, which
now goes to Baltimore, will be diverted to New York and
Philadelphia." The estimated tolls upon coal and lum-
ber would exceed $47,000. Coal could be delivered at
Easton at $2.82 per ton.
At that day, with rails of wood covered with a flat strap-
iron rail, operated by horse power, solid road beds were
not so necessary as they are now. The Little Schuylkill
railroad ran a light locomotive on such a track, but not
with success. So, too, the Delaware and Hudson Canal
Company with its first imported locomotive, a mere teapot
in comparicon with those of modern |)attern, failed be-
cause too heavy for the road. These estimates, ridiculous
as they seem in the light of modern experience, were in
accordance with the necessities of the times and the pros-
pects they had of accomplishing a deliverance in that
direction. The coal trade of the year ];receding did not
reach three hundred thousand tons from all the regions.
The year before the company put their road under con-
tract the trade was nearly seven hundred thousand tons.
From the beginning the course of the anthracite coal
trade has seemed to baffle all calculations, even to the
year 1880; and those who look back see many wrecks,
while in danger themselves of meeting the same fate trom
want of faith in the future.
The failure of a loan in England, to meet the cost of
improvements to make good its loss of the upper naviga-
tion, and the sums thrown away in useless opposition to
its rival roads, overwhelmed the Lehigh Coal and Navi-
gation Company, and its works passed into other hands,
to be resumed as already stated. A modicum of the good
sense of the early projectors might have shown them that
there is room enough and market enough for all, and that
competition for the coal trade must be open for the ben-
efit of those most interested, the consuming millions scat-
tered over the broad Union of States, from the great
lakes to the gulf, and from the Atlantic far beyond the
Mississippi, even to the Pacific Ocean.
The comjjany has brighter prospects now, and may
hope to realize its full share of the profits of the future.
The growth of eastern trade from the Lackawanna,
which has followed and rivals that of the Lehigh, now
demands attention, and will be found equally curious and
interesting in its development.
THE DKI, AWARE AND HUDSON CANAL COMPANV.
The Wyoming coal field is the largest and most north-
ern anthracite basin of Pennsylvania. In area it is some-
thing under two hundred s(iuare miles, or about one hun-
dred and twenty-seven thousand acres.
^^
THE DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL COMI'ANV.
TJ
Fifty miles in length, and in breadth averaging four
miles, it extends from a point above Heach Orove, on the
west side of the river Susquehanna, liaving a course
about northeast, to its terminus a few miles above Car-
bondale.
Resting on the conglomerate rock of bright i)ebl)le
stones cemented together, which lies in a cradle of red
shale, its boundaries are easily traced along the out-
croppings on the Kingston mountain on the west and
the Wilkes-Barre mountain on tlic east, while the sincli-
nal axis or trougli, dijjping under the river, is carried
deep below the rough hills of the lower townships, ris-
ing gradually with an irregular formation like solidified
waves, until its measures thin out and disap|)ear along
the head waters of the Lackawanna river, having tlie
shape of a vast canoe.
The Sus(|uehanna forces its way through the western
boundary at the middle of the basin, where it receives
the waters of the Lackawanna, which have traversed the
upper regions of the basin's trough, and together they
leave it at Nanticoke, taking a western gorge to Shick-
shinny, where the stream curves and crosses the lower
Ijoint of the coal formation on its course to the ocean.
The cluster of small basins in the southern townships
of Luzerne county, which are opened by the Lehigh im
provements, belong to the second or middle coal field.
While Josiah White, Erskine Hazard and other enter-
prising citizens of Philadelphia were seeking the black
diamond among the rugged hills of the Lehigh to its upper
waters in Luzerne county, and were solving the jjroblem
of its value as a fuel, other Philadeljihians were exploring
the northeastern borders of the county for mineral coal,
and the passes of the Moosic mountain to find an outlet
by the waters of the Lackavvaxen and Delaware rivers to
eastern markets.
Mr, William Wurts was the pioneer " who first con-
ceived the idea of transporting coal of the Lackawanna
valley to market by an eastern route." A note to an ar-
ticle on the Delaware and Hudson Canal (-ompany in
"The National Magazine," .August, 1845, for which ac-
knowledgments are due to .Mr. Charles F. Wurts, of New
Haven, Conn., says: " With such views, as early as 1844.
and while that valley was yet an unbroken wilderness,
without road or bridle path above Providence, he explored
it and the passes of the Moosic mountain to find an outlet
to the Lackavvaxen and the Delaware rivers, selecting and
purchasing such coal lands as were most eligibly situated
in reference to that object."
On the 13th of March, 1823. .\Laurice Wurts and John
Wurts, who had conceived the bold enterprise of con-
structing a railroad and canal to their coal lands on the
Lackawanna river in Luzerne county, procured from the
Legislature of Pennsylvania an act authorizing ^L^urice
Wurts of Philadelphia, his heirs and assigns, etc., to enter
upon the river Lackavvaxen, or any streams emptying
into the same, "to make a good and safe descending
navigation a/ least once in every six days, except when the
same may be obstructed by ice or flood," from near Wag-
ner's Gap in Luzerne, or Rix's Gap in Wayne county, to
the mouth of the said Lackawaxen. "with a channel not
less than twenty feet wide and eighteen inchesdcep for arks
and rafts, and of sufllicient depth of water to float boats
of the burthen of ten tons." Certainly a n)odesl begin
ning.
Forty two davs after this act of Assem'oly was approved
at Harrisburg the Legislature of New N'ork passed "an
act to incorjiorate the president, managers and con>pany
of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company," for ihc
expressed purpose of forming a water communication
between the rivers Delaware and Hudson, so that a sup-
ply of coal might be obtained from large bodies of tliK
valuable article belonging to Maurice Wurts, of the Stati-
of Pennsylvania.
liy an act of the Pennsylvania Legislature approved
.April 1st, 1825, and an act of the New York Legislature
of .April 2cth, 1825, the two companies were consolidated
and reorganized in this Stale as the " I'resident, Manager-
and Company of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com-
pany;" with power to construct and maintain such rail-
ways or other devices as may be fotmd necessary ii.
provide for and facilitate the transportation of coal in
the canal.
Tolls upon the canal were not to exceed eight cents
per mile " for every ton weight," and on the railroad a
sum not exceeding twelve per centum per annum upon
the amount of money which shall have been expended in
the construction of said railroad."
Soon after the consolidation of the comjianies work
was begun, and grounii broken on the 13th of July. 1R26.
Parts of the New York section, upon which work was
first commenced, were being finished when the contractor
began worK on the Pennsylvania section, which runs from
Honesdale to the mouth of the Lackawaxen, a distance
of twenty-five miles, at which point it is joined to tin-
New York section by, an aqueduct over the Delaware.
The length of the canal from the Delaware to the Hud
son is eighty-three miles, making the total length of canal
from Honesdale to Rondout one hundred and eight miles.
The act of Assembly of April ist, 1825. limited the
maximum of tolls to be charged on stone coal to one cent
and a half per ton i)er mile, and at the same time au-
thorized the company to assume all the rights originallv
granted to Mr. Wurts. I'he State had reserved the right
to resume all the rights and privileges granted at the ex
piration of thirty years from the date of the law of March
13th. 1823, without compensation to the company il the
tolls received had already repaid the original cost of the
canal, with six per cent, upon the capital invested.
In June, 1851, a committee appointed by the I-egisla-
ture to investigate the affairs of the Delaware and Hud
son Canal Company met at Honesdale and examined
the vice-president, Mr. Musgrave. the engineer, Mr
Russell F. Lord, Mr. Archliald. Mr. Thomas H. R. Tra
cy, superintendent of the Pennsylvania division, and
others, with reference to time of completion, cost, tolls,
income and capacity of the canal.
Mr. Lord testified that he had been in the employ of
the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company about twenty-
o
"4*
So
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
five years; that work was commenced on the I'cnnsyh'a-
nia section of their canal in 1826 or 1827, and that the
contractors were at work in its construction when he
came as resident engineer in 1827. Boats passed from
the Hudson to the Delaware river with light cargoes in
the summer of 1827, and over the whole of the New
York section in 1828, when bo.its with very small car-
goes reached Honesdale, and with large cargoes in 1829.
A small quantity of coal left Honesdale in 1828. The
original locks on the Pennsylvania section, of which there
were thirty-seven lift locks and one guard lock used,
were nine feet four inches in width, seventy-six feet
long, and from nine and a half to eleven feet lift. Boats
originally crossed the Delaware river by a rope ferry
through the pool of the dam. 'I'hc aipieduct was first
used in 1849.
Mr. James Archbald testified th.it he had charge of the
company's mines and railroad. He had been in employ-
ment with the company since 1825, excepting one year.
Boats on the canal originally carried from twenty-five to
thirty tons. The company owned lands for reservoirs of
water to supply railroads and canals in a dry season, in
Lu/.erne and Wayne counties. There were four reservoirs
at that time. They had nearly two thousand men em-
ployed in the mines and on the railroad, at a cost of
$1,800 to $2,000 per day. There were already over
twenty-five miles of underground railroads at the mines.
Mr. Tracy said there were eight reservoirs of water for
the use of the canal, independent of thosa named by Mr.
Archbald, of from ten to three hundred acres.
Mr. Lord, re-examined, stated the number of locks on
the New York section of the canal as seventy-two lift
and one guard lock, fifteen feet wide, one hundred feet
long, and from seven to twelve feet lift. The maximum
of tolls in New York was eight cents per ton per mile;
on the Pennsylvania section, one cent and a half per ton
per mile. The company charged one cent and a half per
ton on the New York side, and only o/ie half cent per ton
on the Pennsylvania section, making no allowance to the
State for the company's own coal or other freight. The
amount ex|)cnded on the Pennsylvania section, including
original construction, repairs and superintendence, im-
provement and .general enlargement of the canal from
1828 to Jul)' 17th, 1851, was $[,413,496.98. There was
another aqueduct across the Lackawaxen above the Del-
aware aqueduct, belonging to the Pennsylvania section.
The reason given for the discriminatioi in tolls on the
two sections was " to encourage transportation of coal by
the New York and Erie railrod, which does not come so
directly in competition with Hudson river markets." The
Erie road jjasses along the Delaware, crossing the Lacka-
waxen on the Pennsylvania side, and now has a branch
to Honesdale, passing through Hawley, to accommodate
the cDal trade by the Delaware and Hudson and Penn-
sylvania Coal Com|)anies' roads.
This investigation was undertaken ostensibly with the
view of resumption by the State, which had passed sev-
eral acts for the improvement of the Delaware river, and
had completed the Delaware division of its canals from
Bristol, in Bucks county, to tLaston, in Northampton
county, sixty miles in length, to accommodate the Lehigh
coal trade; and apparently on its way, as surveyed, to
Carpenter's Point, now Port Jervis, a few miles below the
mouth of the Lackawaxen. The company was repre-
sented by Hon. George W. Woodward and William H.
Dimmick Escjs., as counsel. It is clear that whatever the
object, the investigation did not lead to resumption, and
the facts as elicited are given to show the progress and
condition of the trade toward New York in its early
stages. From the Carbondale mines the coal was carried
over the mountain on a gravity road of a single track to
the canal at Honesdale. It will be observed that "foreign
experience" had operated injuriously in the east and at
the south, and the canal was not complete at its twenty-
five-ton boat capacity until the necessity of enlargement
became evident. Unfortunitely it is not in constructing
canals alone that such experience operates disastrously in
this country. But that is not a subject for c[jmment in
this portion of our coal trade history.
The sites of both Honesdale and Carbondale were in
the natural state of our northern wilderness when ground
was broken for these improvements. Carbondale in 1828
contained one log cabin, built to shelter Mr. Wurts in his
early explorations. It is now a flourishing town, having a
city charter, and has been an excellent market for prod-
ucts of agriculture from townships surroanding it for half
a century.
Honesdale has long been the county seat of Wayne
county, a populous and flourishing borough. It was
named from the first president of the company, Pliilip
Hone, Esq. The appliances at this point are claimed
to be " of a capacity to handle one thousand tons of coal
an hour."
The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's trade at
first was feeble, and anthracite as difficult to introduce in
New York as it had been in Philadelphia. Mr. John
Wurts, many years afterward president of the com-
pany, wrote to Mr. Charles Miner, of Wilkes-Barre,
a long and interesting account of his efforts to in-
troduce coal upon boats on the Hudson to gen-
erate steam as motive power where wood had been
used as fuel. It seems strange at this time that a city
having constant communication with Liverpool and Glas-
gow should have had such strong predjudices against coal
or so little knowledge of its u.se. True, iuiproveinents in
making coke and the discovery of applying the hot blast
to the hard coal of Wales were just beginning to revolu
tionize the iron trade in England. It was not till 1833
that the introduction of hot blast to the furnaces on the
Clyde reduced the cost of pig iron more than one half.
Then wood was still cheap in New York. Not a boat
could be prevailed upon to give it a fair trial, or volun-
tarily to lose a day for the purpose of testing this stone
coal. The greatest concession gained was permission to
work at night, while the boat was lying idle, in fitting the
furnace at the company's risk and in furnishing coal for
the experiment on one of the small day boats.
This was at last accomplished, and the fact
COAI. INTRODUCKI) ON STHAMHOATS— THE PENNSYLVANIA C(»M1'ANY.
»i
demonstrated that steam could lie generated and thelioat
])ropelled by it. In the same way the owners of a larger
boat, running between New York and Albany, were in-
duced to try the coal, and not only the |)ower to pro-
duce sufficient steam shown, but the more important fads
that the tri]) could be made with greater speed and at
less cost for fuel than by the use of wood. This then
was evidently the dawn of a |)rosperous trade. \ large
steamboat was then constructed under the Delaware and
Hudson Canal Company's directions, fitted with furnaces
designed especially for the use of anthracite coal, with
successful results. It is possible th;it this may have been
a ferry boat, as an article in the A'rn' York Journal
of Commerce in 1835 under the caption, "Steam by
Anthracite Coal," stated: "The new steam ferry
boat ' Esse.x,' to ply between New York and Jersey
City, has been fitted up with Dr. Nott's patent
tubular anthracite coal boiler. The ' Essex ' is one hun-
dred and twenty-six feet long on deck, with twenty-four
feet beam and nine feet hold, using Lackawanna coal."
The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company contracted
to deliver to Dr. Nott's boat five thousand tons of coal
per annum, at $4 per ton, which was one dollar per
ton below the market price, for six years, coal not to be
|)aid for unless the receipts of the boat exceeded other
expenses ; upon condition that the '-ompany should
have the use of this patent anthracite boiler for
six steam boats at a price not to exceed sixteen
thousand dollars.
It has been stated that coal was used on ferry
boats in New York as early as i^.^r. The exact date of
Mr. Wurts's labors is not recorded, and his letter has been
lost. Lackawanna coal acquired a high reputation as a
fuel for generating steam, and the increasing demand for
it compelled constant im])r<)vement in the capacity of the
canal. Originally designed for boats of thirty tons, which
it reached in ICS43, it was in 1846 forty tons, in 1S48 fifty
tons, in 1853 one hundred tons, and now the average per
boat is about one hundred and thirty tons, " with a ca-
pacity adecpiate to the transportation of two millions of
gross tons annually."
The active competition between the Schuylkill Canal
and the Reading Railroad, approaching completion in
1841, so reduced prices that ])ermanent enlargement of
the Delaware and Hudson Canal was hastened to lessen
cost of trans|)ortation and meet this competition. But
it was not enough Canals have had their day and are
out of fashion, if not out of date — " vain transitory
splendors." The long, cold winters of northern climes,
where the bright fires of anthracite coal are most needed
to cheer the lengthened nights, render canals useless
more than half the year by their frosts, and the Delaware
and Hudson Canal Company, with .',n annual trade ex-
ceeding three millions of tons, having reached the maxi-
mum capacity of its canal more than ten years ago, has
now control of the trade on lines of railway leading from
the heart of the Wyoming coal field to Canada, opening
directly the very best prospective markets in the world;
with numerous connections east and west at all important
11
points along its route, insuring an almost unlimited d<?-
iivmil fill ihe products of its mines.
llll. I'KNNSVI VANI.V 1 llAl, I l>MI-.\NV.
Like an oasis in the desert, the Pennsylvania Coal
Company through all the misfortunes and depressicins of
the coal trade the past few years has maintained its po-
sition as a dividend paying corporation, and held its slock
above par amidst the fierce contests of the animals in
Wall street.
The reader will not confound this company with the
Pennsylvania Railroad Com()any, which is now enrolled
among the roal transporting companies in this region,
ojierating under the charier of the Sustpiehanna ("o.il
Company on both sides of the river at Nanticoke. and
which owns that portion of the old North Hranch Canal
from Northampton street, Wilkes-Harre, south.
The subject of this sketch was originally engrafted
upon the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, the
ambition of which was limited in extent of its landed
possessions and ])owers of expansion by restrictive
clauses in its charter. Two charters were procured from
the Legislature of 1838, both approved April 16th. "The
Washington Coal Company " was probably organized
first, and on .April ist, 1849, was authorized to sell and
relinquish its property to the Pennsylvania Coal Com-
pany, under which title the two were consolidated and
afterwards absorbed the rights of the Wyoming Coal As-
sociation, chartered February i5lh, 1851.
Large tracts of land were pur< based in certified Pitts
ton township on the Susquehanna, and in Providence
and Dunmore on the waters of the Lackaw.inna. A
double track railroad was made, the cars propelled by
stationary power and gravity by a series of inclined
l)lanes. The distance is forty-seven miles; the tracks do
not run side by side, but diverge at points to the distance
of two or three miles from each other, (iround for this
road was broken in 1847 and it was finished in 1S50
The loaded tr.ack, as it is termed, or the track upon which
the loaded cars are run, starts two miles below Pittston
on the Sus(piehanna, with a plane upon which the coal
from the Port C.riffith mine is hauled; and a train of cars
made up at the summit runs by its own gravity, the
speed regulated by one or two men at the brakes, accord-
ins: to the length of the train, to the town of Pittston.
where it is taken in sections to the second plane, from
which it takes its own way again to the foot of No. 3 at
Pleasant Valley— and so on to Hawlev on the Delaware
& Hudson Canal, tapping in its course its mines m
Luzerne, and on the La.ka wanna in the present county
of that name. The return track carries the empty cars
back to Port C.riffith, dropping the proper proportion at
the different mines in its westward course.
Many gentlemen held stock in both companies and were
often at the same time directors in both. At a very early
day this company secured most favorable terms for rates
of tolls both upon the Delaware & Hudson Canal and
upon the Erie railro.id. Upon the New York division
of the canal a liberd r >!.• wis fixed, ii was said, to induce
^
82
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
persons or companies to provide coal to be transported
on the canal. Upon the Pennsylvania section the reason
given for charging one-half cent a ton [lermile toll, while
a cent and a half per ton was charger! on the New York
section, was to encourage the transportation of coal over
the Erie railroad to markets which did not come in com-
petition with their markets on the Hudson — both logi-
cal, good and sufficient, although seeming to clash, .^s
a transporting company, through trade was to be en-
couraged on the canal, as experience has proven it to be
cheapest on all lines of transportation. As a coat com-
jiany, looking to large markets and to profits on coal far
beyond the capacity of its canal, it was wise to be seek-
ing new markets and encouraging the trade by every op-
portunity which presented. This foresight has been of
great service to the Pennsylvania Coal Company. When
coal sold at $2.50 at Rondout this company paid no
tolls, but when the price was above that sum one-half
the increase was charged as tolls on the Delaware and
Hudson Canal. This arrangement, with the favorable
terms for transportation on the Erie road, has given the
company important advantages over rival companies.
Without the heavy cost of locomotive railroads, owned or
leased, or large indebtedness to draw interest from its
treasury, it. has been able to make dividends which sent
its stock up to 280 per cent, while other stocks were
below par in the markets. In 1850, the year the gravity
railroad was opened, it was credited with one hundred
and eleven thousand, one hundred and ninety-four tons
ujjon the Delaware and Hudson Canal, according to the
testimony of Mr. Musgrave before the investigating
committee of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1857. In
1879 it sent to market one million three hundred seventy-
two thousand, seven hundred and thirty-nine tons. Divi-
dends have been as high as thirty per cent., and for seve-
ral years twenty per cent., in quarterly payments. Dur-
ing the panic of the past few years profits have of course
been much reduced, but its excellent coal, with skill and
economy in mining added to the foresight of its ofificials,
have kept its record good.
Mr. William R. Griffith, a gentleman of wealth visiting
Wyoming valley, became interested in its coal deposits,
and was chiefly instrumental in promoting the organization
of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, and in selecting its
coal lands. A jileasant little episode in this narrative may
be pardoned. Mr. Griffith in early life had among his
favorite companions a little lady, daughter of a gentleman
who had since become resident in Luzerne county and a
mine engineer. For some years Mr. Griffith resided
abroad, a childless aunt, whose heir he was, desiring to
finish his education in France, where she resided. On
his return his first thoughts turned toward the playmate
of his youth, who he discovered had become the wife of
a prominent merchant of Carbondale, a mother and a
widow. True to his early attachment, although apparently
forgotten, after waiting a decorous time he sought the
valley and made her the offer of his lieart, his hand and
his elegant equipage. They were married and lived most
happily, with the respect and esteem of all who knew
them. They have passed away. Few remember their
story. A brother of the lady still lives, an honored
citizen of Carbondale, and a sister resides near Trenton,
N. J. Her only son became a prosperous and re-
spected physician in the city of New York. The Penn-
sylvania Coal Company owes its existence in a measure to
this little romance.
THE DEL.WV.ARE, I,.\CK .4 W ANN' A AND WESTERN RAIL-
ROAD.
The above named company is one of the grandest
results of the many great conceptions of genius and en-
terprise exhibited in the course of development of this
northern field. By legislative enactment " the corporate
rights, powers and privileges of the Delaware and the
Cobb's Gap Railway Company " were merged in the
Lackaw; ina and Western Railroad Company, and the
corporate name changed to the "name, style and title of
the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Com-
pany." The Liggett's Gap Railroad Company, chartered
in 1832, was merged in the Lackawanna and Western in
i85i,and with other small charters and connections,
uniting like mountain rills w-ith larger streams, this great
work was enlarged until it h.T-s become a thoroughfare for
coal tonnage and for general transportation of freight and
passengers from New York city to the far west and
northwest.
It is not many years since the valley of Wyoming was
likened to that happy vale in the kingdom of Amhara,
surrounded on every side by mountains, in which " Ras-
selas, Prince of Abyssinia, was confined in a private pal-
ace, with the other sons and daughters of Abyssinian
royalty, till the order of succession should call him to the
throne." Colonel William L. Stone, in the preface to his
pleasant book " The Poetry and History of Wyoming,"
published in 1841, says: "The happy valley to wtiich
the illustrious author of Rasselas introduced his reader in
the opening of that charming fiction, was not much more
secluded from the world than is the valley of Wyoming.
Situated in the interior of the country, remote from the
great thoroughfares of travel, either for business or in the
idle chase of pleasure, and walled on every hand by
mountains lofty and wild, and over which long and rug-
ged roads must be traveled to reach it, Wyoming is
rarely visited, e.xcept from sterli necessity. And yet the
imagination of Johnson has not pictured so lovely a s]50t
in the vale of Amhara as Wyoming." Colonel Stone had
' a rough journey over the mountains in the stage-coaches,
comfortable as they were to the mountaineers, as those
who read the notes of his visit in 1S39 will remember.
But he had the full benefit of the glorious vision which
bursts upon the traveler who, after a tedious day's ride
from the Delaware, o\er Poconoand through the " Shades
of Death," reaches the summit of the mountains border-
ing the valley on the east.
Sweet vale of Wyoming ! whose (iertrude was once
embalmed in every heart of cultivated Europe by the
pen of Campbell, now deemed worthy of mention in
modern guide books. Has the romance departed from
*f
^
PIONEERS IN THE COAT, TRADE.
IT
83
it with the retiring red man? and even the dertrude of
Halleck, seen on the next field, with
" Love darting eyes and tresses like the morn.
Without a shoe or stocking, hoeing corn,"
been driven out by flying trains of cars crossing its
center on tracks leading north and south, east and
west, from Haltimore to Boston, from New York to
Niagara, and from Philadelpiiia to Saratoga and to
Portland ?
A mile east from the main road leading from Wilkes-
Barre to Carbondale — not far from Providence Corners,
then often called Razorville from the sharpness of its
tavern keeper or of the winds which, sweeping the
mountain gorges, occasionally blew his house and his
sign post over — in a i|uiet nook on Roaring brook lay
"Slocum Hollow," named from its proprietor, one of a
large, respectable and influential family of the valley,
who had there his farm and mill, and it may be a small
furnace. Mr. William Henry, a gentleman of e.xperience
in ores and metals, came through Cobb's Gap .rom the
iron lands of New Jersey on a prospecting tour, and
finding iron ores and coal convenient began the manu-
facture of pig iron, the power of the stream furnishing
blast for his furnace. George VV. Scranton with his
Yankee brothers had migrated from Connecticut and
settled at Oxford, New Jersey, when young, and there
engaged in the iron business. He visited Slocum Hol-
low and, like Mr. Henry, whose daughter he had married,
also became interested in these ore aiid coal beds; and
soon perceived with prophetic eye what capital, energy
and enterprise combined might produce from this wilder-
ness. Of commanding presence, strong will and per-
suasive manner, with but a common school education,
his i>crceptions of business and of character were quick
and clear. He went to New York and laid his plans
before the money kings, and soon had capital at his loco-
motive wheels captive in tlie beech woods. The dam on
Roaring brook was first too small and then too large.
Then the furnace became too large, and the steam engine
had power enough to jjrovide blast for several furnaces;
but as it is the coal trade and not (ron that is the subject
of this sketch, each reader will visit Scranton and note
the result for his own satisfaction.
At the Delaware Water Gap the railroad from Scran-
ton united with the Warren railroad, by which it reached
the Central Railroad of New Jersey at Junction, in 1856,
together forming the highway for Scranton coal to tide
at New York. The Central railroad, feeling too independ-
ent with its immense tonnage, by insisting on terms of
renewal of contract drove both the Delaware, Lackawanna
and Western and the Lehigh Valley railroads from it; the
one to the Morris and Essex road, which was continued
to Easton, crossing it at Washington, New Jersey, and the
Lehiah Valley constructing a new line from Phillipsburg
to Elizabeth along side of and in direct competition with
the Central, which was compelled to join fortunes with
the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company and the
Lehigh and Susquehanna road of the Navigation
Company to gain its coal tonnage. It was short-sighted
policy all round and led to disaster, but served ultimately
to greatly increase the coal trade.
In early days Cobb's (Jap on the east and Liggctt's
Gap on the west smiled at each other over Providen* e
and the Capoose meadows, a little north and cast of
Hyde Park and Slocum Hollow, both the prospective
courses of possible grade for su< h small locomotives as
were then constructed. Colonel Scranton loved to tell
of the look of incredulity which met his assertion that the
time would come when the coal trade by these routes
would reach hundreds of thousands of tons, and require
so many locomotives — not one-third the number employed
when he told it. Upon the completion of his line to
New York Col. Scranton attended a meeting in I'hiladel-
phia, for the first time to consult upon the prospects of
the trade for the coming season. The estimated increase
was about four hundred thousand tons. Mr. Scranton
suggested in behalf of his coinpany, just entering business,
that a fair share of the prospective increase, at least at
eastern points, should be conceded to it. Without vanity,
he was a proud man, and met the uncalled-for assump-
tion that with the heavy grades of his road through
Cobb's Gap he would not be likely to unsettle the trade
with surplus of coal with a quiet determination to let
them see what could be done; and their estimated in-
crease was far exceeded, with a derided reduction in
prices.
The northern division of the road, through Liggctt's
Gap, joined the Erie railroad at Great Bend in 1851, and
its tonnage north, west and northwest in 1878 was 676,-
207 tons; in 1879 1,506,110 tons. Total coal forwarded
north and south in 1878. 2,147,353 tons; in 1879,
3,792,368 tons.
Colonel Scranton represented this district in the thirty-
sixth Congress. Re-elected to the thirty-seventh Con-
gress, he died in Scranton, March 24th, 1861, aged fifty
years, mourned by hosts of friends who honored and
loved him.
Slocum Hollow became Scrantonia, then Scranton, a
city now of 40,000 inhabitants, active and enterprising,
the light of its forges and furnaces illuminating the night,
and the sounds of its hammers and rolling mills making
vocal the air with their music. Now the scat of justice
of the new county of Lackawanna, it remains a fitting
monument to the memory of its founder.
NA.MKS LONG FAMOUS IN THE TRAIJF..
.Among the oldest of the operators is Mr. Ario Pardee,
of Hazleton, who has been in the business more than
forty, perhaps fifty, years in th.it district; successful and
generous, as was shown by his magnificent contributions
to Lafayette College, at Easton. In the list of operators
will be found A. Pardee \- Co.. Pardee Sons & Co.,
C. Pardee & Co., Pardee Brothers & Co., running the
heaviest colleries in that part of the county. G. B.
Marklc & Co., Coxe Brothers \- Co., J. Leisenring \-
Co., Linderman, Skecr \- Co., are growing old in the
district.
On the Susquehanna Mr. Jameson Harvey and Mr.
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GROWTH AND LIMITS OF '1-IiK COAI. TRADE
85
• t-
they are quoted at $1.50 per ton at Maiich Cliunk, and
from $2.50 to $2.80 per ton at Port Johnson and at Hud-
son river markets for pea coal, and Mr. Saward, in his
journal of January 28th, 1880, page 39, says: "The de-
mand for chestnut, pea and buckwheat sizes, now ex-
tensively used for steam purposes, is good." Even culm
finds market now at cost of transportation.
A committee of stockholders of the Delaware and
Hudson Canal Company, appointed in May, 1877, to visit
and inspect the property of the company, reported on
this subject:
" Besides this use of culm (made into bricks), repcciteil mid loiidt Cdii-
tinucd experiments have devel(»ped methods l»y which it is sueeossfiill.v
used at the mines under the boilers of stationary engines. Only the
best and most saleable sizes of coal were formerly used for stt'ain pur-
poses. The jrreat consumi>tion of these coals induced the ctTort to sub-
stitute for these the nearl.v \'alueless pea coal. This. aft<'r much difVi-
culty, was successful. Uut suci-ess leci to an increased deman<l for pea
C(»al, and the ne.xt attempt was to substitute culm for pea eoal at the
mines. This also was finally successful, and the company now uses at
the mines annually sixty thousand tons of culm, which was formerly
worse than valueless. If the company were doinjr full work it would
consume for the production of steam about two hunched thou.sand tons
of culm annually. Thus the production of marketjible eoal is increased,
and culm, which was formerly wasted at larjre cost, n<iw possesses great
value."
Although the report gives the experience of one com-
pany, these facts apply equally to the business of all; and
from them, by the rule of proportion, the gain in capacity
for marketable production of all the anthracite regions
from this saving may easily be computed. Much greater
economy in mining coal has been introduced, and with
the not im|)robable introduction of stone or iron columns
to support the roof in place of the masses of coal now-
left for that purpose, rendered possible by tlie increased
])rice of the coal, the percentage of waste in the mines
may be reduced one-half and trade increased in propor-
tion. The terminal stake may be advanced to forty mil-
lions and still not e.xhaust the anthracite deposits more
rapidly than with twenty millions of tons under the waste-
ful method of mining and preparation for the past.
The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad
Companv has been constructing coal docks on Lake Erie
at Buffalo, to make that a distributing point for the west-
ern trade, which must materially increase the sales in
that direction.
The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company is
said to be negotiating for a connection with the Atlantic
and Cireat Western Railroad at or near Williamsport,
which will greatly facilitate and increase the western trade
from the Schuylkill region by the Catawissa road, already
imder its control.
The Pennsylvania Railroad, from the fine deposits of
. coal on both sides of the Susquehanna at Nanticoke, in
this region, has communication with western markets
both by its canals and by the Lackawanna and Hloonis-
burg road, its Northern Central and Philadelphia and
Erie up the west branch, and its main line on the Juniata
river. All are reaching for the limitless west, to which
the small sizes, always of the purest coal, can now- be
safely carried to a growing market.
The Delaware and Hudson C'anal Com|)any report that
in 1869 eighty-one and a half per cent, of their coal was
delivered at tide, and only eighteen and a half per cent,
at inland markets. By gradual annual increase this inland
trade in 1876 was forty-two per cent, of their production.
Mr. John J. Albright, general sales agent of the companv
for nearly twenty years, reported the sales in the west
by the " Western Coal Association " at " one million two
hundred thousand tons in 1875, and nearly as much more
probably went to western markets through other shippers.
The figures representing this growth are remarkable: In
1851, 6,000 tons ; in 1875, more than 2,200,000 tons.
Toronto, Canada, in 1874 took 58,390 tons; in 1876
increased to 97,694 tons. Cleveland, Ohio, in 1852 took
8,000 tons. In 1876 it increased to 100,000 tons. Buffalo
in 1852 required only 25,000 tons ; in 1875 increased to
750,206 tons, and in 1879 received 1,092,184 tons, of
which 550,606 tons were distributed in other markets-
Chicago consumed about 500,000 tons annuallv, i)Ut the
exact figures were not then attainable."
In 1879 the Chicago Tribune said :
" Coal .sold at the lowest prices ever known, anthracite si-lllnir $1 per
ton below the cheapest rate for ia7H. From the beirlnnUnf of the yeiir
down to May prices were steady at J'i and $rt..")0 for anthracite, am! at
S'l.'ill for Kric. Then there was a drop to $4.50 in the former, ami to
$4.75 in the latter. Those were the market quotations until August,
when there was an advance of }1 per ton. Uiter there wcri' further ad-
vances, and the year closed with antliracite scllinur at $il.5il and IT. Krle
at S7and WiliuiuKton at ?4. For the llrst, time in the history of the
trade all sizes of hard eoal have sold at a uniform price. Nut, which
was formerly rpioted from ^5 to 75 cents per Ion cheaper than the larifer
sizes, is now in so active demand— owing to the very ifcneral usi- of self-
feediner stoves— that our dealers arc barely able to xet adequate sup-
plies, and that particular size is now quoted at .">0 cents per ton above
other sizes."
The coal exchange in that city reported about three
hundred thousand tons of anthr.acite up to November 3d.
The trade probably reached a million of tons for the
year.
The increase in western trade was .no doubt in fair
proportion to the total tonnage, perhaps greater, through
the increased facilities for transportation in the box
freight cars, returning for the magnificent grain crops of
the year, and five millions of tons may have been
distributed there.
Whatever may be the limit of demand or production,
the larger portion of increase must be supplied from the
Wyoming coal field. Up to 1850 this region had not
reached an annual production of a million of tons,
including the Luzerne basins on the Lehign, in a total
of three million, three hundred and fifty-eight thousand,
ei^ht hundred and ninety-nine tons. In 1879 it had
increased to not less than fifteen millions in a tot.il of
twenty-six million tons.
That anthracite will be largely exported cannot be
doubted. In 1874 the exports were four hundred and
one thousand, nine hundred and twelve tons. Since the
international expositions in Philadelphia and in Pans,
American anthracite and stoves designed especially for
burning it have been introduced into France, Italy and
Switzerland ; and as the Reading Company is about
sending an agent abroad to extend the trade, it may yet
be established as a luxury in London, Vienna, St. Peters-
burg and in every city of refinement in Europe
With an annual production of one hundred and thirty
4
86
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
millions of tons, the exports from the mines of Great
Britain have reached eighteen millions of tons in a year.
There can be no reason why Pennsylvania anthracite
should not soon reach the same proportion and afford at
least four millions of tons for export, instead of the mea-
gre amount reported for 1879 of 421.594 tons. Of this
the British possessions took 367,544 tons ; Mexico, South
America and West Indies 38,885 tons ; Cl'.ina nearly
2,000 tons ; while France had 940, Austria 391, Germany
and England each one ton ; the remainder scattering.
The figures will change slowly perhaps towards European
markets, as the home consumption will command high
prices and freights will be costly on eastward bound ves-
sels ; unless the current of trade shall be reversed through
false economy and England again supply us with manu-
factured goods to an extent which would send her ships
home in ballast. The four hundred and seventy square
miles of Pennsylvania anthracite, with its certainly limit-
ed capacity for production already approximated, must
supply a territory many times greater than that of Great
Britain, and a population already nearly equal in num-
bers and greater in its purchasing power and ability to
enjoy. Whatever the limit of production, the demand
must soon be limited by the price it will bear as one of
the future luxuries of life.
VALUE OF ANTHRACITE.
The value of rich deposits of anthracite coal is not to
be calculated alone by cash estimates in dollars and
cents; but the comfort and cleanliness increased a hun-
dred fold in the home circle, the absence of smoke, the
cheering and enduring warmth of its fires through long
winter nights, and the indirect influence of this increased
comfort through all classes of modern society, must be
added to the sum total of gain.
At an early day, while the Baltimore mine was still
rudely worked at its outcroppings in the bluff on Coal
brook, near Wilkes-Barre, and the full size of the vein,
of nearly thirty feet, was exposed to the light, a party of
ladies of the Society of Friends visited the place accom-
panied by others of the neighborhood. The vast cavern
even at that day excavated, with its smooth floor of
coal and slate, inclining downward the north ; with
immense pillars of coal, sixteen or eighteen feet in
height, supporting the roof ; the light from without,
through various apertures, penetrating a distance
along the gentle dip of the vein reflecting many hues
from the bright faces of sparkling anthracite, furnished
a scene well calculated to impress an intelligent mind
with feelings of mingled awe and admiration. After a
careful examination of the locality, with many inquiries
and suggestions concerning the probable origin and dis-
covery of the wonderful deposit, a profound silence set-
tled upon them, inspired by the grandeur of the scene;
when a clear, sweet voice floated upon the air in utter-
ances of gratitude and of adoration of the Great Supreme
Power which had placed such storehouses of fuel amidst
the wildnerness of this cold northern clime, to be pre-
served for the benefit of His i)eople when the forests
should be swept away and their need would be sorest.
The voice of Rachel Price has long been silent, as she
sleeps among her kindred and friends near the shadow of
some modest meeting-house in Chester county, where the
precepts of peace, wisdom, and love inculcated in her
sermons still retain their influence with the descendants
of those who sat under her teachings. What a blessing
would be conferred if her short address at the Baltimore
mine could yet be heard and heeded by those who, in
pursuit of wealth, recklessly squander the precious
legacy. Precept has been lost in the example of a fierce
struggle for power and position until all interests have
been prostrated; and now perhaps only when selfishness,
from sheer necessity, is likely to be merged in justice
may prudent management be hoped for.
But there is a commercial and marketable value at-
tached to coal and to coal lands worthy to be viewed in a
business light by the few still in possession of original
titles. There are eight large transporting companies now
in Pennsylvania, pretty fairly dividing among them the
Anthracite coal lands, either by purchase or by leasing
'them of the owners. They are the Philadelphia and
Reading Railroad Company, the Lehigh Valley Railroad
Company, the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey,
the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Com-
pany, the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, the
Pennsylvania Coal Company, and the New York, Lake
Erie and Western Railroad Company; the railroad com-
panies operating under charters incorporating coal com
panics controlled by them. There are very few proper-
ties of any profitable size yet remaining not directly or
indirectly at the mercy of these large corporations.
The prices paid for coal lands in the northern or Wyo-
ming coal field when the trade was small were very low,
often less than one hundred dollars an acre for those in
choice positions but yet undeveloped. The farmer who
owned a large tract, from a few acres of which he suc-
ceeded in gathering a frugal subsistence with hard labor,
felt rich if he could sell four hundred acres for twenty or
thirty dollars an acre and buy a nmch better farm in the
growing west for half the money. Much of course de-
pended on the prospects of early development of the
coal and the opening of ways to market. Few of them
had much faith in the coal, which had never done any
good to the neighborhood; and they only valued the sur-
face as yielding fair returns for labor bestowed. With
few wants, the farmer out of debt was rich.
The Pennsylvania Coal Company purchased the greater
part of its best lands thirty years ago, at prices ranging
from $75 to $200 per acre, farms and all. When the last
farms were secured, probably $300 per acre was paid to
close and connect the surveys. Some years after, for
small tracts from which they could take the coal through
improvements already made, $r,ooo per acre was reported
as the price paid, which would be cheaper to the com-
pany taking the coal out at once than $200 paid thirty
years before, when the coal lay untouched by the miner's
pick or drill.
To judge by the financial statements of the best com-
*^-«=
THK VAI IF. or COM. LANDS.
pjnies (except llic iinuk-iiily managcci Pennsylvania Coal
Company , it might be judged that coal lands had cost
them many thousands of dollars an acre. But the blend-
ing vast lines of transportation with lands to be developed
makes it difficult to judge accurately. The experience
of the one company excepted would indicate that the
land was the only profitable part of the investment.
Hut again, what would the land be now worth without
markets for the coal and means of transi)ortation? Not
more than it sold for twenty five years ago. The Read-
ing Company and tiie Delaware and Hudson Canal
Company are the objects of most bitter attack for bad
management and blundering into unnecessary expendi-
tures and indebtedness. The Reading road has reached
out its arms with seeming recklessness after new
markets. Take tlie explanation made by .Mr. President
Crowen, in his recent annual re|)ort to tiie meeting of
stockholders, January 12th, 18S0: " The company is now
prepared to transport direct, by its own cars and engines,
to the harbor of New York the large amount of coal ton-
nage which heretofore, at a cash cost of fully eighty-five
cents per ton, had to be transported over lines of other
companies. As the actual cost of moving this coal from
Philadelphia to New York over the new line cannot ex-
ceed forty cents per ton, the difference of forty-five cents
l)er ton on a yearly tonnage of about a million tons,
amounting to $450,000 per annum, will represent the
saving of the company." Mr. Gowen estimates a business
of 9,000,000 tons over his roads in 1880, and that the
average price will be §1.50 ])er ton higher at tide water
than in 1879.
The Delaware and Hudson Canal reported a deficiency
on its leased lines, but its northern roads lead to new and
growing markets. With the advance in prices of coal
and the ra])id increase in tonnage this deficiency must
speedily disappear, and the leased lines will not only pay
their own expenses; but every additional ton of anthracite
carried north will add to the profits of the mines and to
the trade of each branch employed in the transpor-
tation.
Increased trade and advanced prices must soon estab-
lish the value of coal lands. Hear Mr. Maxwell on this
subject:
'* If (I popiilatidii of twenty-one millions vitliie 5.309,000 iieres of eonl
Ittnil at SS.IHKI per iiere, what shoiilil a population of ll.A.Vi,l1)0. luivin^
the same wants in proportion to niiintter, \ alue only 3"9.(W0 aeresttf eonl
land at per acre? Who will solve this prol>leiii satisfaetorily to himself?
The facts bear out it,s terms with all the foreeof inathenialieal truth. It
IS to l>e oliserveil that in statini; this prolileni thi- lowest priif of the
English eonl lands is ailoptcil as one of its terms. This leaves a wide
marKin afrainst the ha/jird of error. ICnicland. too, is inneh nearer her
ina.ximtini of population, niarmfactnres and eoal consumption than we
are, while our coal market, in area four liini-s as larce as hers, lint with
half her population now, is rapidly Bllintr up with <>omin({ millions."
Mr. Maxwell estimates 1,613 tons per acre to every foot
thickness. Practical men estimate 1,000 tons to the foot,
clear merchantable coal, allowing liberally for pillars and
waste.
The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company say: " In
(ireat Britain coal lands are worth from $5,000 to $7,000
per acre. In the light of these facts, why should not the
consumption of anthracite continue to increase, why
should it not be mined at n profit, and why should not
the value per acre of the sninll area of anthracite coal
lands in the United States np))ri)xin).ite that of the vast-
ly larger area of coal lands in (Irc.it Britain?" Heriincni
ipiestions, which are in course of solution as rapidly as
the reluming good sense of the large companies will prr
mil. The pioneers in the trade who yet live may hope
to see it answered in the affirmative, and they deserve it.
i)( the pioneers in the early development nearly all
have passed away. Of these Hon. Hendrick B. Wright,
in his Historical Sketi lies of Plymouih, a work of great
local interest written in the author's best vein, makes
honorable mention, so far as connected with old Shawnee
trade:
" Krui'iiian Thomas vaaw to IMyinoiilh from Nortbainplon txiunty
uliMut the year liill. ami piireh isi>d thu Avon<l ili- properly, to which he
irave the name more than llfly yeiri ii'fi. Mr. Thmn n w.i< In ndiam ■■
of iiKxt of his neiithbirs in his k 1 iwledK.- of Ih • e 1 il in"«»iire*. .\1 nii
early ilay he eommeneeil driving th" ' (iran I T rinel ' Into the nioiiii
lain siile. Hltli the purpose of Htrlklnv the eiMl. This wax prolmldy ii-
early as l>CH. and was the llrsi eip.-riin Mil In tiinnulinv In Ihi- Wyoming
valley ihrouxh rock. After three or four yeir* of per4e\ iTliifr labor,
and with his i-redli almost sunk, he struck Ihe liiK n- 1 ash \eln. Fns--
maii Thomas li\ed to a t^ooil ohi uife. MedkMl «t hi* home In Northum-
lierland county In his eiifhty-fltthlh year. Not Ioiik aftitr the ponMrue.
tion of the linind Tunnel .laine^on llaney dliM*iivensl eoal upon hi*
premises near by. and the«e Iw-o eo il prop 'rlle<. belnx mo«i ellirllil>
sitiiattsl. w-ere more extenshely worked than any oihi-r mine In tin-
township. William 1.. Uince b<.-caine lessee of the (imnd Tunnel proper-
ty In 1851."
Col. Wright says that the red ash vein worked by the
Smiths and Freeman Thomas, in Plymouth, averages
twenty-six feet of pure coal, being better and thicker
than the seam on the east side of the river where it crops
out near the summit of the Wilkes- Barre mountain not
more than eight feet in thickness. It is assumed by some
that the lower vein, known as the red ash, thins out as it
goes east and disappears on the Lackawanna about Scran-
ton; which is not at all probable, as the Delaware and
Hudson Canal Company has been in operation at Car-
bondale for fifty years, chiefly on the lower veins of the
measure, which are not vet exhausted. It is asserted that
a nine-foot vein has been tested at Dunmore, east of
Scranton, below any of the veins now worked there. 'I'he
measures on the Lackawanna are not so deep as in the
parts of the basin along the .Sus(|uehanna, and the large
companies established above Pittslon have all secured
ample stores of anthracite in Kingston, Plymouth, Ncw-
|)ort, Hanover, Wilkes- Barre and Plains townships for
centuries to come, and have facilities for transportation
from them both present and future. I'he Pennsylvania
Railroad Company, on the rich properties of thr late
Colonel Washington Lee on the east and of Mr. Harvey
on the west side of the river, has already been mentioned,
with its lines of communication. The Lehigh and Wilkes-
Barre Coal Company, growing from the Consolidated
Coal Company through the Wilkes- Barre Coal and Iron
Company is, under the management of Mr. Charles I'ar
rish, a pioneer in the trade of Wilkes- Barre, Hanover and
Newjiort, fast taking a leading position, judge Francis
Lathrop, in whose hands the coal company and the Cen-
tral Railroad of New Jersey are, as receiver, says that they
are improving in financial condition. The principal coal
tonnage of the Central is from this coal company. Th
«=**r»-
i^'
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
Erie Railway operates chiefly in Pittston, having trnns-
portation by the Pennsylvania Coal Company's road to
Hawley, and by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com-
pany's road to Great Bend, at which point it joins its
main line. The time must come when it will possess
coal lands on the Susquehanna and a road of its own to
carry coal out of the valley. The tonnage will be of
great importance to it. The box cars of this road are
seen in almost every train leaving the valley.
Fortunes have been sunk and millioris lost in the early
efforts to develop the mines and introduce anthracite
coal to the various uses to which it is now indispensable.
Few of the pioneers lived to enjoy the fruits of their
labors and enterprise. Few of the living even now com-
prehend the value of anthracite; either the cost value,
the " exchange value," or the far greater value as one of
tlie necessaries of life, without regard to ratio or exchange
or price in open market. In the scramble for control of
markets it has come to be regarded as a mere item of
tonnage, by which to estimate income to rival lines of
transportation. The next generation will be able to
estimate it from a point of view gained through bitter
experience, and will understand its full pecuniary value.
The loss of one hundred lives in 1S7S, and the almost
countless accidents resulting in loss of limbs and health,
will add fearfully to the cost, whicb cannot be estimated.
If the estimate which places tlie limit of production
below thirty-five millions of tons per annum shall prove
correct, then will the money value soon be ascertained in
the market price. New collieries are adding to produc-
tive capacity in each year, to be offset by numbers which
are exhausted and abandoned. In the report from the
Lehigh region for 1878 the number of collieries abandoned
uj) to the time of report had reached sixty-three, some
having been over sixty years in operation.
BRE.AKERS .\HK.\D.
As a class coal miners are not provident. Like almost
any other class in society it is mixed, but it may
safely be asserted that as much good common sense is to
be found among the men employed in this coal region as
among any class of laborers, or even professional men.
True, in limes of excitement they are apt to be carried
away by imprudent counsels and do themselves and the
trade untold injury in useless efforts to right fancied
wrongs, while the men they combat suffer from the same
evils as severely. 'I'he miner' has this excuse, if not
justification: he has no influence in adjusting prices.
Those who direct the trade, and who from position should
understand the question of supply and demand as affect-
ing markets, are as apt to be carried off their feet by
waves of competition and wreck prices by careless pilot-
age of cargoes; and miner and laborer must bear the loss
in reduction of wages. Reflection might teach every
laborer that the interest of the operator to secure good
Ijrices is as strong as is his to have high wages, and that
necessity not appearing upon the surface forces a decline.
Unfortunately too many oiierators have not deemed it a
duty to make explanations to those they employ, and
without reflecting that tw() wrongs never make a right the
men resort to the remedy they think most direct and
strike.
The strike, a mere cessation from labor, might not in
all cases be objectionable in itself, if not followed by in-
terference with the rights of others who do not desire to
leave work or who cannot afford to lie idle, which is
clearly illegal. One very favorable sign of the present
time is' the increasing willingness of employers to yield
gracefully and promptly to the unquestionable cijuities of
labor on a rising market, as it was made full partner in
misfortune. A notable instance of the beneficial results of
such a system in past years was that of the collieries of
Messrs Sharpe, Leisenring iS: Company, at Eckley, on
the Lehigh. When coal prices advanced the men had
their full proportion in increased wages, and when prices
receded they submitted to the reduction without com-
plaint; and for years there was little trouble among them,
until the great strike of December, 1874, which it was a
point of pride should be made general among the men in
all the coal fields, and they yielded to that disastrous
suspension of more than six months, from which there
has bjcn no recovery.
The exercise of all the good sense of parties concerned
will be needed to secure the trade from loss in the future.
Disaster may come from too sudden prosperity, as to the
apparently convalescent patient from an excess of vitality.
Prices must be regulated, or the goose that lays the golden
egg may be killed.
Railroad construction in 1879 was more active than in
any year since 1872, and fifty per cent, greater than in
1878. Iron is needed in every degree of manufacture in
the construction and equipment of new roads, and this
iron in every stage from the ore must be wrought by the
aid of coal. To force prices too high may check the
upward movement all along the line and reflect disastrously
on the coal trade. Among the select sentences in a
school-book of several generations past, teaching short
lessons of wisdom, was one worthy to be inscribed on
tablets of brass at every colliery and workshop in the
country : " Time once past never returns ; the moment w/iic/i
is lost is lost forever." Hundreds of industrious miners
and laborers, who had accumulated homes and savings
deposited during prosperous days, and saw them dwindle
and vanish under enforced idleness in 1875 and other
long suspensions, now realize the truth and force of that
maxim. They cannot desire a renewal of that sad expe-
rience ; but another generation is coming upon the stage
of life to direct affairs, with fresh confidence if not with
increased wisdom, full of hope that they may be able to
direct the storm while riding upon the whirlwind raised
against capital — the natural ally rather than the antagon-
ist of labor. Let the whirlwind be avoided by ])rudent
counsels and the exercise of a spirit of conciliation on
both sides.
There is a ipiaintly expressed maxim of the courts to
the effect that one who seeks equity must do equity,
worthy to be posted with the short sentence before
quoted, and to be borne in mind by those who seek by
■h|.
INJURIES FROM MINKS FALl.lNc; IN.
89
^H
violent measures to enforce their claims regardless of
the rights of fellow workmen, of employers or of the
larger number composing the consuming public, who
suffer unjustly. Sympathy will not be wasted upon
labor which allows itself to be crushed in a vain and
wicked attempt to block the wheels of progress promising
l)rosperity to all who are industrious and frugal. Wages
may be adjusted with the accuracy of machinery, which
without attendants in the workshoj) moves to its limit
and reverses its motion, if a few men of experience will
meet for that object with an honest purpose of agree-
ment.
Pages could not record the changes of the jinst few
years, nor can lium.in wisdom foresee those of the coming
years. (,)uestions are arising in the courts of vast im-
portance to land owners and coal operators. One is
th.u of
i>am.\(;k to sfRi'AiK I'RDPKR rv.
M one time the large comp.iiiics had surveyed num-
bers of lots to sell to their employes, but the policy
seems to have changed. In many places near Wilkes-
Harre, in I'ittston, Hyde Park and in Kingston large
areas of land undermined have subsided by the caving in
of mines, in some instances causing damage to improve-
ments made l)y purchasers of surface lots. The large
brick school-house near Pittston, at the corner of the
road to Vatesville, was abandoned because the walls
cracked so as to be dangerous to [nipils, the su|)ports of
the mines below having failed.
In Hyde Park, by the caving of the O.xford mines,
some brick storehouses were injured. The question
before the court is to decide who is responsible for the
damage.
In most cases the surface has been purchased with
knowledge of the danger incurred, and a title accepted
with full release of claims for damage. Still it does not
always seem just that a man's home should be wrecked
by being undermined, without some recourse in damages,
and in several cases recently tried in Schuylkill county
damages have been awarded. In one case at West Shen-
andoah several lots over the Kohinoor Colliery, in Feb-
ruary, 1879, to use the words of a reporter for the
Pottsvilk Journal, were visited by a young eartlxpiake,
and a cave-in which followed the shake carried a portion
of several lots down into the colliery, cracking the walls
and foundations of the dwelling houses, putting the doors
and windows out of place and leaving a yawning chasm
about seventy feet deep and eighty or ninety feet in
diameter in the middle of the lots. To one was awarded
S800, another $1,350, a third $1,200. What the final
judgment will be on appeal remains to be heard, and
whether the release of all claims for damage at the time
of purchase, if any such were made, avails owner or
operator. .An important question of public jjolicy yet
underlies the question of claims for damage. If no man
who needs a place for his home has power to release the
land owner or the coal operator from such claim, then no
land owner or operator will hereafter dispose of building
12
lul^, .iml the largely increasing popul.itujfi uf the coal
regions must hunt lairs like beasts of the field. Is it
good policy to invite such a state of society?
Coal companies do not, as a rule, erect buihiings for
the miners and laborers calculated to m.ike homes to be
proud of. .\ neat house, however humble, with a rose
bush and fruit trees about it, are useful aids in educating
the young to cleanly and careful habits and regard for the
comforts of neighbors. The man who owns his house
and garden is a better citixen in all respects than one who
is tenant of a shanty at six or eight dollars per month.
The coal is a necessary of life which must be mined,
and there should be some mode devised to mine it with-
out damage to the surface. If this is impossible should
an operator be mulcted in damages for casualities which
human foresight could not prevent, any more than for
that of a lightning stroke or midnight conflagration ?
Mr. William S. Jones, inspector of coal mines for the
eastern district of Lu/.erene and Carbon counties, says
over date of M.irch 8th, 1879, at Scranton, Pa.
" Another \cry cxlotisivt? c«vo ofL-iirrtMl ii( the Dltiiiiiiiiil iniii.".. aii'l
still iinolhfT lit the iti'lleviK' iiiln(.'S IhmIi iM'lonvliiif (o tht* lK'liiH-iir< «
f..arkawaTina ami Wi'sUtii Hallroad <'otnpany. In iiirh <ir tlii'M* 4^L<u.fi
tlioy wiTc workinj; IhrcL- \«_'ins, unv ti\'cr Ihi- i»lhi-r. ati.l tin- nivt..* wi-n*
catisf*! liy llu* same system of working as at tlir Mt. rh..asant inint-s. In
no caso. Sf> far as [ know, is there* any attempt niaOe to work the plllant
in one vein oxa(rlly over the pillars in the vein tH'low, 4ir rirr frnHi.aiifl
so loni? as this is not (Ii>iie there is no hope of prcventiiiff these eavt.!*. I
admit that it requires Kood inininfj: entfineerin^ to 4I0 this. Imt that will
not alter tlie facts of llie ejise. 1 helieie it can Ik- ilone. an<l 1 N'lleve 11
woulil [lay tlie operators to try the e.x|icriinent."
Against careless or unskillful mining of course the
courts should ])rotect every man, whatever the terms of
his release. It is the very object of creating courts of
law and equity not to protect man from his own acts, or
from the operation of natural laws, but against the evil
nature and carelessness of his fellows.
But what can be done to save all the coal ielt in pillars
to support the upper crust of the mines? C'an coal be
made to pay the expense of iron or stone supports in
place of coal now wasted for the purpose? In very deep
mines, with veins of six or eight feet thickness, the break-
ing up of rocks would fill the space excavated before
affecting the surface. By the long-wall system of mining
the surface may be let down by taking out all support
but not with entire safety.
Is it impossible lor men to obtain homes without such
risk to themselves as to those who mine the coal from
veins below? This is becoming one of the most import-
ant (juestions of the near future.
W.ASTK OK ANTHRACITK DEPOSITS.
.\nother tpiestion intimately connected with that of
proper support for the mines is the waste of this store of
fuel in the mine and in its preparation for market. The
Journal of Industry \'s quoted on this subiiM t, from an
article extremely apropos and timely;
" Tlie wanton (li~<trnetiiin of any kind of pni|>erly is nitanliHl us n
crime, anil the nevlcelfnl waste of the irifls of naliinv liosiowisl for the
c<iminK ifood of mankind, no nuilter h<iw irreiil their prt-w-nt alaindanr<..
onirht is|uully to l>e helil as an olTen.M'aKainst IhiTlithl.sof humanity,
and Jnstly eensnnil)le.
" .Vmerieans are proverMally wasteful, not alor.e in smiiil malters
hut ill irreiit oii.< This is exeiiiplihisl in a sirikinu manner in the on-
^
thraeitf coal regions of Pennsyhariia, wlierc it is estimated not less than
SIOO.OOOJXX) worth of fuel has been wasted in sretting- out and preparing
the coal for market, the present average annual loss being set down at
SIS.OOO.IHK). This enormous waste is ascribed by men of experience to
the use of imperfectly desiirned machinery' for breakinff the ciial. This
matter demands serious attention: f(U- \ast as our natural resources,
such <'.\tra\'aK-ancc- will not only tend to exhaust them sooner than they
should be. but also to increase present cost to consunici-s. Land owners
and miners arc in this matter C(iually remiss in duty to their successors
and the people of the countr.\', who have a ri^ht to demand that an
article of such i)rimc necessity shall lie economically worked in order to
yield the best results to the various industries and comforts deiiendcnt
upon thiskind of fuel.
" The great ea\ise of this waste in anthracite coal is said by competent
engineers to lie what are known as coal crushers, toothed c.\linders
geared to run towards each other, which of ncces.sity literally crush a
great part of the coal into fragments and dust too Hue for use, unless it
(«n by artificial means be again made into blocks of suitable size. The
percentage of waste ise-ttimated at one-fourth of Tthe entire product,
the greater part of which could be saved to the operators by the use of
proper machinery. But the operators it would appear are a very con-
servative set of gentlemen, and opposed to innovations calculated to do
away witii time-honored methods. It is within the personal knowledge
of the writer that a mechanical engineer of wide experience, and
thoroughly' posted in the tnining and marketing of anthracite coal, in-
\ented and set up at one of the great coal centers machinery for the
more economical iirejiaration of the fuel. He invited the operators and
engineers to come and witness his experiments, but few of them availed
themselves of the opportunit.v : and although, as he claims, he Cfln
demonstrate beyond peradventure that he can save from fifty to eighty
per cent, of the coal now lost, he has as yet been unable to secure the
adoption of his improved methods and machinery. This gentleman is a
conspicuous example of a prophet being without honor in his own
countr.v.
" The operators of leased lands have labored under a mistaken idea
that waste cannot be committed by the destruction of corporal heredita-
ments inider as well as upon the surface, or in the unskillful i>repara-
tion of coal taken from the mines. In all leases there is an implied cov-
enant, even when not plainly expressed, to mine in a proper and skill-
ful manner, and with as little damage as possible to remaining property,
or waste in that which is taken out ; just as a lessee of a farm is under
an implied agreement to farm in a workmanlike manner, and not to e.v-
haust the soil b.v neglectful or improper tillage. Why, then, should a
coal company be permitted to waste such a valuable fuel b.v improper
crushing to the extent of one-ijuarter of the entire product, when a
tenant may not cut down an apple tree without committing waste and
being responsible in damages to the owner of the property'/
"Not only the land owner, but every citizen, now and in succeeding
generations, is and will be interested in staying such waste."
Messrs. Sheafer, engineers of mines, Pottsville, Pa.,
estimate the waste in mining and preparing antiiracite
coal at two-tliirds the estimated quantity of the deposits
in eacli coal field.
CHAPTER XI.
KIVF.R NAVKJATIIIN — THE CONSTRUCTION OFC.\NAI.S.
^^I^^TEWART PEARCE, in his excellent "Annals
i"!^^^^^ of Luzerne," gives a history of the navigation
jy^v ^^^ of tlie Susquehanna, from which much of the
[k^^2^^ following is condensed.
Vii^ This river was of course the natural thor-
vS^i-Ji oughfare over which the Indians had passed in
^^^ their journeyings to and from their hunting
grounds, or on their hostile expeditions. Many timers
have the fleets of the warlike Iroquois glided silently over
it, bearing the dusky warriors on their excursions against
distant southern tribes, or on their return from these ex-
peditions bearing their trophies of victory.
As stated elsewliere the earliest settlers in this re"ion
came from Connecticut, crossed the Hudson river near
Newburg and the Delaware near the mouth of Shohohi
creek, and thence came by Indian trails across the countr)
to the Wyoming valley. The waters of the river were ;ii
once utilized by them for local transportation or passage,
and for communication with the settlements below; but
in order to render the river a safe avenue of transporta-
tion it was necessary that the drift timber should be
removed and the bars of gravel be cleared away. In
1771 the provincial Legislature declared the riverapublii
highway, and appointed commissioners to su])erintend
the work of improving tlie channel. This was done, and
towing paths were constructed where there were rapids.
The expense of these improvements was defrayed by con-
tributions from the settlers and an appropriation for that
purpose by the Legislature.
What was called a Durham I oat was first used — so
called because it was built at Durham on the Delaware
river. Boats of this style had a length of about sixty feet,
a breadth of eight, and a depth of two ; and with fifteen
tons of lading they drew about twenty inches of water.
They had decks at each end and running boards for
"poling" at the sides. Masts with sails were erected
on them when a favorable wind blew, and a steersman
and two polers on each side constituted the crew. The
boats built on the Susquehanna were similar, but larger,
and carried larger crews.
Increasing trade soon demanded better facilities for
transportation, and an attempt was made to use a " team
boat," which w;is propelled by poles that were worked by
horse power, but after a trial the plan was abandoned.
In 1826 the plan of navigating the Susquehanna b\'
steam was tried. The " Codorus," a small stern-wheel
steamboat which had been built at York, ascended the
river as far as Binghamton, and returned. The com-
mander of this boat did not consider the project of steam
navigation on the Suscpiehanna feasible. A larger boat,
the " Susquehanna," built at Baltimore for the purpose,
ascended the river on a trial trip in the spring of the same
year, having on board commissioners to superintend the
experiment. In the attempt to ascend the rapids at Nes-
copeck her boiler exjiloded, killing and injuring many of
the passengers and crew and destroying the boat.
Another experiment was made on the west branch,
but its success was not encouraging, and for a time all
attempts at steam navigation on the river were abandoned
Delay in the completion of the North Branch Canal,
and the strong desire to introduce anthracite coal into
regions uj) the river, induced other attempts afterward, h\
the citizens of Wilkcs-Barre and Owego in 1835, those of
Tunkhannock in 1849, and those of Bainbridge in 185 1.
Though in each of these attempts a partial success was
achieved all ])roved to be failures at last. Small steam-
boats for carrying passengers make voyages now over
portions of this river.
In early times it was thought practicable to build sea-
going vessels on the banks of this river, and in times of
high water float them to the sea. AccordingI)-, in 1803,
Messrs. Arndt & Phillip built a sloop of twelve tons bur-
THE NAVICATION OF THE SUSQUEHANNA.
9'
den on the common in Wilkes-Barre, and launched it on
ilie river, down whicli it lloated in safety to tide water.
The success of this experiment aroused sanguine hopes
ihat i new brancli of industry was soon to be developed
along the Sus(|uehanna. A stock company was formed
at Wilkes-Barre, and in i<Sii a ship of helwcLii fifty and
sixty tons burden was commenced, and launched in
.April, 1812. As it passed down the river it was wrec:ked
iin the rocks at Conawaga Falls, near Middlctown, and
thus perished the anticipations of those who had dreamed
of populous ship-building cities along this river.
The Susquehanna river has since about 1795 been util-
i/ced for floating rafts of lumber and timber to various
markets. These rafts were floated down during the high
water of spring or autumn. When the country was first
settled there was very little market for lumber, and much
valuable timber was piled together and burned in the
process of clearing the land. As time went on a demand
arose for this timber, or the lumber into which it was
converted, and mills began to spring into existence for
the manufacture of this lumber. These mills multiplied
as the demand increased and rafts came to be more
frequently seen.
The forests on the river and its tributaries above the
Wyoming valley were filled with valuable timber, and
iluring many yea's this limber and the lumber into which
it was converted were almost the only sources of wealth
to the settlers. 'I'he river furnished the outlet for this
lumber, nnti when the business of rafting was at its height
as many as one hundred rafts in a day might be seen to
pass in Tunkhannock creek alone, and of course many
more in the river at that point.
This lumber consisted of boards, shingles, staves, hewn
timber, spars, etc., and its market was found at Harris-
burg, Middlctown, Columbia, Port Deposit and other
places. The pine was of excellent quality, and the
lumber into which it was converted would now be con-
sidered valuable far beyond what it was then.
The Lackawanna river, too, was utilized for rafting
himber from about 1808 till the country was exhausted
of the pine timber with which it originally abounded. At
first rafts were run in squares, with one man on each
s(|uare to conduct it with a setting pole. These scjuares
were of boards twelve or sixteen feet in length, laid
crosswise, with usually eight or ten courses. (Jn arriving
:it the Susquehanna these squares were doubled or
placed one on the other, w^hich could be done in the
deeper water of that river. Some years later the practice
came to prevail of fastening five of these squares or
platforms together and steering them with large oars at
each end, and on reaching the Sus(iuehanna these were
doubled as before and also made ten squares in length.
The rafts were pre])ared, and when the freshets in the
^pring and fall occurred, taken down the river to market.
In what was known as the "June fresh" — when it
occurred i^which was not every year — rafts were also
taken down. Very little rafting has been done on the
I-ackawanna since 1840.
It is known that in 1796 thirty rafts went down the
river. The number continued to increase till during
twenty-six days in the spring of 1849 i,»43 rafts, con-
taining 100,000,000 feet of lumber, passed Wilkes-Barre.
The produce raised here after the forest was partially
cleared away consisted of wheat, rye, oats, corn and llax,
and the nearest cash market for any of these was Easton,
to which the wheat was drawn on sleighs in winter, over
the Wilkes-Barre and Easton Turnpike from Wilkes-Barre;
and the rye and corn were used for feed or converted into
whiskey.
No arks had passed down the river previous to 1800,
but subsecpient to that wheat was sent tlown the stream
in bulk in those rude vessels, and found a market gener-
ally at lialtimore, to which place it was taken in sloops
and schooners from Port Deposit. It is recorded that in
1814 eighty-four arks went by Wilkes-Barre, and in the
freshet of 1849 as many as two hundred and sixty-eight.
Since that time timber has become more and more scarce,
and other avenues of transportation have been opened;
and now but few rafts are seen passing down this river,
and no arks or boats used for trans(iortation.
Action with regard to the construction of canals along
the Susquehanna and other rivers in the State was taken
ill 1824, and in 1826 the Legislature enacted a general
internal improvement law, under which them.inv miles of
canals in the State were constructed.
.\t that time the existence of vast mineral wealth in
this region had become known, and the people of this
coimty felt deeply interested in the projected improve-
ment in transportation, which when accomplished would
develop that wealth; and they took measures to secure for
this county a portion of the benefits of the system of im-
provements which the State inaugurated. They were
successful; and in 182S the North Branch Canal was
commenced. It was completed as far as Nanticoke in
1830, in which year the first boat in Luzerne county,
the "Wyoming," was built at Shickshinny. In 1831 the
second boat, named the " Luzerne," was built on the
bank of the river opposite Wilkes-Barre, and during the
summer of that year it made a trip to Philadelphia and
back to the Nanticoke dam; and in 1834, after the com-
pletion of the canal to the Lackawanna, this boat made the
first round tri|) between Wilkes-Barre and Philadelphia.
Beyond the Lackawanna, toward the north line of the
State, slow progress was made in the construction of this
canal, and the work was suspended in 1832. In 1842
and 1843 the State made liberal offers to the North
Branch Canal Com|)any, which was incorporated in the
former year; but capitalists did not see fit to invest their
money in this enterprise, and in 1848 it became evident
that nothing would be done by the company which had
been chartered, and successful efforts were made to
jirocure an api)ropriation for the prosecution of the work,
and during that year the work was put under contract.
It was by reason of the indefatigable efforts of Hon. R.
R. Little, of Wyoming county, that this appropriation
was made. Connection with the canals of New York was
effected in 1856 by the Junction Canal Company, which
constructed the last sixteen miles >>( ihi- work.
92
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
In 1858 the State canals were sold to the Siinbury and
Erie Railroad Company, and this company at once sold
the north branch division, from Northumberland to
Northampton street, in \Vilkes-Barre, to the Nortii
Branch Canal Company.
CHAPTER XH.
THK CONSTRUCTION OF R.AII, ROADS IN LUZERNE COUNTY.
HE Lehigh Navigation & Coal Company be-
gan in 1839, and completed in 1841, the
original Lehigh & Susquehanna Railroad,
from the public common at the foot of South
street, Wilkes- Barre, to White Haven, then the
head of slack water navigation of that company.
It was designed as a portage over which to
transport boats between White Haven and Wilkes-Barre,
and thus form a link in the connection between Buffalo
and Philadelphia through the North Branch Canal and
the canals in New York on one side, and the Lehigh and
Delaware rivers on the other. This portage over the
mountain was accomplished by three inclined planes,
having their foot at Ashley. The aggregate ascent which
these planes make is about 1,150 feet. From White Haven
the road was afterward built down the Lehigh to Mauch
Chunk, and thence to Easton.
At first horse cars ran between Wilkes-Barre and the
planes. These planes have been much improved, and
more coal is taken over them than over any similar planes
in the world. The ascent of the mountain is now over-
come by a circuit to the northeast, and over this passen-
gers and ordinary freight trains are taken, and empty
cars are brought back by gravity. This circuit was built
about the year 1866. The same year the Lehigh and
Susquehanna was extended to Green Ridge, above Scran-
ton, where it connects with the Delaware & Hudson
Canal Company's road.
The Nanticoke and ^V'anamie branch of the Lehigh
and Susquehanna Railroad connected with this road at
the foot of the planes and extended northeastward a
mile above Wilkes-Barre, to the Baltimore coal mines,
and southwestward to Nanticoke village. It was built in
1 86 1, by the Nanticoke Railway Company, which was
composed of owners of coal lands along the route of the
road. In 1866 or 1867 the Lehigh and Susquehanna
Company, which had purchased this road, built a branch
from near Nanticoke to Wanamie, and an extension from
the Baltimore mines to Green Ridge. Subsequently a
connection was made between this extension and the
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's road. Another
branch, now owned by the Delaware and Hudson Canal
Company, connects the Lehigh and Susquehanna at
South Wilkes-Barre with the Bloomsburg branch of the
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad bv a
bridge in the township of Plymouth, and thereby with
the collieries on the west side of the river-
Another connection between the Lehigh and Susque-
hanna and the Bloomsburg branch is by a short track
over the bridge across the Sus(]uehanna at Nanticoke.
This branch and bridge are owned by the Suscjuehanna
Coal Company. These extensions and bridges were built
under the superintendence of the engineer Dr. Ingham.
The Nescopeck branch was built by the Lehigh and
Susipiehanna company in 1867, between White Haven
and Ujiper Lehigh. In 1871 this road was leased in
perpetuity by the Central Railroad Company of New
Jersey, and it is now operated by that company.
L.'\CKAW.'\NN.4 AND Bl,OO.MSBURG RAILROAD.
It became evident to the owners of real estate on the
west side of the Susquehanna river in the Wyoming val-
ley that an outlet was necessary for the coal which was
known to abound there. The, canal on that side of the
river came no farther up than Nanticoke, and the pro-
jected railroads on the opposite side would not be avail-
able for the transportation of coal mined here. Under
these circumstances capitalists and owners of coal lands
on the west side of the river conceived and put in execu-
tion the project of constructing a railroad which would
afford the desired outlet for this coal, and thus greatly
enhance the value of their lands.
On the 5th of April, 1852, by an act of Assembly a
charter was granted for a road between Scranton, Luzerne
county, and Bloomsburg, Columbia county, fifty-six
miles, with authority to extend the same to Danville,
twelve miles. By a supplementary act passed March 3d,
1853, a further extension of twelve miles to Northumber-
land or Sunbury was authorized, making a total length
of eighty miles. The authorized capital of the road and
its extensions was $1,400,000, and the road was subse-
quently bonded for $2,200,000 more.
The company was organized at Kingston, Ayml 16th,
1853, and William Sweetland was chosen president,
Thomas F. Atherton secretary, and Charles D. Shoe-
maker treasurer. In 1855 WilHam C. Reynolds became
president, William Sweetland vice-president, Payne Pette-
bone treasurer, and H. Woodhouse secretary. The frst
directors were Selden T. Scranton, Samuel Ijenedici,
Stephen B. Jenkins, Amos Y. Smith, Thomas F. Atherton.
William Sweetland, Samuel Hoyt, George Peck, (jeorge
W. Woodward, Henderson Gaylord, Mordecai \\'. Jack-
son and John R. Grotz. Some changes were subse-
quently made in the board of directors by the retirement
of some of the members.
Payne Pettebone served the company as treasurer from
the spring of 1855 till the summer of 1863. During that
period the collection of stock subscriptions, raising funds,
settling controversies concerning right of way, and many
incidental matters affecting the interests of the company,
necessarily absorbed much of his time and energies
beyond what his salary would remunerate. The heavy
responsibilities that the directors had incurred rendered
these efforts necessary.
f
LACKAWANNA AND BI.OOMSBURC. AND I.KIIIC.H VAI.I.EY RAILROADS.
93
Among the otiicers and managers conspicuous for doing
hard work and assuming heavy responsibilities to relieve
the coni])any from embarrassment were Judge William C.
Reynolds, Samuel Hoyt, William Sweetland, Henderson
(laylord, Thomas !•'. Atlierton, Joseph H. Scranion,
Mordecai W. Jackson and Hon. George W. Woodward;
and in their special departments, Hon. Warren J. Wood-
ward and Hon. Charles R. I5uckalew. Valuable aid was
also rendered by R. J. Wisner, Theodore Strong and S.
T. Scranton. John Brisbin and James .Archbald rei)re-
sented the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad
in the board, and they were always esteemed valuable
counselors. Mr. _ Pettebone was succeeded by A. H.
Reynolds.
Thomas F. Atherton was the first secretary, but was
succeeded in 1854 by Henry Woodhouse, who served the
company during the hard work of construction and who
was universally commended for his faithfulness.
The grading of the road was commenced at Scranton,
in 1854, and in June, 1856, the first train ran from Scran-
ton to Kingston. In 1858 the road was opened to Rupert,
connecting with the Catawissa road, and in i860 to Dan-
ville and Northumberland.
This road was consolid-^.ted with the Delaware, Lacka-
wanna and Western in 1872, and it is now^ known as the
Bloomsburg branch of that road.
The shops of the Bloomsburg division are located at
Kingston. They are for the manufacture of locomotives
and the repair of all cars. They are five in number, and
160 men are employed in them.
The success of this road has fully demonstrated the
wise prevision of its jirojectors.
LEHICH VALLEV R.-\n.KOAI).
In 1846 this w-as chartered as the Delaware, Lehigh,
Schuylkill and Susquehanna Railroad Comi)any. In 1850
a survey of the road was first made between Easton and
the mouth of Mahoning creek.
In 1 85 I Asa Packer became a large purchaser of stock
in this company, and instituted measures to secure an
early completion of the work. In 1852 Robert H. Sayre
became chief engineer and located the road, and in the
latter part of the same year Judge Packer undertook the
construction of the road from a point opposite Mauch
Chunk to Easton, where it would make such connections
as would give outlets to New York and Philadelphia for
its trade.
Early in 1853 the name of the corporation was changed
to the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and in 1855
trains ran over it between Easton and Mauch Cluink.
In 1865 measures were adopted to extend the road to
White Haven, and in 1867 it was opened to WilkesBarre.
Judge Packer had, in 1866, purchased a controlling
interest in the North Branch Canal from Wilkes-Barre to
the north line of Pennsylvania, with a charter from the
State authorizing a change in the name of the corporation
to the Pennsylvania and New York Canal and Railroad
Company, and the construction of a railroad the entire
length of it; and the work was at once entered on. The
road, which is practically an extension of the Lehigh
Valley, was o|)ened to its New York connections in 1S69.
.About ten miles of it, between Wilkcs-Barre and Lacka-
wanna junction, are leased by the Lehigh Valley Com-
l>any, and the remainder is operated in the interest of the
I liter, constituting, as before stated, an extension of that
road. The connection thus formed with the New N'ork
and Erie and with other roads in New York brought a
large territory into direct communication with the anthra-
cite coal fields of Luzerne county and the region farther
south, and thus greatly enhanced the importance of the
mining interest in those regions, while it established more
intimate commercial relations between these sections of
the country.
It is a noteworthy fact that the lines on which the
railroads in this section run are generally coincident with
those of the old Indian war paths.
In 1868 the stock of the Ha/leton Railroad Company
and that of the Lehigh and Luzerne Railroad Company
became merged in this corporation.
It has always been the policy of this company to
secure a proportion of the coal trade by accjuiring in-
terests in coal lands and in the stock of other compa-
nies holding such lands in the vicinity of their branches.
They have thus become large owners of real estate beyond
what is necessary for purposes of trans])ortation.
This road crosses the mountain range between the
Susquehanna and Lehigh valleys by a wide detour to the
southeast, ind during the ascent many sjilendid views are
disclosed.
The engine house and shops of this company arc
located about one mile north from Wilkes-Barre. They
are for the repair of locomotives only. About one
hundred and forty men are constantly employed in them.
They were commenced in 1872 and completed as far as
at present in 1874.
CHAPTER XHI.
HISTORICAL, AGRICULTURAL, MEDICAL, RELIGIOUS AND
sportsmen's ASSOCIATIONS.
^N the nth day of February, 1858, at a meet-
ing held in the old Fell tavern, in Wilkes
Barre, to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of
the burning of anthracite coal in an open
.^^rgjp/ — grate, it was proposed to organize a histori-
;^fv cal and geological society, and thus collect and
>' > preserve the early records of the local history of
the valley, its Indian relics, and also fossils and specimens
illustrative of its geology, especially of the rich and
extensive deposits of anthracite coal which underlie the
entire region.
The suggestion was favorably received, and on the loth
of the following May the Wyoming Historical and Geo-
logical Society was duly incorporated. Hon E. L. Dana
=4*
94
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
was elected the first president, and a room for the cabi-
net was secured on Franklin street, near Market. Liberal
donations were made of historical records, Indian relics,
geological and mineralogical specimens; and General Wil-
liam S. Ross, with characteristic liljerality, purchased at
the expense of two thousand dollars the Chambers col-
lection of curiosities, consisting of ancient coins, miner-
als, Indian relics, etc., and presented it to the society.
The monthly meetings of the association have been
held with some degree of regularity, and contributions
continue to be made to it. These contributions are sev-
erally numbered as they are received, and the names of
the contributors recorded. The donations often include
many articles and the list of them thus kept now exceeds
five thousand.
A large library, including a valuable collection of pub-
lic records, has also been gathered. The rare historical
records, many of them originals, and the interesting
cabinet of coal fossils, which it would be scarcely possible
to replace in case of loss, are deserving of the protection
of a fire-proof structure.
a(;ricui.ti're .•^nd agricultural societies.
During the half century succeeding the first settlement
of Luzerne county agriculture was the chief employment
of the inhabitants. There were among them a few hunt-
ers and trappers, and such mechanics as the wants of the
people necessitated. The existence of the immense
mineral wealth of the region was not then known. The
farmer, as he followed his plow over the fields, .scattered
on them the seed, or gathered from them the grain which
sprang up, matured, and ripened, little dreamed that
beneath the surface on which he labored was a deposit
of wealth compared with which the harvests that he
reaped were mere trifles; or that the barren mountains
over which the hunter pursued his game would yet re-
ward the labor of thousands whose villages would lie
scattered along their bases. The settlements were limited
to the fertile lands along the Susquehanna and its afflu-
ents, where bountiful returns rewarded the labors of the
husbandman.
The agriculture of those days was, compared with that
of the present time, awkward and rude. Many of the
implements then in use were clumsy and uncouth, though
some of them were well adapted to the condition of
things then existing. The different methods of culture,
the proper rotation of crops, the chemical composition of
the soil and its adaptation to the production of different
kinds of grain; the constitution, selection and ajjplication
of manures ; the nature, habits and best means for pre-
venting the ravages of or exterminating destructive
insects, etc., had not been made the subject of scientific
investigation to the extent to which they have in later
years. Scarcely any agricultural publications were
issued, and such as existed were sparsely circulated ; and
no associations existed among farmers for the discussion
of matters pertaining to agricultural science or for
comparison of views, methods or results.
The first agricultural society in this State of which any
record a[)pears was that of Philadelphia, which was
established at the request of the Supreme Executive
Council. In 1788 this society instituted investigations
and made a report on the subject of the Hessian fly. The
importation of American wheat into England had been
prohibited by a proclamation of the King, and this report,
by showing the- uselessness of such prohibition, was of
great advantage to American farmers.
The first agricultural society in Luzerne county was
organized in 1810, at a meeting held in the old court-house
in Wilkes-Barre. -Jesse Fell was chosen president of the
society, Matthias HoUenback vice-president, Thomas
Dyer, Esq., treasurer, Peleg Tracy recording secretary,
and Dr. R. H. Rose and Jacob Cist corresponding secre-
taries. It is remembered that these corresponding secre-
taries were very efficient members of the society, and that
they were active in promoting the advancement of knowl-
edge among the people. Only fragmentary records of
the proceedings of this society are preserved. For 181 1
there appears a report on some specimens of cloth pre-
sented for exhibition by Mr. Ingham, who was a cloth
dresser, and the premium list for 1824 is still in existence.
Though the ]jremiums in this list were not large they were
very judiciously arranged, and were only proposed for
those things which were substantially useful. Five dollars
each were offered for best essays on the Hessian fly and
the prevention of its ravages, on the curculio and the best
methods for its destruction, and on the general subject of
agriculture and manufactures. The list was not disgraced
by the offer of anything for horse racing.
The Agricultural Society of the State of Pennsylvania
was organized in 1849, and since its organization societies
have sprung up in almost every county in the State. In
185 1 another Luzerne county agricultural society was
organized, with General William S. Ross president, Hon.
John Coons and Hon. William Hancock vice-presidents,
S. D. Lewis treasurer, George H. Butler recording sec-
retary, Washington Lee, jr., corresponding secretary, and
Charles Dorrance and William P. Miner curators. Al-
though the society had two hundred members and gave
great promise of usefulness, its existence was brief, by
reason of the speculation in coal lands which at about
that time overshadowed almost every other interest.
The third society, which is still in existence, was
organized in 1858. From the records of this society the
following facts concerning it are gleaned: On the 2Sth
of September of that year a meeting of persons inter-
ested in farming and gardening was held in the "house
of Mr. Wambold," at Kingston. Rev. Thomas P. Hunt
presided, and William P. Miner acted as secretary.
Colonel Charles Dorrance reported a constitution and
by-laws for the organization then and there to be formed,
which were adopted. The constitution named the asso-
ciation the Luzerne County Agricultural Society ;
declared the object to be " to foster and improve
agriculture, horticulture, and the domestic and house-
hold arts ; fixed the fee for annual membership at $1,
and for life membership at $5 ; provided for a meeting
on the third Tuesday in February of each year, at which
^
*€^
LUZERNE COUNTY ACRICUI/ITRAI AM) MEDICAL SOCIEllES.
95
should be elected a president, nine vice-])residents of
whom "three-fourths" should he practical farmers or
horticulturists) to look after the interests and report the
condition of a};ricultare, recording and corresponding
secretaries, a librarian and an agritultural chemist and
geologist ; also a general meeting in connection with the
fair, and special meetings as called by the executive com-
mittee, which was to consist of the officers and five other
members.
At this meeting one hundred and thirty-six men joined
the society. They chose for i)resident Charles Dorrance;
corresponding secretary, Thomas P. Hunt; librarian, 1.
D. Shoemaker; and the following vice-i)residents: Charles
I). Shoemaker, Kingston; Samuel Wadhams, Plymouth;
E. W. Sturdevant, Wilkes-Barre; Benjamin Harvey, Hunt-
ington; William W. Bronson, Carbondale; David C.
Driesbach, Salem; Clark Sisson, Abington; Abram Drum,
Butler, and Calvin Parsons, Plains. .At a meeting of the
executive committee two days later Anson A. Church
was elected treasurer, and Thomas P. Atherton recording
secretary.
James Jenkins offered fair grounds at Wyoming for
four years free, fenced and provided with a trotting track;
and the offer was accepted. Since the expiration of that
time the grounds have been rented from several proprie-
tors.
In the summer of 1859 an exhibition building, one hun-
dred covered stalls, and a secretary's office were con-
structed, and a well was dug. The expense of these im-
jirovements was §1,436.48. In arranging for the fair of
1859 it was voted that there should be no "Shows or
Jim cracks " on the ground.
At the annual meeting held February 21st, i860, the
number of vice-presidents was changed to twelve, and the
time of meeting thereafter to the second Thursday in
February.
By invitation of this society the State agricultural soci-
ety held its fair on the Wyoming grounds in i860. Addi-
tional sheds and stalls were built for the occasion, which
were bought by the county society for $100.
The proceeds of the fair of 1862 were appropriated to
the aid of the families of soldiers engaged in the sup-
])ression of the Rebellion.
November 14th, 1867, it was announced that James
Jenkins, J. B. Schooley and John Sharps, jr., wished to
resume the occupancy of portions of the fair ground
belonging to them, and arrangements for reducing it were
made accordingly.
On the 5th of July, 1873, it was voted to reorganize
the society on a stock basis, shares being offered at $10
each. August i6th the reorganization was coinpleted by
the election of officers, including John Sharps as presi-
dent, and ten vice-])residents, of which John B. Smith,
of Kingston, was "first vice-president." That officer and
the president, secretary and treasurer were made the
executive committee.
At the annual meeting of 1879 it was voted to pay
John Sharps $50 per year for the use of the fair grounds.
The annual meetings, as well as the fairs of the society.
have been held at Wyoming. Quarterly meetings of the
executive committee were held under the old regime.
The presidents of the society hive been as follo\v«:
Charles Dorrance, 1858 6S; P.ivne I'ettebone. 1869 —
resigned September I I th, and Peter Pursel was elected
for the imfinislK'd term and the r.ext year; Ira Tripp.
1S71; Steuben Jenkins, 1872, 1873; John Sharps, .-Vugusi
16th, 1873, after the reorganization, and for the sui
ceeding term; John M. Stark, 1875; J. B. Smith
1876.79.
l.UZKKNK COL'NIV \ll|)l< Al. SDCIKIV.
On the fourth day of March, 1861, pursuant to call, .1
convention of physicians was held at the court-house in
Wilkes-Barre for the pur|)Oseof forming a medical socieiv.
.At this convention there were present doctors 1". C. W
Rooney, of Hazleton; N. P. Moody, Lehman; H. Lad I.
C. Marr, William Creen, B. H.Throop, Scranton; (1
Urquhart, W. F. Dennis, K. R. NLiyir, C. Wagner, E H
Miner, Wilkes-Barre; R. H. Tubbs, Kingston; S Law
ton, Pittston ; .\. L. Cressler and J. R. Cassclber\,
("onyngham.
The following were chosen officers: B. IL I'hroop,
president; E. R. Mayer and .A. L. Cressler, vice prcsi
dents; C. I'riiuhart, secretary, and R. H. Tubbs, tre.i
surer. .A constitution was adopted, the second article oi
which stated the objects of the society to be " the pro
motion of knowledge upon subjects connected with the
healing art, the advancement of the character and the
protection of the interests of those engaged in the practit c
of medicine, and the employment of the means calculated
to render the profession most useful to the public and
subservient to the great interests of humanity."
The eleventh article adopted the code of ethics of the
State Medical Society, and declared that any deparlur.
from its meaning and spirit might subject the offender to
the discipline of the society.
.At first the meetings of the society were held four
times each year, but during several years the)^ haxc
been held every two months. .At these meetings profes
sional topics are ably discussed and a constantly incrcas
ing interest is developed.
The following gentlemen have served the society a^
president in the order named: Drs. N. V. Dennis, S
Lawton. jr., R. H. Tubbs, John Smith, A. L. Cressler, J.
B. Crawford, Horace Ladd, S. Lawton, jr., Edward R
Mayer, James B. Lewis, Horace Ladd, E. Bulkely, C.
Underwood, Charles Burr, E. R. Mayer. J. H. Crawford,
J. E. Ross. J. A. Murphy.
The Luzerne County Homoeopathic Society was organ-
ized about 1866 and was in existence about two years.
Dr. .A. C. Stevens was president; Dr. William Brisbin
secretary and treasurer.
SLM>AV SCHOOL ASSOCIATION OK I.IZERNK, LACKA-
WANNA AND WYOMING COUNTIES.
This was first organized as the Luzerne County Sun-
day-School Association, at the Presbyterian ihnr. h in
f
96
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
Dunniore, September 28th, 1875, with the following
officers: Rev. W. P. Hellings, president; Rev. D. A.
Lindsley, Rev. W. V. White, Hon. Theodore Strong,
Hon. E. C Wadhams, vice-presidents; F. E. Nettleton,
corresponding secretary; J. F. Richard, assistant corre-
sponding secretary; E. M. Peck, recording secretary;
James R. Lathrop, treasurer.
The work of the association has been carried on by
means of Sunday-school institutes, till recently Mr.
Crittenden has been employed as a missionary.
Rev. R. W. Van Schoick succeeded Mr. Hellings as
president, and occupied the position till the [)resent in-
cumbent was elected.
The name of the association was changed to Luzerne
and Lackawanna Sunday-School Association on the for-
mation of Lackawanna county in 1878; and in 1879 ''i*^
fifth annual convention, held at West Pittston, Wyoming
county, was by request included and tlie present name
was adopted.
The ])resent officers are: Rev. N. I. Rubinkam, presi-
dent; F. C. Johnson, S. C. Mellory, F. E. Nettleton, A.
F. Levi, Halsey Lathrop, A. S. Stearns, H. E. Suther-
land, E. A. Atherton, C. L. Rice, vice-presidents; T. F.
Wells, corresponding secretary; B. R. Wade, recording
secretary; Pierce Butler, treasurer.
In 1878 the statistics were: Number of Sunday-schools,
319; officers and teachers, 3,210; scholars, 26,566. The
present number of scholars is probably about 40,000.
LUZERNE COUNTY SPORTS.MEn's CLUB.
This association was organized in October, 1875,
and incorporated on the 3d of January, 1876. Its
objects are " the preservation and propagation of game
and fish within the county of Luzerne." It has an active
membership of about fifty, and a land membership of a
much greater number. Land members are those owners
of lands who choose to make leases to the club for the
purpose of enabling it to jjrevent poaching and violations
of the game laws.
The influence of the club has always been used for its
legitimate objects. It has prosecuted to conviction sev-
eral violations of the game laws, and procured the ap-
pointment of five fish wardens by the fish commissioners
of the State. It has planted 41,000 California salmon in
Bowman's creek, 2,500 salmon trout and 9,000 land locked
salmon in Harvey's lake, and about 25,000 brook trout in
several of the public streams of the county; has imported
more than 600 live quails, and has circulated upwards of
3,000 copies of the game laws. It offers rewards for the
conviction of those who violate the game laws, and also
for the destruction of hawks, owls, foxes, skunks, minks
and weasels. It holds a meeting on the first Monday in
each month. Always keeping the legitimate objects of
the club in view, its members strive to accomplish these
with justice to all and malice toward none.
LUZERNE lilHLE SOCIETY.
From a report made April 26th, 1879, by Rev. S. S.
Kennedy, agent of this society, the following sketch is
mainly gleaned.
Its first organization w-as effected November ist, 1819,
at a meeting in the old church on the public square.
The first officers chosen were Ebenezer Bowman, presi-
dent; William Ross, Esq., David Scott, Es(i.,and Captain
David Hoyt, vice-presidents; Dr. Edward Lovell, corres-
ponding secretary; .\ndrew Beaumont, recording secre-
tary; and G. M. Hollenback, treasurer. Many of the
best citizens of the county became patrons of the society,
and it is recorded that a masonic lodge of Wilkes-Barre
donated $25.
In 1828 David Scott was chosen president; Thomas
Dyer, vice-president; John N. Conyngham, corresponding
secretary; Ziba Bennett, recording secretary; and James
D. Haff, treasurer.
The society was reorganized on the 25th of August,
1S35, and Rev. James May was elected president; Rev.
John Dorrance, Hon. David Scott, Cristus Collins, Esq.,
and John N. Conyngham, Esq., vice-presidents; Volney
S. Maxwell, Esq., secretary; Henry C. Anheiser, treasu-
rer; Dr. Latham Jones, Edmund Taylor and William C.
Gildersleeve, executive committee. No records of this
org.mization of a later date than 1S37 appear.
On the 28th of January,i853, after a sleep of sixteen
years, the society was again reorganized, and Hon. John
Conyngham was chosen president ; Hon. Ziba Bennett,
treasurer ; Sharp D. Lewis, Esq., recording secretary ;
and A. T. McClintock, Esq., corresponding secretarv.
Judge Conyngham continued in the office of president
during eighteen years, or until his death. He was
succeeded by V. L. Maxwell, and at his death A. T.
McClintock became president. Hon. Z. Bennett and S.
D. Lewis, Esq., continued in the positions of treasurer
and secretary during twenty-six years, and were \ery
faithful and efficient officers.
Since 1853 the county has been three times canvassed
by the agents of the society, and in each of these explo-
rations many destitute families have been supplied with
the Scriptures. During the last exploration about fifteen
hundred families were found without Bibles and were
supplied. It was remarked by the agent that the most
grateful among those who were supplied were many who
received the Scriptures in the German language. He
also stated that the benevolent spirit which prompted
the work seemed in many cases to be highly appreciated,
and to exert a very favorable influence.
The present officers are: A. T. McClintock, president;
E. L. Dana, vice-president ; G. S. Bennett, secretary ; J.
W. Hollenback, treasurer ; A. T. McClintock, E. L.
Dana, G. S. Bennett, J. W. Hollenback, E. C. Wadhams,
Richard Sharp, J. P. Hoyt. A. J. Pringle, C. A. Miner,
B. G. Carpenter, H. W. Kalish, Prof. A. Albert, and C.
M. Conyngham, executive committee.
<^
■■■■■■ <w'Jy .-■-■.,.,,;.. .'j
THE SECESSIO>f OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.
97
CHAPIJ-.R XIV.
OPENING OF THE CIVIL W A R— PATRIOTIC SPIRIT IN I.U-
ZKRNE, LACKAWANNA AND WYOMINi; COUNTIF.S.
,HI'^ limits and scope of this work will not per-
■^^ niit even an enumeration of all the events
that led to the civil war. It is (juite proper,
however, that a brief mention should be
made of some of the more important and imme-
diate antecedents of the contest, in which many
of the citizens of these counties bore a conspicu-
ous and honorable part, and in which many laid down
their lives.
The doctrine which has by some been termed a grand
political heresy — that of Sft7U sm'erei^nty, or, as it was im-
])roperly termed at the South, Stale rights, was what led
to the civil war. By this is meant the right of a State to
set aside any act of Congress which may be deemed un-
constitutional by the State authorities. This doctrine
was distinctly set forth in the famous Kentucky resolu-
tions of 1798. and was for a long time accepted by many,
perhaps by a majority, in all parts of the country. It
involves not the right of nullification alone, but that of
secession. South Carolina in i8j2 was dissatisfied with
the protective tariff which Congress established, and
adopted an ordinance of nullification and secession. A
compromise was effected, some concessions to her pre-
judices were made, and she repealed her ordinances.
The ([uestion of the introduction of slavery into Kan-
sas arose, and the people of the Northern States evinced
a determination to prevent it, in which they were suc-
cessful. In 1S56 threats of secession were freely uttered
in case of the success of the Republican party, which in
1855 had been formed on the issue of slavery extension.
In 1S60 Abraham Lincoln was elected President, and this
was regarded by southern statesmen as the finishing
stroke against the e.\tension of their institution, and
they proceeded to e.xecute their threats. South Carolina
took the lead in this, followed by Georgia, Mississippi,
Alabama, Virginia, Florida and Louisiana, ail of which
before the end of November issued calls for State con-
ventions to consider the question of secession. In this
they were followed after a time by Tennessee, Texas,
Arkansas and North Carolina, all of which adopted ordi-
nances of secession.
South Carolina adopted the ordinance on the first day
of December, i860. Three days later Covernor Pickens
issued his proclamation, declaring it to be a "separate,
sovereign, free and independent State, having a right to
levy war, conclude peace, negotiate treaties," etc.
John B. Floyd, of Virginia, was at that time Secre-
tary of War. He had caused 70,000 stands of arms to
be placed in the arsenal at Charleston, and had put that
arsenal in the care of the governor of South Carolina; and
thus when the State seceded it was able to possess itself
of thest arms, and it was also found that the northern
arsenals generally had been depleted and the arms sent
south. Many of the ships of the navy had been sent to
distant seas, and the government was left without effi-
cient resouicvs with which to repress a sudden uprising.
The senators from South Carolina were first to resign
their seats, followed by others and by members of the
cabinet and of the House of Representatives. Texas,
the last of the seven States which united in forming the
"Southern (Confederacy," adopted the ordinance of se-
cession February ist, 1861. On the 4th of the month
the tlelegates who had been appointed by the conventions
for that jnirpose met at .Montgomery, \\.\., to form a
government. They adopted the constitution of the
United States, with some additions and alterations, as the
constitution of the confederate Stales, and chose for pro-
visional President and Vice-President Jefferson Davis
and Alexander H. Stevens.
When South Carolina ])assed the ordinance of secession
in December, i860, Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor,
was garrisoned l)y sixty effective men in command of
Major .Anderson. The fort was not secure against at-
tack, and Major .Anderson w.is denied reinforcements.
Accordingly on the night of December 2olh he removed
his force to Fort Sumter, which had been ipiietly pre-
pared for his occupation. He had l)een instructed by
the President "not to take up without necessity any po-
sition which could be construed into a hostile attitude,
but to hold possession of the forts, and if attacked, de-
fend himself." This evacuation of P'ort .Moultrie, there-
fore, surprised the President and aroused the indignation
of the South Carolinians, who thought that they had a
pledge from the President to jirevent such removal. He
was induced to lake this step because he entertained just
ajjprehensions of the occu|)ancy of Fort Sumter by the
South Carolina troops, and an attack on his small force
in the nearly defenseless fort where he was. in which
case it would have been impossible for him to hold out a
day.
Three commissioners that had been appointed by the
South Carolina convention "to treat with the United
States " repaired to Washington, and in obedience to
their instructions demanded that Major .Anderson should
be ordered back to Fort Moultrie, and in case of refusal
that the forts in Charleston harbor should be uncondi-
tionally evacuated. .About this time the government
offices, forts, etc., were possessed by the State troops,
who were su|)plied with arms and ammunition from the
arsenal
An attempt was made by tl'.e government to revictual
and reinforce Fort Sumter, and for that purpose the
steamer " Star of the West " was sent in January, 1861,
with two hundred men, provisions, ammunition, etc. She
was fired on from Morris Island, was struck by several
shot and compelled to return without landing her troops
and cargo.
April 1 2th, 1861, at 4 .A. M., the bombardment of Fort
Sumter was commenced from the batteries of Fort
Moultrie. Sullivan's Island and elsewhere. The rebel
13
98
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
forces were under command of General Beauregard, who
demanded the surrender of the fort. Major Anderson
replied that he would only surrender when his supplies
were exhausted. The cannonading was kept up with
spirit on both sides. The result was the surrender of
the fort on the 13th, and on the 14th Major Anderson
and his command left on the steamer " Isabel " for
New York.
After the attack on Fort Sumter it was feared that the
confederate troops would march at once on Washington,
and all the available forces were so disposed as to
afford the best protection to the capital possible with the
meagre number of troops available. Measures were
immediately taken to raise troops in several States, and
thousands of volunteers at once offered their services.
President Lincoln promptly issued his proclamation and
call for 75,000 troops for three months, and stated that
they would first be used to "repossess the forts, places
and property which had been seized from the Union."
The proclamation also called a special session of Congress
for the ne.xt 4th of July, to do whatever might be deemed
necessary for the public safety. Another proclamation,
declaring a blockade, was soon issued.
To this call for volunteers the people of the loyal
States responded with the utmost alacrity. Only two
days after Governor Andrew, of Massachusetts, issued
orders calling for troops, two regiments were on their
way to Washington. In every city and almost every
village in the loyal North meetings were held, large sums
of money were pledged for the support of the families of
volunteers, regiments were raised and sent forward, and
a degree of patriotic feeling was aroused the existence of
which had by some been doubted.
On the 29th of April the President called for 40,000
volunteers to serve for three years, and 25,000 regulars
for five years' service. In his message to Congress, which
convened in special session in July, he recommended the
passage of a law authorizing the raising of 400,000 men
and placing $400,000,000 at the disposal of the govern-
ment, in order to make this contest a short and decisive
one. During the nine days of the session acts were
passed to legalize the past action of the President, to
authorize the calling out of 500,000 volunteers, to ap-
propriate some $266,000,000 for the prosecution of the
war, and to confiscate property used for insurrectionary
purposes.
At the breaking out of the war hardly any one antici-
pated a struggle of beyond two or three months; but
instead of the short, decisive war that was at first antici-
pated the contest was prolonged through four years, with
an expenditure of life and treasure unparalleled in the
history of similar wars. During this time the Union
forces experienced alternate successes and reverses till
the decisive triumphs of Grant and Sheridan, the resist-
less march of Sherman to the sea, and the complete
exhaustion of the enemy's resources, brought the con-
summation for which the friends of the Union had so
long labored and prayed. The tension at which the feel-
ings of the friends of luimanity had been held during
four years was relaxed, and the world breathed free
again.
In these counties, as in all parts of the country, the
departure of the first company of volunteers was an
occasion of peculiar interest. It was the first time
in the history of the country that the national ex-
istence had been threatened, and the patriotic feel-
ings of every loyal citizen were roused into intense
activity. It was the first general call which had been
made upon the present generation for volunteers to serve
in the field, and of course the first occasion on which the
people had been called to bid adieu to fathers, sons or
brothers, who took their lives in their hands for the de-
fense of their country. They experienced a higher pride
in the patriotism of their kindred and friends, and a
more poignant grief at ])arting than they felt on similar
occasions afterwards; for the acuteness of these feelings
was to some extent worn away by frequent exercise, and
after the first departure less of idle curiosity was felt.
The brave volunteers of Luzerne, Lackawanna and
Wyoming counties who left the comforts of their homes,
their social and domestic pleasures, and who severed fur
the time the ties which linked them to their families and
friends, to rally for the defense of the institutions under
which they had been permitted to enjoy these comforts,
pleasures and affections; to face the stern realities of grim
visaged war, to endure the hardships and privations of the
field, to inhale the pestilential emanations from southern
swamps, to languish in sickness and pain on pallets,
"with no hand of kindred to smooth their lone pillows,"
and, too often, to find solitary graves where neither
mother nor sister, wife nor children could come to drop
affection's tear, deserve a more minute history than the
limits of this work will permit. They constituted parts
of organizations the balance of which came from other
regions, and their histories are inseparably conected with
tliose of these organizations.
When the proclamation of the President was issued
calling for 75,000 troops to defend the national capital
and suppress the rebellion that had thus been inaugu-
rated, the patriotism of the people in Luzerne county
found vent otherwise than in words. Several military
companies at once offered their services to the govern-
ment. The Wyoming Light Dragoons, the Wyoming
Yagers (a Germany company), the Jackson Rifles a
company of Irishmen) and the White Haven Yagers
were among the earliest to depart in response to the call.
The recruiting of other companies for future exigencies
was immediately commenced, and it was at once evident
that, whatever had been the previous differences of
opinion among the |)eo|)le in this country, when the time
for action came patriotism trium])hed over every oth.er
feeling; and here as elsewhere in the loyal North ]5eople
of all parties vied with each other in their efforts to pro-
mote measures for the defense of the country in its hour
of peril.
The first war meeting was held at the court house in
Wilkes-Barre, on Friday, April 26th, 1861. At this
meeting Hon. H. B. Wright presided, and patriotic
.k
=>=^ ^
FIRST ENLISTMENTS FOR THE CIVIL WAR.
99
speeches were made by men of all previous shades of
political opinion. Large sums were pledged for the care
of the families of volunteers. \ noteworthy feature of
the patriotic feeling which existed in this county, as else-
where, was seen in the fact that those who sought by
addresses and other means to "bring public sentiment
up," as they termed it, soon found that they had mistaken
their mission; that public sentiment was leading them;
that the patriotism of the masses was in advance of tiiat
of their self-constituted leaders.
Here as elsewhere the first burst of patriotism after the
attack on Fort Sumter o\ershadowed every other feel-
ing, and it was confidently hoped that past differences of
opinion would not be revived to become sources of em-
barrassment in the time of the country's peril. Here as
elsewhere, however, this hope was not realized. Sym-
pathy with the enemies of the country manifested itself
among a few after a time, under various disguises. A
profound veneration for the constitution, and an active
fear lest some of its provisions should be violated in
prosecuting the war for the ])reservation of the Union,
was usually professed by those whose patriotism was not
stronger than their party prejudice. By reason of
numercial inferiority, however, these people were com-
paratively impotent m Luzerne county.
From a diary kept by Captain James B. Harding the
following facts relative to the organization of the first
company from Wyoming county in the war of the Re-
bellion are gleaned:
It will be remembered that at that time no railroad or
telegraph lines passed through Wyoming county, and news
was not received here as early as at places where these
facilities existed. Preparations for the formation of a
company were commenced by Mr. Harding on the 19th,
and at a war meeting held at the court-house in Tunk-
hannock on the evening of the 20th twenty men were
enlisted. On the evening of the 22nd another war meet-
ing was held and more men were recruited, and on the
24th drilling commenced.
Recruiting and drilling continued till the 27th, when
the company was nearly full. On this day the men were
drawn up in front of the court-house, where they were
addressed by .\. K. I'eckham and George S. Fulton; and
by the former, in behalf of the ladies of Tunkhannock
and Eaton, presented with a flag. Of this company
James B. Harding was chosen captain, John Deckover
first lieutenant, and H. E. Tiffany second lieutenant.
Returns of the organization of this company were for-
warded to Harrisburg by Levi H. Stevens, then inspector
of the sixteenth division of Pennsylvania militia, and
daily drilling was continued.
On the 4th of May news was received that the com-
pany could not be accepted for nine months' service as
had been expected, but that an enlistment for three years
or during the war would be the only terms of acceptance.
When this alternative was presented about twenty-five
men, with Captain Harding, decided to enlist as re(iuired.
These united with a part of a company in Factoryville,
and the consolidated company chose Captain Harding
for their commander, O. N. Bailey first lieutenant, and
D. N. Matthewson second lieutenant.
On the evening of May 8th the company left Factory-
ville for Harrisburg, ria Scranton, where they tarried till
the morning of the 9lh. On their arrival at Sunbury
the railroad company refused to take them farther, and
they refused to leave the cars, which were uncoupled and
left standing on the track. During the night of the 9th
they were quartered in the court-house and fed by the
ladies of Sunbury. On the 10th orders to go forward
were received and transportation provided. The com-
pany became a part of the 41st regiment, the history of
which is given elsewhere.
Meetings were from time to time held in various parts
of the county for raising volunteers, and the histories of
the different regiments include the lists of volunteers
from this county, as well as Luzerne and Lackawanna.
The patriotic spirit of the citizens of the county |)romiited
them to make every effort in their power to sustain the
country in its hour of trial. The county, by its commis-
sioners, paid to each volunteer for nine months' service
$25, and to each who went for three years $50. The
commissioners also expended money under an act of the
Legislature for the support of needy families of soldiers
in the army.
Truth compels the statement that there were in some
l)ortions of the county manifestations of a very disloyal
feeling, and even forcible resistance to the enrollment
was in one instance contemplated. The strong loyal
feelings which prevailed in other parts of the county
overbore the disloyalty of these localities, and prevented
the disgrace of an armed demonstration in favor of the
enemies of the country.
The loyal women here as elsewhere did their part,
through their aid societies and otherwise, to furnish such
comforts for the sick and wounded, who languished in
the field or in distant hospitals, as under the circum-
stances the government was unable to provide.
CHAPTER XV,
LUZERNE IN THE CIVIL WAR— THE 8tH, IITH AND 15 HI
REGIMENTS OF THREE-MONTHs' MEN.
' F the 8th regiment, which was organized for
three months' service, companies B, C, D, E,
F, G and H were recruited in Luzerne
l 'C~^^) county. A company of cavalry at Wilkes-
*^^Vi/ i{.,rre, of which Captains Hoyt and Bris-
^^' bane had been commanders, was filled by re-
vS cruits and became Comi)any C of the regiment.
Company F had been an artillery company of the
same city, under command of Captain Emiey, who be-
came colonel of the regiment. Company G had been
known as the Wyoming Yagers, which, together with a
militia company from Pittston and additional recruits,
constituted this company. The other companies were
made up wholly of recruits.
The companies jiroceeded at once to camp Curtin,
where the regiment was organized on the 22nd of April,
1 861, seven days after the President's proclamation call-
ing for 75,000 men was issued. On the day of its organi-
zation the regiment was ordered to the vicinity of Cham-
bersburg, where it was attached to the 3d brigade, ist
division. June yth it went to Greenville, and soon
afterward to the vicinity of Williamsport, where it was
posted to guard the forts of the Potomac. While here
Lieutenant Colonel Bowman crossed the river alone to
reconnoitre, and was made prisoner by rebel scouts.
Soon after the Union forces advanced into Virginia.
Two companies of this regiment were detailed as an
escort for Captain Doubleday's battery on its march to
Martinsburg. On the 6th of July the regiment joined
the brigade at Martinsburg ; on the 17th it participated
in a flank movement toward (Charleston, and was sta-
tioned at Keyes Yord during the night of the 20th. It
returned about this time, T'/a Harper's Ferry and Hagers-
town, to Harrisburg. where it was disbanded.
The field and staff olificers of the regiment were : — A.
H. Ernie)', Wilkes-Barre, colonel ; Samuel Bowman,
Wilkes-Barre, lieutenant colonel ; Joseph Phillips, Pitts-
ton, major ; Joseph Wright, AVilkes-Barre, adjutant ;
Butler Dilley, (juartermaster ; Benjamin H. Throop, sur-
geon ; H. Carey Parry, assistant-surgeon ; T. P. Hunt,
chaplain.
Of the companies composing the 8th, B was recruited
at Moscow, Lackawanna county, and mustered in on the
23d of April, 1 86 1 ; C and D were recruited at Wilkes-
Barre and mustered April 22nd; E and H were recruited
at Scranton and mustered April 23d ; and F and G were
recruited at Wilkes-Barre and mustered in, the first April
2ist and the second April 23d. Rolls of these companies
follow ;
COMPANY H.
Officers. — Hiram S. Travis, captain; Frank Wambacker,
first lieutenant ; Sanford G. Coglizer, second lieutenant;
Jacob Swartz, first sergeant; John F. Sayers, second
sergeant ; John W. Fike, third sergeant ; Delton F. Mil-
ler, fourth sergeant ; Benjamin J. Stephens, first corporal;
David Weldy, second corporal; George Weldy, third cor-
poral; Warren Breemer, fourth corporal; Paul Debler and
William Miller, musicians.
Privates. — William Albro, Shadrach G. Austin, Richard
Austin, James R. Aten, John Bird, Adolph Bender,
Thomas Brennan, Mathias Barclay, George Barnes,
Thomas L. Benson, Nicholas Cooper, Nodiah Curtis,
George Chrisman, Charles Clouse, Horatio V. Colvin,
Thomas R. Conner, Henry L. Davenport, James T. Dav-
enport, Horatio P. Felts, Samuel Gilchrist, Lorenzs D.
Hoover, Henry M. Hinds, Michael \\ . Hurley, Frederick
John, Abraham Kiser, Samuel Kilpatrick, Joseph Knapp,
William La France, Josei)h La F'rance, Benjamin Le
Compt, Westbrook Murring, Ezra B. Martin, James
M'Guigan, James S. M'Doherty, Herbert iNL Nogle, Levi
Powell, David Robinson, Thomas P. Rhodes, James A.
Roach, Morris H. Rhodes, William R. Rockwell, Benja-
min F. Rodgers, G. William Ryan, William Rease, Rich-
ard H. Scott, Freeman Smith, P'rancis Switer, Robert
Smith, Merrit Stalbert, Nelson Swan, David C. Sterling,
Obadiah Sherwood, Jerome Scott, John Shaffer, Vincent
J. Sayers, John Smith, Milton Sylich, John A. Tanfield,
Levi B. Tompkins, Joseph W. Wallace, Chester Wilber,
Patrick Wood, Dorman A. Yarrington, Spencer Yeager.
COMP.-\NV c.
Officers. — William Brisbane, captain ; Joseph Wright,
first lieutenant; John B. Conyngham, second lieutenant;
Lyman R. Nicholson, first sergeant; William J. Fell, sec-
ond sergeant; Beriah S. Bowers, third sergeant; William
C. Rohn, fourth sergeant; Treat B. Camp, first corporal;
Samuel B. Hibler, second corporal ; Albert ^L Bailey,
third corporal; "Edwin S. Osborne, fourth corporal;
Thomas J. Schleppy and Joseph W. Collings, musicians.
Privates. — Andrew J. Crusan, Edward H. Chase, Wil-
liam H. Cook, Daniel Clossen, Andrew Clossen, George
B. Carey, Orlando Deitrick, William G. Downs, Elisha A.
Dailey, Joseph H. Everett, Peter Gray. Jacob Gregory,
Willett E. Gorham, James Harvey, John Humble, An-
drew J. Hughey, George Hoover, James D. Harris, Bur-
tis Irvin, George W. Jumper, Charles Keller, Patrick
Kearney, George W. Kelley, James Kelley, Isaiah Kizer,
William Moser, Charles McWilliams, Daniel W. McGee,
Norman McNeil, John McCormick, Roderick McFarlane,
John Powell, John Piper, Joseph W. Patten. Alexander
Puterbaugh, William A. Partington, Samuel H. Puter-
baugh, Richard Prideaux, John Reymer, Stephen D,
Robbins, Adam Robbins, Miles Reel, George A. Reese,
\Vesley Rittenhouse, David L. Rohn, Charles Rennard,
Jacob Remmel, James A. Raub, William W. Rines, Giles
E. Stevens, Nathan Schoonover, Charles F'. Stevens,
Henry Stroll, F^rank Smith, Samuel Stookey, Isaac Tripp,
Preserve Taylor, William H. Vanscoten, George E.
Waring, William H. Ward, jr., Daniel Wood, Lazarus S.
Walker, William W. Watson, Alexander Youngst.
COMH.ANV I).
Officers. — Jacob Bertels, captain; Richard Fitzgerald,
first lieutenant ; Patrick Lenihan, second lieutenant;
Michael Reily, first sergeant; John C. Reily, second ser-
geant; Michael Giligan, third sergeant; Joseph P. Byrne,
fourth sergeant; Daniel M'Bride, first corporal; Daniel
Shoolin, second corporal; Thomas Devaney, third cor-
poral; John Ryan, fourth corporal; Bartholomew Lynch
and John Batterton, musicians.
Privates. — Philip Boyle, John Baney, Patrick Biglin,
Patrick Brennan, ist ; Thomas Birm'ingham, Thomas
Boran, James Boylan, Patrick Brennan, 2nd; Matthew
Coyle, John Caffrey, John Clark, Daniel Cunningham,
John Cosgrove, John Collins, Michael Curran, Frank Cull,
Michael Goggles, Patrick Collins, John Delaney, James
Dolton, Evan Davis, James Dougher, James Dougherty,
John Evans, Patrick Fogarty, John Graham, Patrick
Gritfith, Patrick Gallagher, ist; Patrick Gallagher, 2nd;
Thomas Heley, Patrick Houston, Edward Killroy,
Michael Keeghran, James Lynch, Patrick Levey, John
Looby, John Lisk, Bernard Lynch, Thomas Lahey, Peter
Lebar, John Lawler, John M'Dowell, Thomas M'Coy,
Thomas M'Cluskey, [ohn M'Conelogue, William Merg-
han, Thomas M'Maniman, Michael Nlorris, Michael Mul-
vey, Patrick M'Tigue. John M'Cool, John M'Reenelly,
Michael M'Ginness, Daniel .M'Cormick, Thomas O'Don-
nell, James Plum, Patrick Paul, Martin Ryan, Lawrence
Reily, Michael Ruddy, John Sullivan, Timothy Sullivan,
Edward Sherron, John Scott, Dalton W. Totton, Martin
Welsh, John Ward.
COMPANY K.
Officers. — John M'Casey captain; John O'Grady, first
lieutenant; Michael O'Hara, second lieutenant; Anthony
ROLL OF THE Kit '.Frill REGIMENT.
Lofters, first sergeant; James Howlcy. second scrjieani;
Francis Mahon, third sergeant; Morris O'Brien, fourth
sergeant; John Lanagan, first corporal; Richard Lanagan,
second corporal; Richard Fitzgerald, third corporal, John
(Jerry, fourth corporal; Peter I'ennypacker and John
Hartline, musicians.
Privates. — Joseph Blacknian, ^L^rk liurk, Charles
Brand, Francis Raronosky, Thomas Buckley, John Can-
navan, Samuel Clouser, Henry Cannavan, James Canna-
van, Matthew Cawley, Michael Cusick, John R. Cordeii,
William Corden, Josejjh F. Colburn, John Churchill,
Henjamin Crist, Lewis Decker, Michael Dorson, David
H. Davis, James Fleming, James Forrester, George Flee-
vellen, John Fitz|)atrick, Thomas Fo.\, Thomas Foy,
Michael Grass, Charles Gallagher, Anthony Gillespie,
John Handler, John F. Jackson, Dennis Kelley, Michael
Kirk, Patrick Lenihan, 'Fhomas Lanagan, F^dward Lynn,
.Mien M'Lane, John H. Mullison. James ^^Grael, Patrick
Mullin, Delos Munford. John AFManus, John J. Murray,
Reuben Mullen, Daniel M'Cracken, Michael Manning,
David Pearce, Francis Rourke, Joseph Ross, John
Ruddy, William Shannon, Patrick H. Saxton, John Shib-
Mchood, Theodore Sinclair, \\'illiam Smith, Samuel
Tindle, John H. Taylor, Michael Tigue, Jeremiah L'r-
frels, Peter Vankirk, Michael Walsh, Reuben Williams,
Joseph Wright, William Whiting, John Williams.
CO.MP.ANV F.
Officers. — Edwin W. Finch, captain; Butler Dilley, first
lieutenant; Isaiah AL Leach, second lieutenant; .-Mpheus
C. Montague, first sergeant; Charles B. Metzgar, second
sergeant; Charles B. Stout, third sergeant; Oliver A. Par-
sons, fourth sergeant; Benjamin F. Louder, first corporal;
John J. M'Dermott, second corporal; William H. Rown-
tree, third corporal; Paschal L. Hoover, fourth corporal;
Charles H. Hay and David C. Connor, musicians.
Privates. — Joseph Alberl, Casey J. Atherton, Emory
Briggs, ALirtin Breese, James Culver, Hugh Collins,
Charles Vi. Cyphers, Emanuel Detrick, .\braham Doobar,
Charles H. Elliott, William W. Ellis, Irvin E. Finch, John
N. Fordham, Peter Ficklinger, John Erase, Nathan Fritz,
Henry Frantz, Samuel C. Fell, John E. Groff, Lee D.
Gruver, Henry M. Gordon, Allen Ciormon, George
Hughes, Ebert Haney, Peter H. Hay, William Johnson,
John Jenkins, John C. Krupp, Philiii Kiilian, Andrew J.
Lobach, Isaiah M. Leach, Robert M'Laughlin, John H.
.Minick, Rufus* M'Guire, -Ozro Manville, Jiidson W.
Myers, John Xeuer, Joseph Newsbiggle, Charles B. Post,
.Mfred Riley, Bernard Riley, Sylvester Rhodes, William
Rankins, .Alfred Randolph, Henry J. Root, C. B. Root,
James Russell, James H. Shepherd, Charles B. Stookey,
William A. Swan, David R. Shutt, John Severn, James
Severn, Theodore .\. Tucker, Thomas O. Tucker, Gotlieb
Troub, James C. Turner, David J. Taylor, James Up-
linger, William H. Valentine, Horton Wood, Reuben H.
Waters, Newton T. Weaver, Jacob Young.
COMPANY G.
Officers. — George N. Reichard, captain; John N. Treff-
eisen, first lieutenant; Ciustavus E. Hahn, second lieuten-
ant; George W. Smith, first sergeant; Joseph Harold,
second sergeant; Christopher 'Walther, third sergeant;
Jacob Goeby, fourth sergeant, Christian Treffeisen, first
corporal; Andreas Haussam, second corporal; Henry
Katzenbacker, third corporal; John Marr, fourth corporal;
William Kaiser and Frederick Andrie, musicians.
Privates. — Christian Adrien, Ma.\ Burkhardt, Henry
Braehl, Benedict Boehm, Peter Bohnc, John Bauman,
Frederick Bach. Michael Blair, Maurice Brandt, NLit-
thew Bickle, Lewis Dieffenbach, Jacob Eastearle, Frank-
lin Early, Charles Engel, .\braham Frauenlhal, Charles
Firestine, Conrad Futtrer, George Fritz, Zeno Fry
Philip Glessner, Jacob Goebz, Frederick Gersting, Nich-
olas Gerlitz, Jones Grajip, .Andrew Hansam, Henry Harf
man, John Haiwish, Joseph Hartman, Emile Haugg,
Philip Hess, Nicholas Helfrick, Lorenzo Ittel, Anton
Joachim, Thomas Jayne. .Anton Kinghammer, Rudolph
korff, John Kiilian, C. F. Loomis, Charles Long, Frit/
Loeffier, Jacob Luckhardt, John Mowery. Jacob Mahler,
John Mathews, Morton Mehlinann, Florian Mitz, John
Oppel, John Peter, William Riester, Henry Russ, Mat-
thew Ruebenach, John Sengfelder, Frederick Schmiti.
Frederick Shearer, Ernst Schmalst, William S( haule,
Joseph Sittig, Michael Snyder, .Albert C. Woolbert,
Christian Weiss, Jacob Wench, Conrad Wern. Justus
Wassmuth, Conrad Zibb.
COMPANY H.
Officers. — Henry W. Derby, captain; Beaton Smith, jr.,
first lieutenant; \\illiam D. Snyder, second lieutenant;
Thomas Edmonds, first sergeant; Henry Derris, second
sergeant; Charles Kerr, third sergeant; Joseph R. Shultz,
fourth sergeant; Israel Ruth, first corporal; William Bry-
den, second corporal; Monroe Koch, third corporal;
William Booth, fourth corporal.
/'/7,-rtAx.— Charles G. Adams, Miles N. Bradford.
Lyman T. Benjamin, Thomas B. Bloom, William F.
Bloff, Samuel A. Bouten, Abram L. Bound, James O.
Brown, Warren Buckland, Theodore Cherry, George \V.
Conklin, Samuel Cobb, John Coon, Hugh R. Crawford,
Martin Decker, Hugh .M. Diehl, .Andrew J. Drake,
Henry Ennis, Frederick M. Etting, Alexander L. Flem-
ing, Peter S. Gabrio, Nathan C. Gregory, Jacob W. Gal-
loway, Dinsmore Habe, John Haines, Stephen H. Haley,
John Hastings, ist; John Hastings, 2d; Robert Hardy,
Henry B. Henson, Harry Houser, John Hopkins, Wil-
liam Jamison, Hudson D. Kind, Hiram P. Kirlin. .An-
thony Long, William Miller, Thomas Mullihan, John .\I.
Palmer, George W. Peters, C.eorge C. Palmer, Simon
Rhodes, Henry Rex, Nicholas Robbing, Joshua Rich-
ards, Joseph S. Shiffer, Mead S. Silkman, Charles Shafer,
Peter Shively, Peter J. Smith, William Stark, Roland N.
Stevens, John G. Swartz, William .A. Staples, William H.
Thomas, David Wigton, John Wittingham, Edwin B.
Wilson, Charles E. Ward, William H. Williams, James
Woolley, Fletcher 1). Vapel.
ELEVENTH REG LM EN P.
This regiment wasorganized .April 26th, 1861, for three
month's service. .After a short period of drill it was, on
the 27th of May, ordered forward to guard the Philadel-
phia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, some bridges
on which had been destroyed. Company E, Captain
Johnson, was stationed at Charlestown. On the 18th of
June the regiment went via Baltimore and Harrisburg to
Chambersburg, thence to Hagerstown, Md. On the 20th
of June, it was placed in the brigade commanded by
Colonel (afterward General) Abercrombie, and on the
2nd of July crossed the Potomac at Williamsport under
that commander and was actively engaged in the battle
at trailing Water, in which the forces of Jackson were put
to flight. In this action three of Company E James
Morgan, Daniel R. Stiles and Nelson Headen were
wounded. After this fight the company went with the
brigade to Martinsburg, thence to Bunker Hill, and on
the 17th of July to Charlestown. Here, as the expira.
<^
tion of tlieir term of enlistment approached, General
Patterson had the nth paraded and requested the men to
remain some days beyond this term. He asked them to
signify their willingness to do so by bringing their arms
to a shoulder at the word. When the order was given
every musket was shouldered. By arrangement the
regiment was re-mustered for three years after its muster-
out and allowed to retain its number.
The field and staff officers of the iith regiment were
as follows : Colonel, Phaon Jarrett; lieutenant colonel,
Richard Coulter ; major, William D. Earnest; adjutant,
F. Asbury Awl; quartermaster, William H. Hay; surgeon,
Willian T. Babb; assistant surgeon, H. B. Buchler.
COMPANY E
of this company was recruited at Pittston; mustered
in Ajjril 21st, 1S61; and consisted of the men named
below :
Officers — John B. Johnson, captain; John B. Fish, first
lieutenant; Thomas DeKetta, second lieutenant; William
E. Sees, first sergeant; Samuel Hodgdon, second sergeant;
William C. Blair, third sergeant; Francis C. Woodhouse,
fourth sergeant; Jacob F"ell, first corporal; George
Cleaver, second corporal; Cornelius Vanscoy, third cor-
poral; Charles F. Stewart, fourth corporal; James D.
Giddings and Thomas Helm, musicians.
Prh'ates — Henry Aulbert, Charles Bird, Samuel Beard,
Ervin S. Barnes, John S. Benedick, Alfred B. Bradley,
John Blair, Edward H. Berry, Abraham Creamer, David
Creamer, George Chamberlain, Bartholomew Coggins,
Patrick D. Curry, Jeffrey Cummings, Asa J. Carlin,
William H. Crawford, John Davis, James Dunkley,
Charles Decker, Henry W. Elbridge, William Fausnaught,
William B. Ferris, Thomas F. Gilmore, Thomas Hoffman,
Nelson Hedden, Joseph D. Hampton, James P. Hunter,
Robert High, Charles Hamilton, John W. Humphreys,
Joseph Jones, John Jarrett, John B. Kelly, Aaron
Lamberson, Frank Lovvder, Henry Leader, John Mackey,
James Morgan, James Miller, David Newhard, William
Plant, John Perkins, James Powers, William L. Russell,
Thomas Russell, Milton B. Repass, Thomas Robinson,
Edward J. Schooley, James E. Smith, John A. Shepherd,
John Shannon, Martin M. Smith, John Snyder, Daniel
R. Stiles, William H. Small, Daniel Taylor, John Tliom-
linson, Charles Vanderbergh, L,ewis Wagoner, Daniel
\Villiams, David H. Williamson, William Williams, James
Wagoner, David B. Wiley, Edward Welsh, Harrison B.
Ward.
FIFTEENTH REGIMENT.
This was organized at Camp Curtin May ist, 1861.
May 9th the regiment went to Camp Johnston, near Lan-
caster, where the men were well drilled and disciplined.
June 3d they moved to near Chambersburg, and were
assigned to General Negley's brigade of General Keim's
division. June i6th the regiment with its brigade marched
to the vicinity of Hagerstown. On the 2nd of July it
crossed the Potomac with the army and Negley's brigade,
which followed a road that diverged from the main line
of march, threw forward Company I with a company from
another regiment as skirmishers. These suddenly came
upon a battalion of Ashby's cavalry, disguised as Union
troops, and before they suspected their true character
Lieutenant John B. Hutchinson and a portion of Com-
pany I were made prisoners, the first sergeant having
been shot. They had even obeyed an order from Ashby
to let down the fence between them, mistaking the cavalry
for friends. Pursuit witho\it cavalry was unavailing, and
these men were hurried to Richmond, and thence through
the south to New Orleans, where they were kept till that
city fell into the possession of the Federal troops, when
they were sent to Salisbury and soon afterward exchanged.
Si.x of their number, however, had died from exposure
and hardship. On the 3d the regiment reached Martins-
burg, where it remained till the r5th; then marched suc-
cessively to Bunker Hill, Charleston, Hagerstown and
Carlisle, where it encamped on the 27th, and was mus-
tered out on the 7th of August.
The colonel of the isth regiment was Richard A. Oak-
ford; lieutenant-colonel, Thomas Biddle; major, Stephen
N. Bradford; adjutant, John R. Lynch, of Wilkes-Barre,
quartermaster, Jacob Rice; surgeon, A. P. Meylerl; as-
sistant surgeon, R. H. Little.
Company A was recruited at Scranton, Companies B
and C at Pittston, and D and G at Wilkes-Barre. Com-
pany A was mustered in on the 26th, B on the 23d, C on
the 27th, and D on the 22nd of April, 1861. The mem-
bership of these companies is shown by the following list:
COMP.-iNY A.
Officers. — John Bradley, captain; Sylvester Shively,
first lieutenant; John E. Force, second lieutenant; Free-
man J. Coisier, first sergeant; Cliarles Russell, second
sergeant; William H. Miller, third sergeant; Joseph A.
Dixon, fourth sergeant; William H. Dixon, first corporal;
Edward G. Kichline, second corporal; Philip W. Cool,
third corporal; Norman R. Coe, fourth corporal; Rufus
Walten, Bernard Elbert, musicians.
Privates. — Abraham Bittender, Charles W. Bitzenberg-
er. Nelson Betron, William Burke, Chauncey Bennett,
George Brink, Jeremiah Briggs, Edwin J. Burr, Isaac
Cornell, Murt Cunningham, Theodore B. Combs, Mark
Croll, Patrick Cassiday, Michael F. Connor, David Carey.
Jonhson A. Cornwall, Samuel Day, John Delacey, Wil-
liam Derr, John Decker, Andrew Dyer, Elijah Detrick,
Walter H. Ellis, Jacob W. Evans, George W. Fell, John
R. Hanyon, Preserved S. Hall, James Hinckley, John
Hetherby, Stephen 'Haly, Ulysses W. Hutchinson, Nelson
Haggarty, Walter R. Hopkins, Sylvester Hinckley, Harry
L. Knoor, George L. Kater, Alfred W. Leteer, Fletcher
Line, Joseph M'Daniel, Irvin M'Mustrie, John M'Cor-
mick, Dennis M'Carty, Patrick Malone, John W. Mar-
shall, Conrad Miller, Nicholas Miller, Alexander Neely,
Isaac Pierce, Owen Phillips, George Parker, W^atkins
Powell, Noel B. Parker, William Patter, Oliver R. Ross,
Stephen Remaly, Wesley Remaly, Levi Roushy, Charles
Stetler, Samuel Stetler, Barton Senburg, George E. Shafer,
Levi D. Westfall, George A. Wolcott, Hiram White, Rufus
Walters.
COMPANY B.
Officers — Anthony Brown, captain; Andreas Frey, first
lieutenant; George Dick, second lieutenant; Henry
Teufel, first sergeant; Charles Aicher, second sergeant;
Joseph Kaiser, third sergeant; Leo Steuer, fourth ser-
geant; Albert Feist, first corporal; Joseph Steuer, second
corporal; John Kolb, third corporal; Herman Kaspar,
fourth corporal; Anthony Wallinger, William Eshelman,
musicians.
<^
I
4-
fifti:i:n III regiment, companies c, n and g.
«o3
Privates. — Samuel Barry, Lewis Hausher, Eiiliraini
Clauser, Robert Dowd, Ferdinand Durve, Frederick
Dresde, Edward Dames, Jnse|)h Eisenstein, William
Egensen, Adam Engraff, John N. Fass, John Martin
Fritz, William H. Faethr, Rudolph Feist, Adam Ferne-
kees, Michael Flad. John Filling. Jacob Fisher, Henry
Fullmer, Elbridge Gerald, Frederick Griineberg, Conrad
Grab, John Gobel. I'eter Ganibel, Andreas Hilbert, Fred-
eric k Holman, Reinhold Hummel, Jacob Kien/.le, Otto
Kaiser, Charles Kessler. Georae Kun/elmin. Jolin Keller,
Tobias Kelber, Peter Krel/, Valentine Kliiigler, William
Kieffer, Joseph Louse, Israel Merehenter, Christian
Marsh, Irvin Morton, Jacob Matter, Samuel Matter,
Nicholas Morse, Philip Mishlish, Josejih H. Marshall,
Adam Massholder, Henry S. O. Neils, Lewis Ott, Noah
Parks, George B. Parsons. Frederick Roser, John Rader,
Joseph Rupple, Jacob Reizel, Daniel Shanz, Jacob Shazle,
lohn Schmidt, lohn Stark, Frederick Sholl, Jacob M.
Shmidt, lohn Sholl, James R. Shmidt, Jacob Wolf, Ed-
ward We'dle, David Willard, Felix Wolf.'
CO.Ml'ANY C.
Officers. — Christian Robinson, captain; Frederick Wei-
chcl, first lieutenant; Charles Robinson, first lieutenant;
Willi.Tm Stein, second lieutenant; John R. Jones, jr, sec-
ond lieutenant; .Anthony Ferres, second sergeant; Charles
Croner, third sergeant; .Adam Pantle, fourth sergeant;
Lewis J. (iratz, first corporal; Joseph Mehlbaum, second
corporal; William Locher, third corporal; Frederick
Wagner, fourth corporal; Frederick Berger and Jacob
Engel, musicians.
Privates. — Matthew l?reithaupt, William Bechtold,
George Birkel, F'rederick Biel, .Adam Bon, Robert Camp-
bell, Michael Duvrick, Charles Erhard, Charles Elm,
Frederick Emrich, Christian Emrich, Henry Faller, Wil-
liam Frantz. Henry Frasch, Ellis Futtere, Barnabas
Ganther, Frederick Goehrs. Peter Gimnich, John Hatchen,
P. and C. Hartman, Peter Hess, John Hoffman, Owen Han-
cock, Charles Houseman, Sylvester Harrman, .Adam Koch,
John Kammer, Philip Kleinman, Delos P. Kapp, William
Korr, Frederick Kunzelman, Charles Lennich, Frederick
Lewis, Charles Miller, Nicholas Miller, George Moser,
Grififith Morris, Charles Neuffer, Charles Nessle, John
Niemayer, Casper Newcomer, ('harles Pontius, Jacob
Reipert, Jacob Rosar, William Roehm ist, William
Roehm 2nd, Jacob Re|)er, (iustavus Rifford, Christian
Schuter, Philip Schneider, Philip Schweitzer, Jose|)h
Schremsen, Henry Stahl, William Schmitt, Peter Schnei-
der, Matthew Schneider, Francis Schmitt, Frederick
Teufel, Patrick Thomas, Daniel Weinig, Charles Worth,
Frederick Wagner, (ieorge Wachtle, Charles Weisgarber,
Morris Zwick, Charles Zang.
COMP.ANV U.
Officers. — Solomon Strumer, captain; Daniel Dobra,
first lieutenant; Jacob C. Holm, second lieutenant; Mar-
cus K. Bishop, first sergeant; John Gebhart, second ser-
geant; (ieorge Schaffer, third sergeant; Nicholas Smith,
fourth sergeant; Rudolj)!! .Snialtz, first corporal; The-
ophilus H. Stees, second corporal; James Evans, third
corporal; Frantz Gebhart, fourth corporal; William
Fuegline and Charles Richter, musicians.
Privates. — .Ale.xander .Anderson, Lewis Brand, Amos
Boyer, Peter Borer, Irving Berry, CJeorge Berner, Fred-
erick Badenstelt, John Bfund. Charles Cluss, Christian
Capp, John Chatham, Daniel Chubb, Philip Chubb, Mi-
chael Dorsh, John Dippre, Jacob Drum, .Alexander Dick,
Philip Engert, John Engelman, Anthony Fisher, Charles
Ferguson, William Fenner, Henry Gol)ert, Sydney W.
Glace, Peter Hushback. Henry Hushback, Ferdinand
Hess. Godfried Hither, Peter Kralch, John Konr.id,
.Nicholas Lobshier, Michael Lifler, (Ieorge T. Leebrick,
Cyreneus Murray. David P. Miller, .Anthony Mindcn-
dorfer, William M' Donald, George W. Nevelf, Sti-phen
Oswald. (Charles Phafley. Edward Reman. Charles Ru-
beck. Julius Rhote, James Ryeon, Christian Schmuck,
Ja<()l) Silks, (Jeorge S])echt, L'Irich .Sjjalinger, Frantz
Schibel, Edward S( holl, James Smith, Lewis Schweitzer,
John Sttiner, Dr. John Steiner. Conrad Stouter, John
Tritchler, Nebmuke X'olbnaii. Melton Weigner, Hennas
We.-ke, Jacob U olf, John E. Will, Paul Wen'izel, Thoman
N'oiing, Jacob Zimmmerman.
CO.MHA.W u.
Officers. — Thomas NLngovern, captain ; Thoma.s .A.
Nichols, first lieutenant; .Alexander Phillips, second lieu-
tenant; John Eskings, first sergeant; Richard W. Jack-
son, second sergeant; George S. Kilhorn, third sergeant;
David (iarbet, fourth sergeant; [olin Magar, first corporal;
James Phillips, second corporal; Jesse B. .Scott, third
corporal; Lewis Wo(<d(uff, fourth corporal; Warner W.
Pins and Hiram Foster, musicians.
Privates. — William .Asiings, Josiah Bios, Leonard Bron-
son, Peter -Barber, Patrick liuike, .Albert Brown, Henry
C. Bopst, John Cunningham, William Clave, Paul Cool,
Halley Compton, George Chamberl.iin, I'airick Cahil,
.Allen Cassidy. Dennis Carannagh, Willi.im Carroll, Nelson
M. Davenport, Richard D.iirs, George Deckins, D.ivid
Davis, jr., Evan Evans, Luke Gram, John tlrat'.on, Wil-
liam Griffiths, David (Irifiilhs, George Given, .Abraham
Hantz, Edward Hollern, Is.-'ac Hontz, Ebenezcr Jones,
Dwight Jones, John Jones, Isaiah Jones. William Jenkins,
Eilward Kiterick, Samuel .M. Kaufman, Enoch Lloyd,
William Lynch, .Asbury Lucas, Michael .\Iooiiey, William
Morgan, Edward Morgan, James Mickle, .Anthony
M'Dermot, John .M'Gee, Henry .Miller, David .M'Gahen.
-Alexander Palmatory, William Reese, Paul Rimple, John
Roberts, Edward Smith, John Smith, .Andrew Scott.
James Smith, Edward Sheldon. Stephen Simes, John
Shanghey, Jeremiah 'J'homas, Dillon Taylor, Thaddeus
Wagner, George Welsh, Charles Walker, George Wolff.
CHAPTER .\VI.
LUZERNF. IN THK I IVII, WAR 1 UK 1 \VK\rV-l:ir.H IH
REGIMENT.
HIS regiment was raised by John W. Geary, a
distinguished citizen, and veteran of the Mex-
ican war, who was its colonel, and who was
finally promoted to the position of major
leral, and in 1867 and 1870 elected governor of
the State. It consisted of fifteen companies, ot
which Conii)anies A and N were recruited in Lu-
zerne county. The regiment was first uniformed and
equipped at the expense of Colonel Geary.
.Authority was given to raise this regiment in June,
1 86 1, and on the 27th of July the colonel with ten com-
panies went forward to Harper's Ferry, leaving the other
five to follow when full. The disaster at Bull Run had
rendered this haste necessary.
II
" VJU '
I04
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
August i3tli tlie regiment moved to Point of Rocks,
and engaged in ])icket duty along twenty-five miles of
the frontier, on the Potomac. The disloyalty of the in-
habitants was such that a picket post was required every
four hundred yards, and the utmost watchfulness was
necessary to jjrevent treasonable communications. In
the latter jiart of September the rebels attacked Point of
Rocks, but were repulsed. In October the colonel with
a part of the regiment crossed into Virginia to seize and
carry away a quantity of wheat, and when about to re-
turn they were attacked by a large force and a s|)irited
fight ensued. The enemy were repulsed with considera-
ble loss. In the latter part of the same month the com-
mand went forward to participate in the action at Ball's
Bluff. During three months the regiment was on duty
along the Potomac, and had frequent skirmishes with the
enemy. In the latter part of February, 1S62, it crossed
to Harper's Ferry, drove the enemy from Bolivar Heights,
crossed the Shenandoah and drove the rebels from Lou-
don Heights; then pushed forward to Lovellsville, Water-
ford and Leesburg, which (General A. P. Hill abandoned
on the approach of Colonel Geary's force, and which was
occujjied by the Union troojjs. From Leesburg the
comtnand advanced to Snickerville, Upperville, Ashhy's
Gap, Rectortown, Piedmont, Markham and Front Royal.
Returning to Snickerville the force was joined by a por-
tion of the 28th that had been left at Leesburg. They
then marched successively, fighting occasionally, to Phile-
mont, Middlebury, White Plains, Thoroughfare Gap,
Greenwich, Catlett's Station, Warrentown and White
Plains; and for some time, till about May ist, guarded
and repaired the Manassas Railroad.
April 25th, Colonel Geary was commissioned brigadier
general of volunteers, and was succeeded as colonel by
Lieutenant Colonel De Korponay. Major Tyndall was
made lieutenant colonel, and he was succeeded by Cap-
tain Ario Pardee, jr. The 28th was soon afterward, or
about the 17th of May, attached to the command of
General Geary, and its subsequent history is so closely
connected with that of his brigade that to give it fully
would require a history of all the movements of that
brigade. It was attached to the corps of General Banks
at the time of the retreat from Virginia, and was engaged
in the battle of Antietam. It also took part in the battles
of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg.
In September, 1864, the iith and 12th corps were or-
dered to join the .'Krmy of the Cumberland. From this
time forward the 2Sth was attached to the army of Gen-
eral Sherman, and participated in many battles, which
cannot even be enumerated here for want of space. In
November, 1864, with the rest of Sherman's army, it
made the famous "march to the sea." After doing duty
about a mo'nth in Savannah, it started across the Caro-
linas, which was the severest part of the march from .'\t-
lanta. As is well known, the surrender of Lee and
Johnston concluded the fighting of the war; and the regi-
ment was mustered out of the service on the i8th of
July, 1865.
During its service of four years it lost about as many
men as were originally on its muster roll. It is said that
it was as often engaged as any regiment in the service,
but that it never permitted any kind of property belong-
ing to it to fall into the hands of the enemy. One major
general and three brigadiers were furnished by it ; among
the latter was Ario Pardee, jr.
The term of enlistment of this regiment was three
years. .-^11 the members of Company N remaining in the
service until October 28th, 1862, were transferred at tha*
date to Company C of the 147th Pennsylvania vol-unteers.
The first date given in the following roll is that of muster-
in, and as the year is 1861, except in case of recruits, it
need not be repeated. The regimental officers and men of
Company A, where not otherwise mentioned, were mus-
tered out with the regiment July i8th, 1S65:
FIELD .AND STAFF OFFICERS.
Colonels. — John W. Geary, June 28; promoted brigadier
general U. S. volunteers April 25, 1862; wounded at
Bolivar, Cedar Mountain and Chancellorsville; promoted
major general Jan. 12, 1865. Gabriel De Korponay, June
28; promoted from lieutenant colonel to colonel A])ril
25, 1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 2(1,
7863. Thomas J. Ahl, July 11; promoted from captain
Company H to colonel March 15, 1863; resigned March
18, 1864. John Flynn, July i; wounded at Gettysburg
July 3, 1863, and at North Edisto river, S. C, Feb. 12,
1865; promoted lieutenant colonel, Dec. 12, 1863; to
colonel June g, 1864; brevet brigadier general May 13,
1865; discharged Nov. 3, 1865; veteran.
Lii'ittemiiit Colonels. — Hector Tyndale, June 28; pro-
moted lieutenant colonel Apr. 25, 1862; wounded at An-
tietam. Sept. 17, 1862; promoted brigadier general volun-
teers Nov. 29, 1862; discharged Mar. 18, 1863. James
Fitzpatrick, June 28; promoted major Mar. 27, 1864;
lieutenant colonel Aug. 9, 1864; wounded at Antietam
Sept. 17, 1862; at Mill Creek Gap May 8, 1864.
Majors. — Ario Pardee, jr., June 28; promoted major
Nov. I, 1861; lieutenant colonel 147th regiment October
9, 1S62. William Raphail, July 3; promoted major, July
I, 1862; resigned Jan. 15, 1863. Robert Warden, July
28; promoted major Apr. 25, 1862; died at Winchester,
Va., June 30, 1862. Lans'd F. Chapman, July 6; pro-
moted major Jan. 22, 1863; killed at Chancellorsville
May 3, 1863. Jacob D. Arner, July 6; promoted major
June I, 1S65.
Adjutants. — Samuel Goodman, Oct. 15; promoted to
adjutant Nov. 13, 1861; discharged .A.ug. 3, 1S64; brevet
captain, major, lieutenant colonel and colonel. Mar. 13,
1865. Henry Cheesman, July 11; promoted adjutant
July 28, 1864; discharged Feb. 8, 1865. William S. Wit-
ham, July 2; promoted adjutant June i, 1865.
Quartermasters. — Benjamin F. Lee, June 28; resigned
Sept. 10, 1862, to accept commission as captain and A.
C. S. John F. Nicholson, June 28; promoted from com-
mission sergeant to ciuartermaster Sept. 10, 1862; brevet
captain, major and lieutenant colonel. Mar. 13, 1862.
Surgeons. — H. Ernest Goodman, July 23; transferred
to U. S. V. as assistant surgeon, to date Feb. 26, 1864;
brevet colonel and surgeon in chief. Army of Georgia.
William Altman, Dec. 17, 1862; promoted surgeon. May
8, 1864.
Assistant Surgeons. — Samuel Logan, June 28: resigned
Oct. 3, 1862. William M. Dorland, Aug. i, 1862; re-
signed Nov. 27, 1862. John H. Mullin, Oct. 15, 1862;
resigned Apr. 17, 1863. William F". Smith, June 3, 1863;
])romoted surgeon Dec. 23, 1864, and transferred to 73d.
Abin H. Light, May 23, 1864.
COMPANY A, TWENTY-EI(;iITlI I'KNNSYLVANIA VOLUNTKKRS.
'°5
1'
Chaf<lains. — Charles W. Heisley, Nov. :; resigned July
iS, 1863. N. 15. Critchfiekl, Mny 22, 1864.
SV/xi-d/// J/ii/ofs. — James C. Siiiiili, June 28; promoted
sergeant major. .Aug. i, 1S64; ist lieutenant Company C
28th I'a., July 8, 1865. Thomas Monroe.June 28; jtronioted
sergeant major .Vug. i, 1864; ist lieutenant Company C
July 7, 1863. Samuel V. McKce, June 28; ])ronioted ser-
geant major July 20, 1861; aujutant 147th, Dec. i, 1862.
Thomas McCune. July i; i)romoted sergeant major Sept.
10, 1861; disciiarged on surgeon's certificate, Feb. 26,
1S63. Michael H. Pevine, July i; promoted sergeant
major I'"eh. 26. 1863; discharged on suigeon's certificate
.\ug. 14, 1863. Edward D. Foulke, July 6; jiromoted
sergeant major Dec i, 1863; reduced to ranks and
transferred to C'ompany D -Aug. i, 1864. R. A. Kerri-
hard, June 28; promoted sergeant major Aug. 15, 1863;
killed at Taylor Ridge, Ga., Nov. 27, 1863.
Qiiartiimaiti-r Serjeants. — Wesley Hamilton, July i;
])ronioted quartermaster sergeant Apr. 8, 1865. David
B. Hilt, July 20; promoted (luartermaster sergeant July
20, 1861; discharged on surgeon's certificate Aug. 17,
1862.
Commissary Sfigeaiit!.. — Albert J. \Vatt, July i; pro-
moted commissary sergeant Sei)t. i, 1863. J. H. I-ippin-
cott, June 2 1; promoted commissary sergeant Sept. 10,
1862; transferred to Company H, Sept. i, 1863.
Hos[<ital StcuHirJs. — P. S. C. Hough, July 1 1 ; promoted
hos])ital steward, Nov. 24, 1863. James Kemble, July
24; promoted hospital steward July 24, iS6j; discharged
Nov. 24, 1862, and promoted hospital steward U. S. A.
CO.MP.ANV \.
Officfis {iiiiistcrcd ill June 28, 1861 . — Captains — .Ario
Pardee, jr., promoted major twenty-eighth regiment
Pennsylvania volunteers Nov. i, 7861. James Fit/-
patrick, |)romoted captain Jan. i, 1862 ; major Mar. 27,
1864; veteran. James Silliman, jr., promoted from cor-
poral to first sergeant July i, 1861 ; second lieuienani
Jan. I, 1862 ; first lieutenant July i, 1862 ; captain -Aug.
16, 1864. First lieutenant — Ceorge Marr, ])romoted first
sergeant July 12, 1863; first lieutenant Oct. i, 1S64.
Second lieutenants — John Corman, resigned Dec. 31, 1861.
Isaiah B. Robinson, jiromoted from sergeant Jan. i, 1862;
killed July 20, 1864, at Peach Tree Creek, Ga. ^Villiam
Airey, promoted corporal Jan. i, 1863; sergeant July
12, 1863 ; first sergeant Oct. i, 1864 ; second lieutenant
June I, 1865. First sergeants — Smith Durst, ])romoted
corporal Jan. i, 1863; sergeant July 12, 1863 ; first
sergeant June i, 1865. Samuel F. .M'Kee, promoted
sergeant major twenty-eighth regiment Pennsylvania
volunteers July 20, t86i. Sergeants — George W. YA-
dinger, wounded ; promoted corporal Feb. i, 1863-; ser-
geant Jan. 1,1864, Patrick M'Shay, promoted corporal
Jan. 1, 1863; sergeant Oct. i, 1864. William H. Wolf,
promoted corporal Jan. i, 1864; sergeant Feb. i, 1865.
George Burt, wounded ; promoted sergeant June 1, 1865.
William M'Donald, discharged on surgeon's certificate
Jan. 16, 1863. Robert .A. Kerrihard, promoted sergeant
major twenty-eighth regiment Pennsylvania volunteers
.Aug. 15, 1863. Thomas Monroe, wounded at Chancel-
lorsville ; promoted sergeant major twenty-eighth regi-
ment Pennsylvania volunteers Aug. i, 1864; veteran.
John I). I.ockhart, died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Dec. 11,
1862. Robert I. Carter, died July 12, 1S63, at Philailel-
phia, of wounds received at Chancellorsvillc. William
Wylie, died at Philadelphia Nov. 26, 1862. .Archibald
Nesbit, promoted '..ergeant Sept. 30, 1862 ; mustered out
July 2, 1864. Corporals — Dennis Laughlin, Joseph H.
Cornet, William H. Doak and James Shirey, promoted
corporal Jan. i, 1864. Thomas Karley, promoted cor-
poral Oct. 1, 1864. Henry Hembach, Feb. 26, 1864 ;
14
promoted corporal Feii. i, 1865. Alexander W. Self-
ridge, discharged Fel). 28, 1 862,10 receive commission as
second lieutenant Comp.my H forty-sixth regiment Penn-
^ylvania volunteers. Beriah Pratt, discharged for
wounds Nov. 29, 1S62. William W. Jamts, discharged
on surgeon's certificate Dec 7, 1862. William P. Cort-
right. discharged on surgeon's ceriifiraie Jan. 15. 1863.
William Horn, discharged Feb. 19, 1863, for wounds
nceived at Antietam. James C. Smith, promoted ser-
geant major July 1, 1865 ; veteran. Musicians— Frank
Harkins, Feb. 9, 1864. I'rcderick Spoh;i. promoted prin-
cipal musician Sept. 14, 1862. William F. Simpson,
promoted second principal musician Mch. i, 1864. John
R. Young, Feb. 14. 1865 ; deserted June 20, 1S65.
Piiiuili-s. — John Anderson, Jan. 26. 1864. Henry
Albert, Feb. 14, 1865. Phineas W. Ash, June 28 ; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate, Nov. 29,1862. Samuel
.Armpriester, .Aug. 29. 1864 ; discharged by general order,
.May 23, 1865. Joseph Achuff, Mch. 3, 1865; discharged
by general order, May 23, 1865. James Alwell, Nov. 7,
1864; discharged by general order. May 23, 1865. An-
thony .Albert. Feb. 14, 1865 ; deserted June 20, 1865.
Edwin M. .Alsfield, Feb. 13, 1865 ; discharged by general
order. May 23. 1865. .Amos Buzzard, Feb. 15, 1865.
Isaac Buzznrd, Feb. 14. 1865. (Jeorge Bachman, Feb.
14, 1865. Jacob R. Black, ".\Ich. 2, 1865. Charles F.
Brong, Mch. 9, 1865. John Barringer and Isaac Barrin-
ger, Dec. 22, 1864 ; drafted. Josiah Buzzard, Feb. 14,
1865 ; mustered out .Aug 9, 1865. Christian F. Bender.
Feb. 20, 1865 ; mustered out July 14, 1865. Henry W.
Beers, June 28; discharged on surgeon's certificate, Jan.
15, 1863. John Brennan and Henry E. Brown, discharg-
ed on surgeon's certificate. John Brown, June 28; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate. Jesse Beahm, June 28,
discharged July 20, 1864. Francis Barker. Aug. 11. 1816;
1864 ; discharged by general order, June 2, 1865. Patrick
Boyle, June 28; deserted July 17, 1862. Burton Bur-
well, Feb. 14, 1865; discharged by general order, .May
23, 1865. John Behrens, June 28: absent, in arrest, at
muster out ; veteran. Joseph N. Conklin, Feb. 14, 1865.
Henry Collins, Feb. 17, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster
out. Thomas Cunningham and John Campbell. June
28, 1861 ; discharged July 20, 1864. Reuben Clay well,
June 28; killed at .Antietam, .Sept. 17, 1862. Daniel
C'ampbfll, June 28; deserted June 29, 1863; returned
.April II, 1865. Hugh Dolan, June 28. Eugene Durst,
Ian. 22, 1864. Paul Deer. Feb. 14, 1865. John F.
Decker, June 28; discharged on surgeon's certificate,
Feb. 28, 1863. .Abraham Depue and Eli Dout, June 28,
1861; dischargetl July 20, 1864. George H. Dunham,
Feb. 24, 1864 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate, June
30, 1865. John Dean, June 28; died May 18, 1863, of
wounds received at Chancellorsville. William H. Drake,
Feb. 16, 1865; discharged by general order. May 2-^,
1865. George 1-ike. Feb. 24, 1864. Peter Fox, Feb. 25,
1864. Christopher Fagan, June 28; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate; date unknown. Peter Fagen, June 28;
discharged on surgeon's certificate, Aug. 18, 1863. Charles
Furry, June 28; discharged Mrh. 4, 1863, for wounds
received at Antietam. James Fowler and Nicholas Faich-
ter, June 28, 1861: discharged July 20, 1864. John
Fatkins, June 28; transferred to sixth regiment U. S.
cavalry, Nov. i, 1862. John W. Funk, 1-eb. 14, 1865;
deserted June 20, 1865. James Furlong, Feb 24, 1865;
deserted. Benjamin F. Godshalk, Mch. 11, 1865; absent,
sick, at muster out. Jacob Graur, Jan. 28, 1864; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate, July 11, 1865. James
Givens, June 28; discharged on surgeon's certificate.Mch.
10, 1863. Henry Grow, John Girard and John W. Gcn-
sil, June 28, 1861 • discharged July 20, 1864. Charles
Grum. June 28: wommiIiiI- mn^irriil out .Aug. 8. 1S64.
4>
1 06
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
4.
Henry Grum, June 28; killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863.
Charles Godley, Feb. 20, 1865; deserted June 20, 1865.
John Heater, June 28. William H. Herman, Jan. 26,
1865. Henry C. Hess, Feb. 10, 1865. George W.'Houck,
Feb. 20, 1865. Christian Hogland, Feb. 14, 1865; absent,
sick, at muster out. John Holler. Harrison Hill and
Jacob Hehr, June 28, 1861; discharged July 20, T864.
John P. Hay, Feb. 14, 1865: discharged on surgeon's
certificate, June 8, 1865. William H. Hartzell. William
P. Innes and John A. Innes, Feb. 14, 1865; discharged
by general order. May 23, 1865. Aaron F. Knauss, Feb.
17, 1865. Joseph Karns, Dec. 22, 1864; drafted; mus-
tered out with company, July 18, 1865. Edward Kale,
July 25; discharged July 20, 1864. William Kortz, June
28; discharged July 20, 1864. Ezra H. Kindred, Feb.
24, 1864; discharged by general order, June 20, 1865.
Andrew Kunkle, June 28; killed at Anlietam, Md., Sejit.
17, 1862. James Laughlin, Feb. 16, 1864. John E.
Lerch, Feb. 18, 1865. Joseph Little, June 28; discharged
on surgeon's certificate, Dec. 18, 1862. Edward Little-
ton, July 17; discharged on surgeon's certificate, June 14,
1864. Jacob Lambert, June 28; discharged July 20, 1864.
George Langham, September 5, 1863 ; drafted ; dis-
charged for wounds December 3, 1864. Theodore
Labar, Feb. 14, 1865; deserted June 17, 1865. Isaac
Labar, Feb. 20, 1865 ; deserted June 18, 1865. Adam
Lehm, Feb. 16, 1865 ; discharged by general order May
23, 1865. George Mowrie, June 28. Barney Maloy, Feb.
12, 1862. Robert Monroe, Feb. 14, 1864. John Magee,
Feb. 14, 1864. Patrick Martin, June 28; wounded at
Chancellorsville; discharged July 20, 1864. William H.
Moyer, June 28; captured at Gettysburg June 3, 1863;
discharged July 20, 1864. Josiah Mowrie, June 28;
discharged July 20, 1864, Stephen Myers, Feb. 20, 1865;
discharged on surgeon's certificate June 30, 1865. Samuel
Minig, June 28 ; transferred to i6th U. S. infantry Jan.
23, 1S62. John Maloney, June 28; killed at Antietam,
Md., September 17, 1862. Nicholas Marx, Feb. 26, 1864;
died at Bridgeport, Ala., May i, 1864. William H.
Morgan, Jan. 29, 1864; Killed at Pine Hill, Ga., June 15,
1864. Daniel M'Geichan, Feb. 12, 1862 ; wounded.
William M'Daniels, Feb. 14, 1865, Alexander M'Kech-
ney, June 28; wounded at Antietam; discharged July 20,
1864. Henry M'Donald, June 28; discharged July 20,
1864. James D. M'Curley, June 28; wounded at Antie-
tam; discharged July 20, 1864. John M'Hoes, Feb. 16,
1865; discharged June 20, 1865. Joseph Nuss, Feb.
15, 1865. Joseph Nixon, June 28; discharged July 20,
1864. William H. Nixon, Feb. 20, 1865; discharged on
surgeon's certificate June 27, 1865. Patrick O'Donnell,
May I, 1864; drafted; mustered out with company July
18, 1865. John B. Penrose and James Petrie, June 28, 186 1 ;
discharged July 20, 1864. Martin Pysher, Feb. 20, 1865;
discharged by general order June 17, 1865. John Petrie,
June 28; died June 12, 1863, of wounds received at
Chancellorsville. Patrick Quinn, June 28; killed at An-
tietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Isaac Rough. June 28.
William Roseberry, Feb. 14, 1865. John G. Richardt,
Feb. 14, 1865. Jefferson Rightnour, Sept. 5, 1863; draft-
ed. Jacob Rough, June 28; discharged on surgeon's
certificate March 28, 1863. Jacob Rosenstock, June 28;
wounded at Chancellorsville; discharged July 20, 1864.
Robert Roling. James M. Rodenbaugh, Feb, 13, 1865;
discharged by general order May 23, 1865. Washington
H. Smith, June 28. William P. Shaver, Jan. 29, 1864.
William H. Salmon, Feb. 24, 1864. Edward N. Smith,
Feb. 18, 1865. Aaron Serfass, March i, 1865. Harrison
D. Seiple, Mar. i, 1865. Bernard Schlenzing, Jan. 26,
1865. Jackson E. Stoker, Feb. 16, 1865. William H.
Seip, Feb. 13, 1865. Samuel Shank, Nov. 18, 1864;
drafted. Solomon Smith, Sept. 21, 1864; drafted. Jos-
eph Smith, Nov. 4, 1864; drafted; mustered out July 14,
1865. Jacob Shafer, Jan. 10, 1865; drafted; mustered
out July 27, 1865. John Shiiver, Dec. 22, 1864; drafted;
mustered out June 9, 1865. John Smith, June 28; dis-
charged for wounds; date unknown. Daniel Sitler, June
28; discharged July 20, 1864. Joseph Sonn, June 28;
wounded at Antietam; discharged July 20, 1864. John
D.Smith. Paul Staub. John Shugart, June28, 1861;
discharged July 20, 1864. Oscar L. Sprague, Feb. 24,
1864; discharged for wounds May 18, 1865. William E.
Sprague, Jan. 29, 1864; discharged for wounds Feb. 28,
1865. Levi L. Smith, June 28; died at Philadelphi:i
December 13, 1862. Charles Steel, Feb. 18, 1864; killed
at DaUon, Ga., August 18, 1864. Emanuel Spatzer, Jan.
26, 1865; deserted June 17, 1865. Emanuel Stetler, Feb.
15, 1865; deserted June 20, 1865. James W. Smith,
June 28; discharged July 20, 1864. Thomas Tarn, June
28; discharged September 16, 1864. James B. Tweedle,
June 28; discharged July 20, 1864. Anthony Transue,
Feb. 20, 1865; discharged by general order May 23, 1865.
Jacob T. Ultz, Feb. 28, 1865. Jacob Wildman, Jan. 29,
1864. Alexander Wier, Feb. 18,1864. Jacob L, Wal-
ters, Feb. 14, 1S65. Prosper Worg, February 14, 1865.
Thomas Williams, February 20, 1865. Henry Weaver
and Reuben Washburn, June 28, 1861; discharged July
20, 1864. W. H. Whitbread, Feb. 24, 1864; discharged
on surgeon's certificate June 6, 1865. Herman Walters,
September 21, 1864; drafted; deserted June 7, 1865.
Lewis Wilhelm, February 14, 1865; deserted June 20,
1865. Andrew Wilson, March 13, 1865; deserted
June 20, 1865. Samuel R. Yost, June 28, 1861; dis-
charged March 19, 1863, for wounds received at
Antietam.
COMPANY N.
Officets. — Captain, John Craig, Aug. 30. First lieu-
tenants — Patrick J. Hughes, Aug. 20, resigned Dec. 16,
1861; Calvin Pardee, Aug 30, promoted from second to
first lieutenant Dec. 20, 1861. Second lieutenants —
Hugh Hyndman, Aug. 30, promoted from corporal to
second lieutenant Dec. 20, 1861, died Feb. 14, 1862;
Nicholas Glace, Aug. 20, promoted from first sergeant to
second lieutenant Feb. 17, 1862. Sergeants — David
Bryan, Aug. 20, promoted sergeant Feb. 16, 1862; John
Kindland, Aug. 20, reduced Jan. i, 1862; John H.
Kentz, Aug. 26; Alexander Youngst, Aug. 20; Samuel.
Henry, Aug. 30, promoted from corporal to sergeant
Feb. 14, 1862. Corporals — John Grubb, John Lindsc)',
Owen McGovern, John O'Conner, Alfred Reiley and
William T. West, Aug. 20; Emmett Sayres, Aug. 30,
promoted to corporal Jan. i, 1862. Musician — N. F'.
Dunham, Aug. 30.
Privates. — Samuel K. Austin, John .Altmiller, John
Burns, Henry Bloomey, Peter Brown and Eugene Ben-
nett, Aug. 20. Peter Bishop, Aug. 26. Thomas B. Black,
William Butler, David Bahr and Jesse B. Car])enter, Aug.
30. Bryan Dolan, Aug. 20. Charles Drum, Aug. 26.
Russell De Roemer, Jacob Drumheller, .'\ug. 30. Robert
O. Dowda, Aug. 30; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1S62.
Thomas Edgar, Charles Edwards, Wm. A. Eddinger,
William Farrow and William Farmer, Aug. 20. Cyrus B.
Faux, Aug. 26. Lands Frederick, Aug. 26; deserted Feb.
15, 1862. Aaron Green, Aug. 20. Sidney W. Glace, Aug.
26. Andrew Y. Green, Aug. 30; transferred to Knap's Pa.
Battery Oct. 5, 1861. James Hamilton, Aug. 20; killed
at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Aaron Harris, Aug. 20.
George Hughes, Aug. 20; killed at Antietam Sept. 17,
1862. Henry Hartman, Aug. 26. John Hoover, Aug. 26:
killed at Antietam September 17, 1862. John Jacobs,
Aug. 30. C. Knopenberger, Aug. 20; wounded at Anlie-
tam Sept. 17, 1862. Jacob Kimtzman, Aug. 20. Warner
<^
THIRTY-SIXTH PKNNSVI.V AM A VOLUNTEERS.
107
Kcntz, Gus Kemherling, Andrew Kresze and Paulin
Kresze, Aug. 26. William Kern, Aug. 26: disc hargcd on
surgeon's ceruficate June 12, 1862. Josiah H. King and
Geo. W. Kenieron, Aug. 30. John Lewis, Hugii McPon-
ald, John McKinley, John McCorinick and Patrick Mc-
Laughlin, .Aug. 20. Obed McMurtrie, Aug. 26. Samuel
I'". May and Daniel Martin, Aug. 20. John Moy, Aug. 20;
discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 27, i86r.
William Major, Hiram S. Miller and Nelson Mellick.
.\ug. 30. Israel Machessut, .Aug. 26. Edward Oberander,
.Aug. 30. Jesse Pryor and John Powell, Aug. 20. Lewis
Ruty, .Aug. 20; transferred to Knap's Pa. Battery Oct.
29, i86t. Samuel Rough, Shadrack Reese, John Rut-
kdge, James H. Root, Samuel Stookey, Owen Smith,
James Smith and George Spader. Aug, 20. .Archibald \V.
Smith, Aug. 20; transferred to Knaj/s Pa. Battery Oct.
29, 1861. Lewis Schnar, .Aug. 20. Philip Sebias, .Aug. 26;
not on muster-out roll. John Sower, Aug. 26. Daniel
Swank. .Aug. 26; died at Point of Rocks, Md., Oct. 14,
1861. William Steinmetz, George Searles and Edward
Schooley, Aug. 30. Edward Treble and William Tanner,
.\ug. 20. Joseph Van Sickle, Aug. 26; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate Jan. 20, 1862. William Wittick, Aug.
20; discharged A|)ril 24, 1862, for wounds received at
Berlin, Md., Dec. 14, 1861. James Winget, Aug. 20; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 19, i86r. John
Warren and Robert Webster, Aug. 30. August W'illiams,
.\ug. 20. John Youngst, Aug. 30. William Zacharias,
Aug. 26.
CHAPTER .XVII.
l.UZERNK IN THE CIVIL W.AR — IHE 36TH AND 4IST REG-
IMENTS (7TH AND I2TH RESERVES.
'if
^ HE Seventh Reserve regiment was organized
on the 26th of June, 1861. and Elisha B.
>^'\ Harvey, of Wilkes-Barre, was made colonel;
TlJja^U Joseph Totten. of Mechanicsburg. lieutenant
colonel, and Chaunccy .A. Lyman, of Lock Haven,
major.
The regiment was ordered to Washington on the
:;ist of July, and on the 27th was mustered into the ser-
vice of the United States. On the 2nd of August it went
forward to the rendezvous of the Pennsylvania reserves,
and was assigned to the brigade of General George G.
Meade. From this time till October it was engaged in
drilling and picket duty. In the latter month it joined
the army of the Potomac. From this time till March,
1863, but little service beyond drill was seen. When the
.irmy moved forward to the peninsula in April the sev-
enth was retained, with other troops, for the defense of
\\'ashington. In June they went forward to the front
;ind became a part of the 5th corps, under General Fitz-
john Porter. On the 26th of June the battle of Me-
chanicsville, in which the 7th was engaged, was fought.
The next day the battle of Gaines' Mill, in which the
7th also ]iarticipated, took place. Then followed some
marching and skirmishing, in which the regiment was
engaged till the end of the " seven days " fighting. It
then marched " by devious ways " to the vicinity of
Groveton, where on the 29lh and 3cth of August, 1862,
the 7th was engaged. Its next battle was at South
Mountain, where it made an impetuous charge, in which
Colonel Bolinger was severely wounded. .At the battle
of Antietam it was .ictively engaged and lost heavily.
After this battle it moved to the Potomac, and thence, in
the latter part of October, to Warrenton, Va. Thence it
went, in the latter part of November, to the vicinity of
Fredericksburg, where on the iith of December it was
desperately engaged. At this battle it made its most
brilliant record. It made a gallant charge on the corps
of Longstreet, in which it captured more than a hundred
prisoners and a battle-flag — the only one taken in this
action. The losses of the regiment in this action were
heavy.
During the winter following the 7th remained in its
camp near Belle Plain, with the exception of a short time
spent on what is known as the " mud march." In Feb-
ruary, 1863, it was transferred from the field to the
Department of Washington, where it remained, in the
discharge mostly of provost and guard duty, during more
than a year. In this time several changes were made
among the field officers, and Captain L. G. Speese was
promoted to the position of major.
In the latter part of A\m\ it again took the field, and
joined the army at about the commencement of the
Wilderness campaign. In the course of the first action
in which the 7th was engaged a large portion of the regi-
ment was by one of the casualties of war captured, and
the men were sent to the notorious and infamous prison
pen at .Andersonville, Georgia, where they were starved
during nearly eight months. Out of about two hundred
and fifty privates who were taken sixty-seven died in
this prison, and many others afterward by reason of their
hardships and exposure there. The surrender of the
rebel armies to Grant and Sherman opened their prison
doors.
Company F of the regiment whose achievements and
sufferings have just been rcounted, was recruited in Lu-
zerne county. We give below the records of that com-
pany as published by the State. The time of service
was three years. In the roll the date of muster-in is
generally omitted, as in nearly all cases it was June 13th,
i86f; in other cases it is the first date given.
tOMPANV K.
Officers. — Captains — Le Grand B. Speese, promoted
major July 25, 1863. John Robinson, (jromoted sergeant
July 26, 1 861; first sergeant Nov. 12, 1861; second lieu-
tenant August r, 1862; first lieutenant March i, 1863;
captain July 20, 1863; brevet major March 13, 1865;
mustered out with company June 16, 1864. First lieu-
tenants — t'harlis W. Garretson, resigned .Aug. 11. 1862.
James S. Robinson, promoted sergeant July 26, 1861;
sergeant major .April i, 1862; second lieutenant Manh i,
1863; first lieutenant July 20, 1863; mustered out with
company June 16, 1863. Second lieutenants — Charles
A. Lane, resigned July 9, 1862. John B. Laycock, pro-
moted sergeant July 26, 1861; first sergeant Oct. 15,
1862; second lieutenant July 20 1863; brevet first lieu-
tenant March 13, 1865; captured May 5. 1864; dis-
charged March 12, 1865. First sergeants — Levi G.
=i*
McCauley, promoted first lieutenant Company C Jan. i,
1862. Albert Jones, promoted corporal July 26, 1861;
first sergeant Aug. 15, 1S62; died Oct. 15, 1862, of
wounds received at Antietam Sept. 77, 1862. Isaac B.
Tubbs, promoted corporal Aug. 1862; sergeant Oct.,
1863; first sergeant May i, 1S64; missing in action at
Wilderness May 5, 1864; veteran. Sergeants — John S.
Harrison, promoted corporal July 26, 1861; sergeant
Oct. 8, 1863; absent, sick, at muster-out. Thomas
Markle, promoted sergeant July 26, 1861; discharged on
surgeon's certificate June 23, 1862. William Helf, pro-
moted corporal Nov. 1, 1861; sergeant Ncv. 1862; miss-
ing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864; veteran. Jame-
son Bells, promoted corporal July i, 1862; sergeant Nov.,
1862; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864; vet-
eran. James Green, killed at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862.
James S. Haney, Nov. 5 ; killed al White Oak Swamp,
[une
1862
Corporals — Oliver Gregory ; promoted
corporal Oct. 1862 ; wounded Dec. 13, 1862 ; mustered
out with company June 16, 1864. Joseph R. Westner ;
promoted corporal July 26, 1861 ; discharged Oct. 20,
1862, for wounds received at Gaines's Mill, June 27, 1862.
Daniel D. Wilcox, promoted corporal Sept., 1862 ; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 20, 1862. Solo-
mon Taylor, Sept. 14 ; promoted corporal Nov. i, 1861 ;
discharged Oct. 8, 1862, for wounds received at Gaines's
Mill June 27, 1862. Alfred B. Bowman, promoted cor-
poral July 26, 1861 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
Sept. 22, 1 86 1. G. W. Lietington, promoted corporal
Nov., 1862 ; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864;
veteran. Wilson Long, promoted corporal Nov., 1862;
prisoner from May 5 to Dec. 16, 1S64 ; discharged Feb.
27, 1865. John R. Koons, July 19 ; promoted corporal
Nov. 1862 ; prisoner from May 5 to Dec. 11, 1864 ; dis-
charged Mch. 22, 1865. George W. Holmes, killed at
Gaines's Mill, June 27, 1862. Ogdon Hoffman, killed at
White Oak Swamp June 30, 1862. Minor A Britton,
died at Alexandria, Va,, January 10, 1863, of wounds re-
ceived at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Musicians —
George W. Charters, July 27 ; discharged on surgeon's
certificate Dec. 31, 1861. Nathan Kleintop, July 19 ;
promoted principal musician June i, 1862.
Privates. — Robert Ackers, discharged on surgeon's
certificate Oct. 31, 1861. Mark Ashworth, discharged
on surgeon's certificate Mch. 5, 1863. Henry Albert,
killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Hudson Allen, mus-
tered out with company June 16 1864. R. C. Buckalew,
mustered out with company June 16, 1864. George H.
Burrows, July 15 ; discharged Sept. 29, 1862, for wounds
received at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862. Oscar Bucka-
lew, discharged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 17, 1862.
William Bryant, discharged Nov. i8, 1862, for wounds
received at Gaines's Mill June 27, 1862. James N.
Brown, discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 13, 1863,
Andrew Collins, transferred to veteran reserve corps.
Dec. I, 1863. John W. Caranel, killed at Bull Run
Aug. 30, 1862. Alexander Dodson, mustered out with
company June 16, 1864. Elias B. Dodson, mustered
out with company June 16, 1864. Hiram Detrick,
July 15 ; mustered out with companv June 16, 1864.
Samuel R. Daily, Sept. 4, discharged Jan. 11, 1863, for
wounds received at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Franklin
Daily, jr., Sept. 4, transferred to 190th Pennsylvania
May 31, 1864 ; veteran. John Dunmore, Sept. 2 ; trans-
ferred to 190th Pennsylvania May 31, 1S64. Luther
Dodson, prisoner from May 5, 1864, to Feb. 24, 1865 ;
discharged April 7, 1865. Evan B. Dodson, July 26 ;
prisoner from May 5, 1864, to March 9, 1865 ; dis-
charged March 29, 1865. Arch Dunsmore, July 26 ;
missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864 ; veteran.
John Daily, July 15 ; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862.
Charles Dare, July 15 ; deserted Aug. 19, 1862. Daniel
Edwards, July 15 ; discharged February 5, 1S63, for
wounds received at Gaines's Mill June 27, 1862. Alex-
ander Emmons, prisoner from May 5 to December 10,
1864; discharged February 27, 1865. Byron Fairchild,
transferred to veteran reserve corjjs July 15, 1863.
Franklin Flora, wounded, with lossof arm June 30, 1862 ;
discharged Oct. 3, 1862. John P. Fell, missing in action
at Wilderness iMay 5, 1864; veteran. Alvin H. Ford, jjris-
oner from May 5, 1864, to February 26, 1865 ; discharged
Mch. 30, 1865. Ransford Fairchild, missing in action at
Wilderness ALiy 5, 1S54. Daniel Goodman, prisoner
from May 5, 1864, to Febrviary 26, 1865 ; discl^arged
Mch. 30, 1865. Bowman Garrison, captured at Wilder-
ness ISIay 5, 1864; discharged July 16, 1864. Samuel
H. Hagaman, discharged Oct. 24, 1862, for wounds re-
ceived at Gaines's Mill June 27, 1862. Robert Hunter,
Feb. 5, 1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate, Jan.
ig, 1863. Jerome Haleker, transferred to logth Penn-
sylvania May 31, 1864; veteran. Newel S. Harrison, cap-
tured May 5, 1864; discharged May 11, 1865. S. L.
Hagenback, prisoner from May 5, 1864, to February 27,
1S65 ; discharged April i, 1865. Nathaniel B. Harrison,
Sept. 14 ; died at Harrison's Landing, Va., July 21, 1862.
William Hinkley, killed at White Oak Swamp June 30,
1862. Benton L. Huser, deserted Nov. 16, 1863. Levi
Johnson, July 15; missing in action at Wilderness May
5, 1864 ; veteran. Charles D. Jackson, July 15 ; killed
at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862. Andrew Keiper, dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 29, 1863. Edward
Kelly, July 15 ; prisoner May 5, 1864 ; died at Ander-
sonville Oct. 24, 7864. Joseph Longworth, July 15 ;
transferred to veteran reserve corps Nov. 15, 1863.
Israel P. Long, Mch. 6. 1862 ; missing i.i action at Wilder-
ness May 5, 1864; veteran. William Lape, July 15 ;
missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864; veteran.
Reuben Labor, prisoner May 5, 1864; died at Anderson-
ville Oct. 10, 1864. Samuel W. Long, Sept. 14 ; died
July 8, 1862, of wounds received June 30, 1862. Mervin
O. Matthews, transferred to veteran reserve corps Oct.
7, 1863. James Monegan, July 19 ; transferred to vet-
•eran reserve corps Dec. 15, 1S63. John Montgomery,
Oct. 17 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 8, 1863.
William B. Mears, transferred to tgoth Pa. May 31, 1864 ;
veteran. William B. Marshall, Mch. 22, 1864 ; trans-
ferred to 190th Pa. May 31, 1864. Martin L. M'Neal,
Sept. 13 ; transferred to 190th Pa. May 31, 1864. Wil-
liam R. Monroe, Sept. 12 ; prisoner from May 5, 1864,
to Feb. 28, 1865 ; discharged April i, 1865. Bryant
Morton, prisoner May 5, 1864 ; died at Andersonville
Aug. 3, 1864. Lockwood F. Millard, Feb. 26, 1863; mis-
sing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864. Evan B.
Myers, June 18 ; killed at Gaines's Mill June 27, 1862.
Samuel Mershon.died Sept. 26, 1862, of wounds received
at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Charles H. Owen, July 18 ;
missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864. Francis
A. O'Dell, July 15 ; deserted Nov. 26, 1862. George W.
Porter, Sept. 14 ; discharged Nov. 18, 1862, for wounds
received at Antietam Sept. 17. 1862. Isaac H. Phillips,
Sept. 24 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 17,
1862. Samuel J. Pealor, July 19 ; deserted. William
Row, July 15 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Mch.
16,1862. Henry Ridler, missing in action at Wilderness
May 5, 1864 ; veteran. George W. Roat, July -15 ; pris-
oner from May 5, to Dec. 16, 1864 ; discharged Mch. r,
1865. George Staub, July 15 ; transferred to veteran
reserve corps Oct. 7, 1865. Williini C. Stoner, trans-
ferred to U. S. gunboat service Feb. 14, 1862. Edwin C.
Seeley, Aug. 28, 1861 ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate Oct. 9, 1862. Josiah Sox, discharged on surgeon's
certificate, Jan 19, 1863. Cyclare Smallwood, July 15 ;
FORTY-FIRST PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS.
109
-•=^(7*
jirisoner Mays, 1864 ; died at Andersonville Oct. 8, 1864;
\ctcran. Andrew C. Smith, Mch. 28, 1864; missing in
action at Wilderness May 5, 1864. lasi)er Steel, Mch.
23, 1864; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864.
Hamilton Tubbs, discharged on surgeon's certificate Oct.
ji, 1861. Charles Tuttle, July 15; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate May 8, 1862. John W. 'I'homas, Jan.
28, 1862 ; discharged Sept. 4, 1863, for woimds received
at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. John C. Turner, Sei)t.
12; missing in action at Wilderness May 5, 1864; veteran.
John K. Torbet, prisoner from May 5, 1864, to Feb. 24,
1S65; discharged May 8, 1865. Francis Transure, cap-
tured ^L'^y 5, 1864; discharged Feb. 9, 1865. .Mmon
Woodworth, discharged Oct. 24, 1862, for wounds re-
ceived at (iaines's ^lill, June 27, 1862. Daniel Wood,
July 15; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 20,
1862. Johh H. Workheiser, discharged on surgeon's
certificate Dec. 19, 1862. .\dam Wray, discharged Dec.
31, 1862, for wounds received at Charles City Cross
Roads June 30, 1S62. Reuben Wilson, missing in action
at Wilderness May 5, 1864. Josiah White, deserted.
FORTY-FIRST REGIMENT (TWELFTH RE-
SERVES).
The companies composing this regiment were recruited
for the three months' service, but were not accepted.
They were mustered into the State service as reserves for
three years, and organized into a regiment, which, on the
17th day of August, 1861, was mustered into the service
of the United States. They proceeded at once to Ten-
nallytown. near Washington, where they were drilled till
the loth of October, when they crossed to Virginia and
went into winter quarters at camp Langley. With the
e.xception of the expedition to Drainesville, in which they
participated, they remained at that camp till March, 1862,
when, with the rest of the army, the regiment moved to-
ward Manassas. It was sent forward to the Peninsula in
June, and on the 26th of that month engaged in the bat-
tle of Cold Harbor. Immediately afterward it was en-
gaged in the battle of Gaines's Mill. For two or three
days after this battle the regiment suffered intensely from
fatigue and thirst. At the battle of Malvern Hill this
regiment was posted on a height from which the fighting
could be seen, but it was not engaged. .After remaining
some time at Harrison's Landing the 12th left the Pe-
ninsula and marched to join the army of General Pope.
At Groveton it was engaged, and aided in repulsing an
impetuous charge by the enemy. It was next in action
at South Mountain, and three days later at Antietam.
In the succeeding December it was again engaged, at
the battle of Fredericksburg, where it lost in killed,
wounded and prisoners about one hundred men.
In February, 1863, the regiment, with its division, was
ordered to the defenses of Washington, where its effective
condition was greatly improved by the return of absentees
and by promotions. In .April it commenced provost
duty in the city of Washington, under General Martin-
dale. It rejoined the main army in June, at the com-
mencement of the Gettysburg campaign, and was present
at the battle of Gettysburg. During the campaign of
that summer and autumn the 12th was engaged at Bristoe
Station, Rappahannock Station, and at Mine Run. Dur-
ing the winter of 1863-4 it was engaged in guard and
picket duly along the line of the Orange and Alexandria
Railroad, through a region that was infested by sneaking
guerillas.
On the opening of the campaign in May, 1864, the
I 2th took the field again, and was engaged during three
days in the Wilderness. It was again engaged in the bat-
tle near Bethesda Church, on the 30th of May. Its term
of service exjiired about this time, and it marched to
Harrisburg, where it was on the nth of June mustered
out.
Below we give the records of the officers of this regi-
ment ; and also of company 15, which was recruited
in Wyoming county. Nearly all the members of the com-
pany were mustered in on the 15th of May, 1861, and
that date is to be understood where no other is given.
The first date that appears in other cases is that of mus-
ter-in. Where nothing is said to the contrary, the men
whose records are here given were mustered out with the
regiment Jime nth, 1864.
IIF.I.l) .\NI) STAFF OFFICERS.
Colotifls. — John H. Taggart, July 25; resigned July 8,
1862; recommissioned August 19, 1862; mustered out
Sept. 23, 1862. Martin D. Hardin, promoted to lieuten-
ant colonel April I, 1862; colonel .Xug. i, 1862; brigadier
general July 2, 1864; mustered out Jan. 15, 1866; ap-
pointed major 43d U. S. infantry July 28, 1866.
Lieiilenant Coloiifh. — Samuel N. Bailey, July 25; dis-
charged March 4, 1S62. Peter Baldy, July 25; promoted
from major to lieutenant colonel Aug. 1, 1862; discharged
Feb. 15, 1863. Richard Gustin, June n; [iromoted from
captain Company C to lieutenant colonel April 6, 1863;
brevet colonel, March 13, 1S65.
Majors. — Andrew J. Bolar, July 24; promoted from
captain Company H to major July 8, 1862; discharged
for wounds receiwd in action June 30, 1864. Charles
W. Di\en, June 25; ])romoted from captain Company Ci
to major, April 19, 1864.
Ailjiitants. — Theodore M'Murtrie, Dec. 5; transferred
to veteran reserve corps, Oct. 18, 1863.
Quartermasters. — Etinee D. Reid, July 25; discharged
and promoted to captain and A. C. S. volunteers. James
T. Woodall, Sept. 22, 1862; promoted from ))rivate to
quartermaster-sergeant; to captain; absent on duty with
provisional regiment in field.
Siny;eoiis. — William H. Thome, July 25; promoted to
brigade surgeon .April 28, 1862; discharged May 3, 1862.
Isaac J. Clark, .\[)ril 28, 1862; promoted from assistant
surgeon to surgeon May i, 1862; brevet lieutenant colo-
nel March 13, 1865.
Assistant Surgeons. — John B. Crawford, Feb. 18, 1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate Sept. 18, 1862. Wil-
liam Taylor, July 26, 1862; resigned Dec. 20, 1862.
James M. Shearer, April ii, 1863; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate Aug 18, 1863. Henry A. Grim, Oct.
6, 1862; promoted to surgeon 34th Pa. April 13. 1864.
David R. Beaver, April 13. 1864.
Chaplain. — Obadiah H. Miller, June 18, 1862: resigned
June 9, 1863.
Serf^eant Majors. — William Myers, July 24; promoted
to first lieutenant Company I .April 21, 1863. Jcseph
W. Eckley, June 25; transferred to Company F as ser-
geant Feb. 16, 1864.
Quartermaster Ser/^eants. — James Loan, June 13. C.
W. Croasdale, May 30; promoted to first lieutenant Com-
pany A May i, 1863.
^¥
4f-
^^'
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
Commissary Sergi-nii/. — Henry Kraft, Mny 15; promoted
from private ("om])any 1) to commissary sergeant.
Hospital Stcoard. — John Evans. July 24.
Principal Musician. — John C. f^ckert, July 15.
COMFANV B.
C75?,Y;-i-,— Captains — D. N. Mathewson, resigned July
31, 1862. Simon H. Briggs, promoted first lieutenant March
18, 1S63; captain July 31, 1S62; brevet major March 13,
1865. First lieutenants— John B. Harding, discharged
March 4, 1862. John F. Hoadley, promoted first lieu-
tenant July 31, i'862; brevet captain March 13, 1865.
Second lieutenants— Arthur M. Philips, resigned July 21,
1862, P. H. Reynolds, promoted second lieutenant July
21, 1862. First sergeant — Martin N. Reynolds. Ser-
geants — George Moore, Oscar H. Benjamin; Andrew F.
Ely, discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 21, 1862.
Mason Parker, discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec.
30, 1861. Charles Johnson, transferred to igoth
Pennsylvania volunteers May 31, 1864; veteran.
Samuel A. Danner, died at Washington, D. C, May
6, 1863. Charles A. Meeker, died Oct. 30, 1862, at
Smoketown, Md., of wounds received in action.
Corporals — A. H. Wintermute, John Shingler, Milton
Moyer, J- C. Reynolds; Porter Squires, discharged on
surgeon's certificate Jan. i, 1862; Merritt S. Harding,
wounded, discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 27,
1863; (jeorge Fetzer, wounded, discharged on surgeon's
certificate Jan. 28, 1863; Levi B. Knowls, transferred
to battery A, 43d Pennsylvania volunteers April 6, 1862;
.\lexander Morgan, died at Camp Pierpont, Va. Dec.
3, 1861; James C. Keeney, died at Harrison's Landing,
Ya., July 22, 1862. Musicians — Lewis C. Miller, War-
den Reynolds, Christian C. Eckert.
Privates. — C. Arnold, L. V. Armstrong, William And-
rews, transferred to 190th Peniisylvania volunteers May
31, 1864; veteran. Samuel Arnold, discharged on sur-
geon's certificate May 20, 1862. Silas Aunrick, dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 15, 1862. C. C.
Bennigan, absent at muster-out. Warren Barber, trans-
ferred to 190th Pennsylvania volunteers May 31, 1864;
veteran. Robert Blakeslee, discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate June 27, 1S61. Alonzo H. Beebe, discharged on
surgeon's certificate Dec. 15, 1862; John Bonno, trans-
ferred to 190th Pennsylvania volunteers May 31, 1864.
James Bailey, died at Acquia Creek, Va., Dec. i, 1862.
Harvey Corbey. William Croupe, discharged on surgeon's
certificate March 6, 1862. Charles L. Card, transferred
to 2nd U. S. cavalry May 31, 1864; prisoner from Aug.
19, 1864, to Feb. 22, 1S65; discharged Feb. 27, 1865.
Asher Cook, transferred to 190th Pennsylvania volun-
teers May 31, 1864. A-bsalom Crawford, died at Freder-
icksburg of wounds received Dec. 13, 1862. John H.
Davis, Joseph Dellenger, Thomas Davis. Elihu Dymond,
discharged on surgeon's certificate April 21, 1862.
[ohn Dressier, killed at White Oak Swamp June 30, 1862.
Henry W. Dean, killed at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1S62.
Isaiah Evans, May 30, 1861; discharged on surgeon's
certificate Jan. i, 1863 John C. Eckert, June 15, 1861;
promoted principal musician July 31, 1863. Lyman J.
Freeman. Sidney Freeman. Squire B. Fisk, Nov. 21,
1 861; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 24, 1862.
William F^ox; transferred to U. S. artillery Nov. 24,
1862. James B. Fisk, Mar. 31, 1864; transferred to
190th Pennsylvania volunteers May 31, 1864. James
Gillespie, Feb. 7, 1862; transferred to 190th Pennsyl-
vania volunteers May 31, 1864; veteran. Patrick Gannon;
discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 2, 1862. Edwin
P. Gardner, Nov. 21, 1861; died at Philadelphia April 5,
1862. Edward House. Jasper Hoadley. Charles F.
Harvey; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 4, 1862.
Frederick Hinkley; discharged on surgeon's certificate
Oct. 15, 1862. Albert Hadsall; discharged on surgeon's
certificate Oct. 11, 1862. Oran Hinkley; discharged on
surgeon's certificate Oct. 15, 1862. James C. Hastings;
transferred to 190th Pennsylvania volunteers May 31,
1864; veteran. William Hastings, Aug. 2. 1862; trans-
ferred to 190th Pennsylvania volunteers May 31, 1864.
John Hastings, Aug. 2, 1862; transferred to 190th Penn-
sylvania volunteers May 31, 1864. James N. Herbert,
Aug. 2, 1862; transferred to 190th Pennsylvania volun-
teers May 31, 1864. Joseph Hess; killed at Spottsyl-
vania Court-house May 8, 1864. James Hedden; killed
at White Oak Swamp June 30, 1S62. Fuller A. John-
ston. James Jones, Nov. 30, 1861; transferred to vet-
eran reserve corps Feb. 19, 1864. John H. Jaquis, Mar.
19, 1864; transferred to 190th Pennsylvania volunteers
May 31, 1864. William Langley. Francis J. Le|jpo;
discharged on surgeon's certificate Sept. 30, 1861.
George Labarr; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb.
23, 1863. Francis J. Lathrop; discharged on surgeon's
certificate May 21, 1862. James F. Linthurst, June 15,
1861; discharged on surgeon's certificate April 9, 1863.
David R. Lerch, June 15, 1861; transferred from Com-
])any K July 20, 1862; never reported. Theodore H.
Luckey, Mar. 29, 1864; transferred to 190th Pennsyl-
vania volunteers May 31, 1864. Martin Morgan. Calvin
Moore. John M'Cord. John H. Mullison; transferred
to 190th Pennsylvania volunteers May 31, 1864; veteran.
Minor Moyer; transferred to 190th Pennsylvania volun-
teers May 31, 1864; veteran. Reuben M'Sherrer; trans-
ferred to 6th United States cavalry Nov. 2, 1862. John
Moyer, transferred to 190th Pennsylvania volunteers
May 31, 1864. Jacob Moyer; died of wounds received
at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Jacob Maynard; died
of wounds received at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Thomas
May; deserted Jan. 15, 1862. Noel Harrison; deserted
July 2, 1863. Thomas J. Osterhout. Mason Parker,
Mar. 25, 1864; transferred to 190th Pennsylvania volun-
teers May 31, 1864. Marvin Potter, Nov. 7, 1861; died
of wounds received at White Oak Swamp June 30, 1861.
Warren Parrish; died at Georgetown, D. C, Feb. lo,
1862. Harrison Patrick; missing in action May 9, 1864.
Frederick R. Puckner, June 15, 1861; deserted Sept. 28,
1862. Rensselaer Ross. Alexander Rageon; discharged
on surgeon's certificate Nov. 24, 1862. Jesse Rauden-
bush; discharged on surgeon's certificate Aug. 20, 1862.
Patrick Roon; deserted May 12, 1863. Jacob R. Shot-
well. Cyrus H. Smeed. John Sly. William E. Stark.
Daniel Shumber. Sydney Schooley; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate Jan. 15, 1862. William H. Sanders;
discharged on surgeon's certificate July 18, 1862. John
H. Snyder, June 15, 1861; transferred to 190th Pennsyl-
vania volunteers May 31, 1864; veteran. Norman
Sprague, Nov. 21, 1861; transferred to 190th Pennysyl-
vania volunteers May 31, 1864; veteran. James Shaffer,
Mar. 31, 1 861; transferred to 190th Pennsylvania volun-
teers May 31, 1S64. F'loyd F. Sprague, Mar. 10, 1864;
transferred to 190th Pennsylvania volunteers May 31,
1864. Joseph B. Sprague, Mar. 18, 1864; transferred to
190th Pennsylvania volunteers May 31, 1864. T. S.
Stansburry, Mar 2, 1861; transferred to 190th Pennsyl-
vani volunteers May 31, 1864. Roger S. Searle; trans-
ferred to 33d Pennsylvania volunteers July 21, 1861.
William Stonier; died at Camp Pierpont, Va., Nov. 18,
1861; buried in military asylum cemetery. William
Stoey; died at Camp Pierpont, Va., No\'. 21, 1861. Wil-
liam Stager; died of wounds received at Mechanicsville
[une 27, 1862. George K. Thompson; discharged on
surgeon's certificate Sept. 24, 1862. William Thompson;
discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 22, 1862. James
Taylor, Nov. 2t, 1861; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
4f*
FORTY-SIXTH I'ENNSVLVANIA VOLUNTEKRS.
cate Oct. 27, 1862. Morris Toome/; transferred to
igoth Pennsylvania volunteers May. 31, 1S64; veteran.
Perry L. Taylor, Mar. 31, 1864; transferred to iQotli
Pennsylvania volunteers May 31, 1864. Harvey Tiffa-
ney, ^iar. 18, 1864; transferred to 190th Pennsylvania
volunteers May 31, 1864. Charles .X. Thompson; died at
(^amj) Pierpont, Va., Nov. 3, 1861. Charles Terry; de-
serted July 2, 1863. Edward Vaannauker; deserted
.•\ug. 10, 1861. Thomas C. Woods, June 15, 1861. Al-
niuda Wilbur. Orlando Wright. James Wilson; trans-
ferred from Company K July 20, 1862; never reported.
Ceorge W. Wagoner; transferred to 5th U. S. artillery,
Nov. 24, 1862; Conrad Wisemiller, June 15, 1861; died
Dec. 28, 1862, of wounds received at Fredericksburg Dec.
13. 1862. Frederick Waugh, .Aug. 10, 1861. Sanford
Wandall; prisoner from April 8 to Mav, 1864.
CHAPTER -Will.
I.fZKKNK IN THE Civil, \V.\R HISTOKIKS OK TIIK. FOR IV-
SIXTH AND KIFIIKTH RF.GIMF.NTS.
v^5^^^ HE Logan Guards, of Mifflin county, one of
fVf '-iS^ ^ the first five companies of volunteers that
'' ^ftrv ij reached Washington on the breaking out of
i^V^^tl the Rebellion, became Com])any .\ of the
V"'^) 4M-\ regiment. Companies C and I) also served
■■•^ in three months' regiments, and preserved their
com])any organizations in this.
The 46th was organized September ist, i86i,with
Joseph F. Knipe colonel, James L. Selfridge lieutenant
colonel, and Arnold C. Lewis major. On the death of
Major Lewis, who was shot by a private of Company I
soon after the organization of the regiment, J. A. Mat-
thews became major.
Soon after the organization of the 46th it was ordered
to the command of General Banks, near Harper's Ferry,
and was assigned to the ist brigade. General Crawford,
2nd division. General Williams. Camp duty, drill and
occasional skirmishing occupied the regiment till the lat-
ter part of February, 1862; when, with the rest of Banks's
forces, it crossed the Potomac and occupied successively
Leesburg, Charlestown, Martinsburg and Winchester.
In an engagement near Kernstown three companies of
the 46th, under Major Matthews, participated, and in the
pursuit of Jackson by Banks the regiment took an active
part.
At the severe and unequal contest with the rebels under
Jackson at Winchester the 46th held its ground for five
hours without flinching. At the battle of Cedar Moun-
tain, in August, 1862, the regiment charged three times
across an open field, exposed to a terrific fire of shot,
shell and musketry, and only retired after the colonel,
major and several of the line officers were wounded. The
46th was again engaged at the battle of .Antietam, where
it was again commanded by Colonel Selfridge. The reg-
iment was next engaged at Chancellorsville, after having
wintered at F'airfax Station and Stafford Court-house.
At the battle of Gettysburg the regiment was engaged
heavily, but by reason of it sheltered position it did not
lose largely, .\fter the bailie of (Jettysburg the nth
corps, of which the 46lh was a part, was detached from
the .Army of the Potomac and sent wc^l. The first duty
lo which ihe regiment was assigned was guarding the
Chattanooga Railro.ul thruugii a country infested with
guerrillas.
In Janu.Try, 1864. a sufficient number of the officers
and men of this regiment h.iving re-enlisted to insure its
continuance, they were given a veteran furlough. During
its visit at home its r.inks were recruited, and after its
return it remained in winter (piarlers till the next May.
In the campaign that followed the 46th was engaged at
Resaca, where, among others. Lieutenant John H. Knipe,
of Company I, was killed. It participated successively in
the actions at Pumpkiiivine creek. New Hoi)e Church,
Dallas, Pine Knob, Kenesaw Mount lin and Marietta, in
all of which it had fourteen killed and about thirty
wounded. In the severe fight with Hood at Peach Tree
Creek, near .Atl.inta, the 46th Inst ten killed and twenty
wounded. In another action with Hood near .Atlanta it
lost six killed and several wounded.
The regiment had no severe fighting after ihe surrender
of .Atlanta, September ist, 1864. General Knipe, who
had been jiromoled, was transferred to the command of
cavalry, and the 46th, under Major Griffith Colonel
Selfridge, whose promotion had followeil that of General
Knipe, being in command of the brigade , went on its
march through Georgia and the Carolinas, after which it
commenced its march homeward. It wis mustered out
July i6th, 1865.
Company I of the forty-sixth was recruited in Luzerne
county, and we give below a synopsis of the records of
its members, together with a similar statement in regard
to the regimental officers. The first date given is that of
muster-in; where not otherwise stated, each man was
mustered out with the regiment, July 16th, 1865.
FIKl.D AND SI AKF OFFICF.RS.
Co/oiif/s. — loseph F. Knipe, Aug. i, 1861; proinoie<l
brigadier general Nov. 29, 1862. James L. Selfridge,
Aug. 8, 1861; i)romoted from lieutenant colonel to colonel
May 10, 1863; brevet brigadier general March 16, 1S65.
LieuttnanI Colonel. — William I.. Foulk, .Aug. 26, 1861;
promoted from captain Company B to lieutenant colonel
June 7, 1863; on detached duty from Feb. 3, 1864, to
July 29, 1865 ; mustered out by special order July 29,
1865.
Majors. — .Arnold C. Lewis, Aug. 17, 1861; killed Sept.
22nd, 1861. Joseph A. Matthews, Sept. 27, 1861, pro-
moted colonel i28ih Pennsylvania volunteers Nov. 1, 1862.
Cyrus Strouse, Sept. 4, i86i; promoted from captain
Company K Nov. i. 1862; killed at Chancellorsville, Va.,
May 2, 1863. Patrick Griffith, Sept. 16, 1861; promoted
from private to second lieutenant Sept. i6. 1861; captain.
Feb. 15. 1862; major, .Aug. 1, 1863; captured at Cedar
Mountain, and at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1S65.
A,l/n/afi/s.— George W. Boyd, Sept. 17. 1861; resigned
Oct. 14, 1862. William 15. Weber, Aug. 14. 1861; pro-
moted to captain Company .A Feb. 1 1, 1863 L. R. Whit-
man, May I, 1862; promoted from sergeant-major Feb.
12, 1863; died .Aug. 6, 1864. of wounds received at Peach
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
Tree Creek, Cxa, July 20, 1864. Joseph H. M'Carty,
Aug. 24, 1862; promoted from private to adjutant Aug.
12, 1864.
Quartermoskrs.—Gtorge B. Cadvvalader, ,\ug. 30, 1^561;
promoted assistant quartermaster U. S. volunteers July
8, 1863. Levi Tice, Aug. 17, 1861; promoted from pri-
vate to quartermaster sergeant Dec. 19, 1862; quarter-
master, April I, 1864.
^//;y<w«.— Lavington Quick, Aug. 26, 1861; promoted
brigade surgeon Jan. 21, 1862. Daniel Holmes, Jan. 21,
1862; resigned March 6, 1862. William C. Rodgers, Aug.
29, 1861; resigned May 19, 1863. George P. Tracy,
July 4, 1863.
Assistant Surgeons.— ]o\\n B. Coover, Nov. 13, 1862;
promoted surgeon 70th Pennsylvania volunteers Dec. 10,
1862. Ceorge W. Burke, Aug.'i, 1862. James B, M'Don-
ough, Ian. 27, 1863.
Chaplains— ]o\\n A. Rubolt, Sept. 10, 1861; resigned
Nov. 30, 1 86 1 Charles Strong, Jan. 14, 1862; resigned
Sept. 24, 1862.
Sergeant Afajors.— Charles B. M'Carty, Jan. 13, 1864;
promoted sergeant major Feb. 12, 1863. Thomas B.
Gorman, Aug. 17, 1861; promoted first lieutenant Com-
pany H Feb. I, 1862. George Elberty, Aug. 20, 1861;
transferred to Company A April 7, 1S62. L. R. Whit-
man, May I, 1862; promoted adjutant Feb. 12, 1863.
Quartermaster Sergeants.— ]zme?, F. Duncan, Sept. 2,
1861; promoted from commissary sergeant April 15, 1864;
lieutenant Company A July 15, 1865; not mustered;
veteran. Orlando J. Reese, Sept. 12, 1861; promoted
second lieutenant Company H Dec. 19, 1862. John M.
Martin, Sept. i, 1861; discharged; date unknown. Levi
Tice, Aug. 17, i86r; promoted (|uartermaster April i,
1865.
Commissary Sergeants. — James Bray, January 13, 1864;
promoted commissary sergeant April 12, 1864; veteran.
D. H. Chesebro, Sept. 12, i86r; promoted captain Com-
pany G Nov. I, 1863.
Hospital steivarils.—C\\ar\ti Newman, Sept. 2, i86i;
promoted hospital steward Nov. i, 1862; veteran. Adam
Gillett, Sept. 4, 1861; discharged on surgeon's certificate
Oct. 3, 1862.
Musicians. — Jonathan Ocker, Nov. 30, 1863; transfer-
red from Company A Aug. i, 1864; veteran. B. C. Zim-
merman, Sept. 4, i86t; transferred from Company K
Aug. 31, 1864; veteran.
COMHANY I.
C>j^(-(V.f.— Captains— Richard Fitzgerald, Oct. 31, 1861;
discharged February. 15, 1862. Patrick Griffith, Sept.
16, 1861; promoted major August 1, 1863. John Care,
Oct. 31, 1861; promoted from 1st lieutenant to captain
Aug. 17, 1863; resigned June 10, 1864. Joseph Matchett,
Aug. 17, 1861; promoted from 1st lieutenant of Company
C to captain July 17, 1864. First lieutenants— George
W. Boyd, Sept. 17, 1861; promoted adjutant Sept. 17,
1861. John H. Knipe, Aug. 24, 1862; promoted from
private Company B Aug. 5, 1863; died of wounds received
at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864. Robert Young, Oct. 31,
1 861; promoted from sergeant to lieutenant Jan. 15, 1863
to I St lieutenant Nov. 12, 1864; mustered out May 15,
1865, by order of the war department. Second lieuten-
ants— lohn Auglun, Oct. 31, 1861; discharged Feb. 15,
1862. "Samuel Chambers, Oct. 13, 1861 ; resigned Jan.
22, 1863. Peter Van Kirk, July 27, 1864; promoted to
sergeant Oct. 10, 1862; to 2nd lieutenant July 27, 1864.
First sergeants — Lewis C. Eakman, July 14, 1863;
drafted; promoted to corporal Sept. 10, 1863; to sergeant
Sept. I, 1864; to 1st sergeant June 8, 1865; com-
missioned ist lieutenant July 15, 1865; not mustered.
Michael I. Hawley, Oct. 13, 1861; mustered out Sept. 18,
1S64; e.xpiration of term. John E. M'Carty, Aug. 29,
1862; discharged Jane 8, 1865, by general order. Oliver
B. Simmons, Mar. 1, 1862; promoted 2nd lieutenant of
company D October 9, 1862. Sergeants — Jeremiah Ryan,
Jan. 13, 1864; promoted corporal Nov. 10, 1863; to ser-
geant Sept. I, 1864; veteran. LTriah Kern, July 13, 1863;
drafted; promoted corporal April i, 1864; sergeant Nov.
I, 1864. James M. Bigler, Feb. 29, 1864; promoted cor-
poral Sept. I, 1 8f)4 ; sergeant Nov. i, 1864. Hugh
Quinan, Jan. 13, 1864; promoted corporal Nov. i, 1864;
sergeant June 8, 1865; veteran. John Burke, Oct. 31, 1861;
mustered out Sept. 18, 1864; e.xpiration of term. M. F.
O'Rourke, Oct. 31, 1861; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate Feb. 9, 1863. Charles Hessley, Oct. 31, 1861; killed
at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Corporals — .\nthony Coyle,
Jan. 13, 1862; promoted corporal November 29, 1863; vet-
eran. John I). Leclere, July 13, 1863; drafted; promoted
corporal Sept. i, 1864. Wm. T. Smith, July 13, 1863;
drafted; promoted coporal Nov. 1, 1864. Thomas
M'Lane, Mar. 9, 1864; promoted corporal Nov. i, 1864;
Henry S. Kern, July 13, 1863; drafted; promoted cor-
poral Nov. I, 1864. Geo. W. Arnold, Mar. 9, 1864; pro-
moted corporal Nov. i, 1864. Henry Booth, Jan. 13.
1864; ])romoted corporal June 8, 1865. William H.
Booth, ALir. 31, 1864; promoted corporal June 8, 1865.
Henry Schlepe, Oct. 31, 1861; mustered out Sept. 18,
1864; e.xpiration of term. Patrick Clark, Oct. 31, 1861;
mustered out SejJt. 18, 1864; expiration of term. James
Kevlin, Oct. 31, 1861; mustered out Sept. 18, 1864; ex-
piration of term. Richard Mallory, Oct. 31, 1861; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 10, 1862. Henry
Runge, Oct. 31, 1861; discharged on surgeon's certificate
Mar. 11, 1863. John Homer, July 14, 1863; drafted;
discharged by general order June 8, 1865. Musicians —
Henry E. Gould, Oct. 31, 1861; deserted Dec. 30, 1862.
Lyman Moore, Feb. 17, 1864; prisoner from May 28,
1864, to May 22, 1865. John M'Comb, Oct. 31, i86t;
mustered out Sept. 18, 1864; expiration of term.
Privates. — John Ammann, Feb. 3, '64. J. Anderson,
Feb. 20, '61; transferred to veteran reserve corps. Mar.
22, '65. Peter Awe, July 14, '63; drafted; discharged by
general order May 26, '65. John Bates, Feb. 23, '64.
Wm. Ballentine, Mar. 8, '64. Henry G. Barnes, Feb. 14,
'65. John Burkey, July 13, '63; drafted. John Ballen-
tine, July 14, '63; drafted. Henry Blystone, July 13, '63;
James Barrett, Oct. 31, '61; drowned in "dam No. 6,
Chesapeake and Ohio canal, Feb. 9, '62. Jacob Bowman,
Feb. ID, '64; died Aug. 17, '64, of wounds received at
Peach Tree Creek, Ga. Anthony Burke, Jan. 13, '64; died
of wounds received at Bentonville, N. C, March 19,1865;
veteran. Israel Bush, July 13, '63; drafted; died Sept.
26, '63. Charles Bushell, Oct. 31, '61; died Aug. 19, '62,
of wounds received at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 6, '62.
Patrick Burke, Oct. 31, '61; deserted December 30, '62.
Leander Bush, July 13, '63; substitute; prisoner from
Feb. 6 to May 6, '65. . Henry Cannavan, Jan. 13, '64; vet-
eran. John Clark, Oct. 31, '61; mustered out Sept. 18, '64;
expiration of term. Patrick Cassidy, Oct. 31, '61; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 18, '63. Thomas
Corcoran, Oct. 31, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate
Oct. 25, '62. Barney Cain, Sept. 16, '63; substitute; dis-
charged by general order May 30, 1865. Patrick Cain,
Oct. 13, '61; transferred to vetern reserve corps. Geo.
W. Crow, Aug. I, '63; transferred to vetern reserve corps
Oct. 14, '64. Will. Coughlan, Oct. 31. '61; deserted Aug.
17, '62. Peter Carrigan, Oct. 31, '61, deserted Aug.
17/62; Michael Clark, Oct. 31, '61; deserted June 30,
'62. James Calhoun, Oct. 31, '61; missing in action
at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62. John D. Clary,
Mar. 17, '64; not on muster-out roll. Henry Dickey,
Mar. 3, '64. M. A. Dowling, Sept. 16, '63; substitute.
i'\,
T
4^
COMPANY I, FORTY-SIXTH PENNSYI.VAMA VOLUNTEERS.
'3
James Duncan, July 13, '63; drafted; discharged by gen-
eral order May 22, '65. Patrick Devine, Oct. 31, '61;
transferred to veteran corps. Henry Davis, Mar. 9, '64;
killed at Peach Tree Creek, C.a., July 29, '64. deorge
l{. Etter, Sept. 17, '62; killed at .\ntietam Sejjt. 17, '62.
James Frederick, July 13, '63; drafted. Peter Flynn,
Oct. 31, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 9,
'62. Silas Fisher, Sept. 16, "63; substitute; disi harged
by general order .\pril 25, 1865. ik-njaniin Fullum, July
23, '63; substitute; discharged by general order .Xpril 27,
"65. John M. Freelnirn, Feb. 29, '64; wounded at Dallas
dap, ("la.. May 25, '64; discharged by general order May
17, '65. Harvey Fullerton, |uly 15, '63; drafted; died at
Kelly's Ford, Va., Sept. 8, "1863. Alex. (".. Frank, Feb.
24, '64; died July 23, '64, of wounds received at Atlanta,
('■a. James Fox, Oct. 13, '61; deserted January 25, '63.
John Fisher, Oct, 13, '61 ; deserted .August 17, '62.
Martin Gouldin. Jan. 12, 1864; veteran. Nathaniel Cood-
rich. Mar. 7, 1864. Joseph Gloegle, July 9, 1863; drafted;
wounded at Peach 'I'ree t'reek, da., July 20, 1864; absent
in hospital at muster out. Paul F. Ciraham, July 14,
1S63; drafted; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 8,
1864. Daniel K.. drim, Sept. 16, 1S63; drafted; deserted
November 19, 1864; returned May 10, 1865; discharged
May II, 1865, Martin Cioughan, Oct. 31, 1861; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Aug. 16, 1862. James
drier, Oct. 30, 1861; deserted June 9,1862. Franklin
1). Houk, Jan. 4, 1864. Patrick Hamaker, Feb. 9, 1864.
John C. Harman, July 13, 1863; drafted. Rudolph Ha-
berstick, Aug. 3, 1863; substitute. William Holloran.
Oct. 31, 1861; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb.
25, 1863. John Harrigan, Oct. 31, 1861; discharged on
surgeon's certificate Mar. 15, 1863 Patrick Hearty, Oct.
31, 1861; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 9, 1862.
James Hay, Mar. 8, 1864; deserted July i, 1865. Wil-
liam J. Johnston, Oct. 31, 1861; discharged on surgeon's
certificate Mar. 31, 1863. William Johnson, Jan. 13,
1864; deserted Feb. 9, 1865; veteran, deorge R. Koonts,
Dec. 12, 1863. James F. P. Kelley, Mar. 3, 1864. David
Koonts, July 23, 1864; substitute; wounded in action
May 15, 1864; absent in hospital at muster out. John
Kevlin, Mar. 24, 1864; discharged by general order July
10, 1865. Jacob G. Keener, Feb. 3, 1864; deserted June
23, 1865. Edmund J. Lehr, Feb. i, 1865. John Lavery,
Sept. 16, 1863; drafted. Jos. Loudermilch, Mar. 16,
1864; absent, sick, at muster out. Isaac I.yter, Sept. 14,
1864; discharged by general order June 8, 1865. John
Lanehan, Oct. 31, 1861; executed for the murder of
Major Lewis Dec. 23, 1861. Samuel A. Leclere, Sept.
16, 1863; drafted; died at Savannah, Ga., June 22, 1865.
Edward Lee, July 14, 1863; substitute; deserted Sept.
30, 1864. Michael Leonard, Aug., 1861; not mustered
into United States service. William H. Morton, Feb. 27,
1864. Martin Maughin, Jan. 13, 1864; prisoner from
Aug. 9 to Sept. 13, 1862, and from May 2 to May 15,
1863; veteran. Daniel Murphy, .\pril i 2, 1864; wounded
in action July 20, 1864; absent in hosjjital at muster out.
John Metzger, Sept. 14, 1864; discharged by general
order June 8, 1865. William Malone, July 14, 1863;
substitute; died at Goldsboro', N. C, Mar. 27, 1865.
John Millan, Oct. 31, 1861; deserted Sept. 30, 1862.
Thomas Martin, Oct. 31, 1861; deserted .Aug. 11, 1S62.
Patrick MuUin. Oct. 31.1861; deserted Jan. 19, 1862. Owen
McLaughlin, Mar. 31, 1864; veteran. Dennis McSwee-
ney, July 13, 1863; drafted. James A. McLain, Sept. 13.
1863; drafted; discharged by general order June 5, 1.S65,
Peter Mcdonegal, Oct. 31, 1861; discharged on surgeon's
certificate Oct. 16, 1862. Adam McCullough, July 1 1,
1863; drafted; discharged on surgeon's certificate F'eb.
13, 1864. Thomas McKennon, Feb. 24, 1864; deserted
May II, 1864. Robert McTigert, Oct. 13, 1861; not on
muster-out roll. Elijah J. Newton, Jan. 4, 1864. John
H. Newton, Jan. 4, 1864. Charles Newton, Mar. 9. 1H64;
prisoner from March 3 to March 30, 1865; discharged by
general order June 29, 1865. William H. Neill, July 13,
1S63; drafted; discharged by general order June 21,
186s. James Oliver, Oct. 13, 1861; deserted July i,
1862. Patrick Ore, Oct. 13, 1861; deserted Dec. 30,
1862 David I. Potts, July 12. 1862; drafted. Thomas
Painter, July 13, 1863; drafted. Peter (". Powell. Oct.
31, 1861; mustered out Sept. 18, 1864; expiration of
term. William Parham, Oct. 31, 1861, discharged on
surgeon's certificate Feb. 21, 1863. William Phillipi.
July 16, 1863; substitute; died .Aug. 11, 1864, at Chatta-
nooga, Tenn. Matthew T. Rankin, July 13, 1863; drafted.
Patrick Reap, Jan. 13, 1864; veteran, (ieorge W. Shad-
dow, Mar. 4, 1864. William Singer. F'eb. 20, 1864.
Martin Swart/, Mar. 8, 1864; veteran. William Stivison,
July 13, 1863; drafted. Robert K. Stuchall. July 13,
1864; drafted. John Shriner, Feb. 10. 1864; discharged
by general order Sept. 13, 1865. George W. Sweigard,
Feb. 22. 1864; discharged by general order July 24. 1865.
John Sullivan. Oct. 31. 1861; discharged on surgeon's
certificate; date unknown. Robert Stewart, July 13,
1863; substitute; died June 8, 1864, of wounds received
at Decherd, Tennessee. David H. Singer, F'eb. 28, 1864;
died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 7, 1864. John Shields.
Oct. 31, 1861; died of wounds received at Resaca, Ga..
May 15. 1864. John Slonoski. Oct. 13. 1861; deserted.
Charles Stewart, Sept. 16, 1861; substitute; deserted Jan.
10, 1864. Wash. Wilhelm, July 13, 1863; substitute.
Michael Walsh, Oct. 31, 1861; mustered out Sept. 18,
1864, expiration of term. Wm. H. Weamef, July 13,
1863; drafted; discharged on surgeon's certificate June
2, 1865. Patrick Whalon, Oct. 31, 1861; discharged on
surgeon's certificate. Thomas R. Wimer, July 13, 1863;
drafted; died at Kingston, Ga., .\ug. 17, 1864. William
Whiting, Oct. 13, 1861; deserted .\ug. 31, 1862. William
I. Wright, Fel). 24, 1864; missing in action at Culjj's
Farm, Ga., June 22, 1864. Joseph Young, Dec. 12, 1863;
wounded in action July 20, 1S64; absent in hospital at
muster out. James Young, Oct. 31, 1861; discharged on
surgeon's certificate. C. Zimmerman, F'eb. 23, 1864.
FIFTIETH REGIMENT.
Comi)any I in this regiment was recruited in Luzurne
county. The regiment was organized September 25th,
1 86 1, with Benjamin C. Christ as colonel. It proceeded
to Washington on the 2nd of October, and thence to
.\nnapolis on the 9th. On the 19th it embarked on
transports, and after a perilous voyage, in the course of
which one of the vessels came very near being lost, it
landed and went into camp on Port Royal island. In
December the regiment went to Beaufort, which place it
was the first to occupy. Here in its first skirmish it
drove the enemy from the island. On the 1st of Janu-
ary the regiment was in its first engagement, at the battle
of Coosaw, where a partially constructed fort was taken
and destroyed.
May 29th the regiment, with a section of artillery and
two comj)anies of cavalry, went to Pocotaligo to assist in
a demonstration on Charleston. Six companies of the
regiment accomplished the perilous feat of crossing a
bridge from which the plank had been removed, on the
stringers, under fire, driving the enemy from his position on
the opposite side and rej>lanking the bridge, thus enabling
the entire force to cross. Captain Parker, who led these
15
■4>
114
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
companies, was killed. July 12th the regiment was or-
dered from Beaufort to Fortress Monroe, where it became a
part of General Burnside's (9th) corps, and marched to the
support of General Pope, on the Rapidan. At the second
battle of Bull Run it was engaged on both days of the fight,
but most severely on the second. The men recollected
with pride that in every encounter they drove the enemy.
On the ist of August the regiment was engaged in the
battle of Chantilly, where General Stevens, who was in
command of the division to which it was attached, was
killed. On the 14th of September it participated in the
battle of Soiith Mountain, where it aided in a charge that
drove the enemy from the field. Its next engagement was at
Antietam, where it lost seven killed. Although present
at the battle of Fredericksburg in December, it was not
actively engaged.
Some time after the battle of Fredericksburg the regi-
ment went with the 9th corps to Kentucky and subse-
quently, by way of Cincinnatti and Cairo, to Vicksburg.
After the fall of that place it was attached to (General
Sherman's army, and was engaged in the action for the
occupancy of Jackson, Miss. In August the regiment re-
turned to Kentucky, where the health of the men, who
had suffered greatly from malaria, was recruited and sick
absentees returned. In October the 50th, with the rest
of the brigade commanded by Colonel Christ, went to
assist in repelling a force of the enemy which had come
into East Tennessee from Virginia, and was engaged in a
battle by which they were driven back. Soon after re-
turning to Knoxville they went forward again to check an
invasion of the State by General Longstreet, but were
driven back. In the latter part of November the regi-
ment assisted in repelling an assault on the defenses of
Knoxville, and on the 5th of December the siege was
raised and the rebel army retreated, followed by the 50th
among other troops. It pursued the enemy, occasionally
skirmishing with the rear guard, as far as Blaine's cross
roads. Here the regiment encamped, and on the ist of
January, 1864, about three hundred of the men re-enlisted.
After a painful march to Nicholasville, Ky., a veteran
furlough was given them.
.*\t the expiration of their furlough they were attached
to the 9th corps in Virginia, went forward, and on the
5th of May were engaged in the battle of the Wilderness.
On the 9th they were engaged at Spottsylvania Court-
house, and in this battle and at tiie Wilderness lost in
killed, wounded and missing about two hundred. On the
12th it was again engaged, and from that time forward
almost daily till the battle of Cold Harbor, in which it
took a part and suffered severely. It marclied tlience to
the front of Petersburg, where it did picket duty till the
latter part of July. It assisted in the assault after the
explosion of the mine. On the 19th of August it marched
toward the Weldon railroad, and was attacked by the en-
emy on two successive days. Some thirty of the men
were discharged about this time by reason of the expira-
tion of their term of service. In October 147 recruits
were received, and after two weeks spent in drilling
active duty was resumed.
The regiment in the latter part of November took a
position in front of Petersburg, and remained there dur-
ing the winter. It was engaged in the active operations
of early April, 1865, and was among the first regiments
that reached Petersburg when it fell. About the middle
of that month it went to Washington, and remained there
till the last of June. On the 4th of July it took part in
the laying of the corner stone of the national monument
at Gettysburg, and it was mustered out of the service on
the 30th of that month.
Of the 50th regiment the following were the
FIELD AND SIAFF OFFICERS :
Coloih'h. — Benjamin C. Christ, mustered in July 27,
186 1 ; promoted brevet brigadier general Aug. i, 1864;
mustered out Sept. 30, 1864. William H. Telford, Aug.
8, 1861; promoted from captain Company G to lieuten-
ant colonel Feb. 8, T865; colonel May 15, 1865 ; mustered
out with regiment July 30, 1865.
Lieutenant Colonels.— 'X\\ovc\a.i S. Brenholtz, Sept. 10,
1861; promoted from captain Company H Sept. 30, 1861;
died Aug. 19, 1863, of wounds received at Jackson, Miss.,
July i6, 1863. Edward Overton, jr., Sept. 30, 1861; pro-
moted from major to lieutenant colonel Dec. 15, 1863;
mustered out Sept. 30, 1864. Samuel K. Schwenk, Feb.
28, 1865; promoted from major to lieutenant colonel
May 15, 1865; brevet colonel and brigadier general July
24, 1865; mustered out with regiment July 30, 1865.
Alajor. — George W. Brumm, Sept. g, i86i; promoted
from captain Company F May 19, 1865; mustered out
with regiment July 30, 1865.
Adjutants. — Henry T. Kendall, Sept. 10, 1861; pro-
moted from first lieutenant Company H May 3, 1864;
captured May 12, 1864; captain Company H Jan. 19,
1865; not mustered; discharged by special order Feb.
II, 1865. Lewis Crater, Sept. 10, 1861: promoted from
frst lieutenant Company F April 16, 1865; mustered out
with regiment July 30, 1865; veteran.
Quartermasters. — Alfred Jones, Sept. 30, 1861; cap-
tured July, 1864; discharged by special order Mar. 22,
1865. John S. Eckel, April i, 1862; promoted from first
lieutenant Company C Jan. 15, 1865; mustered out with
regiment July 30, 1865; veteran.
Surgeons. — David J. M'Kibben, Sept. 14, 1861; pro-
moted brigade surgeon U. S. volunteers Oct. 21, 1861.
C. J. Siemans, Mch. 7, 1862; resigned Mch. 16, 1864.
John M. Kollock, July 25, 1862; promoted from assistant
surgeon 118th Pennsylvania Sept. 3, 1864; resigned June
20, 1865.
Assistant Surgeons. — Joseph P. Vickers, .Aug. 30, i86r;
resigned July 18, 1864. William P. Book, Aug. i, 1862;
mustered out Sept. 30, 1864. Frank P. Wilson, Mar.
31, 1865; mustered out with regiment July 30, 1865.
Chaplains. — John F. Meredith, April 22, 1862; dis-
charged January 13, 1863. Halleck Armstrong, Feb.
24, 1865; mustered out with regiment July 30, 1865.
Sergeant Majors. — Alexander P. Garrett, Sept. 9, 1861;
promoted from sergeant Company C Mar. 29, 1864;
mustered out with regiment July 30, 1865; veteran.
Tliomas F. Foster, Sept. 6, 1861; promoted from cor|)oral
Company D to sergeant major; to second lieutenant
Company D April 8, 1864; veteran. Frank H. Barnhart,
Sept. 19,1861; promoted first lieutenant Company B Nov.
26, 1864; veteran, .\lfred J. Steiihens, Sept. 6, 1861; pro-
moted from sergeant Company D Nov. 21, 1864, to
first lieutenant Company B Mar. 21, 1865; veteran.
Henry A. Lantz, Sept. 30, 1861; promoted first lieuten-
ant Company E Jan. 18, 1862.
^^
COMPANY I, FIFTIETH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS.
US
Quartermaster Serjeants. — Simon Cloiiser, Feb. 25,
1864; promoted from sergeant Comi)any K May 9, 1865;
mustered out with regiment July 30, 1865; veteran.
Frank H. Forbes, Jan. i, 1864; promoted second lieu-
tenant Company E May 10, 1865; veteran. John S.
Eckel, .\pril i, 1862; promoted second lieutenant Com-
pany C Mar. 17, 1864. .Mfred W. Oift, Sept. 13, 1861;
]iromoted from pri\ate Company E Mch. 21, 1865; mus-
tered out with regiment Julv 30, 1865; veteran. lon'as
Faust, Sept. 9, 1S61; promoted from priyate Company
.\ Dec. 4, 1864; discharged on surgeon's certificate Slay,
1865; veteran. Lewis Crater, Sept. 10, 1861; |)romoted
from private Company H May i, 1862 to first lieutenant
Company F Dec. 5, 1864; veteran.
Hospital Steu<ar(L — .Me.xander H. Shaffer, Sept., iSdi;
promoted from private Company G Sept., 1861; mus-
tered out with regiment July 30, 1865; veteran.
Principal Miisieiaiis. — William K. Schuckert, Sept.
9. 1861; promoted from musician Company -\ Oct. 25,
1S64: mustered out with regiment July 30, 1865; veteran.
Reed W. Dumfee, Sept. 9, 1861; promoted from musician
Company K .Vpril 13, 1865: mustered out with regiment
July 30, 1865; veteran. Henry .V. Hoffman, Sept. 30,
1861; discharged by general order .\ug., 1862.
COMPANY I.
Tlie date following the name of each man in the roll
below is that of his muster-in. Unless otherwise stated
each man was mustered out with the company July 30th,
1865.
Officers. — Captains — Samuel F. Bossard, Sept. 25, i86i;
resigned January 28, 1863. James H. Levan, Sept. 9,
1 861; promoted from sergeant Company C to cajjtain
Nov. 26, 1864; veteran. First lieutenants — William Rey-
nolds, Sept. 25, 1861; mustered out Sept. 29, 1864. Ed-
ward .\. Wilbur, Sept. 25, 1861; jjromoted from private
to sergeant; to first lieutenant Dec. 4, 1864; veteran.
Second lieutenants — .Mfred J. Huntzinger, Sept. 25, 1861;
promoted captain Company K Sept. 17, 1862. Richard
Rahn, Sept. 25, 1861; promoted from first sergeant to
second lieutenant Sept. 17, 1862; mustered out Sept. 29,
1864. First sergeant — John Dennison, Sept. 25, 1861;
jjromoted from private to sergeant; first sergeant June
15, 1865; commissioned second lieutenant Sept. 30, 1864;
not mustered; veteran. Sergeants — Casper Kahle, Sei)t.
25, 1861; promoted from private to sergeant; veteran.
Burrell E. Reed, Sept. 25, 1861; wounded at Petersburg,
\'a..\ transferred to veteran reserve corps; returnetl Jan.
7, 1865; promoted from corporal to sergeant Feb. i. 1865;
veteran. Joseph Hedden, dept. 25, iSfii; promoted cor-
poral; sergeant June 15, 1865. Andrew Jackson, Sept.
25, 1861; prisoner from May 12 to Dec. 10, 1864; mus-
tered out Jan. 31, 1865, to date Dec. 15, 1864. John
.Mackey, Sept. 25, 186 1; died June 7, 1864, of wounds
received June 5, 1864; veteran. Aaron 0.\rider, Sept.
25, i86r; died June 18, 1864, of wounds received at
Petersburg, Ya.; veteran. William Cole, Sept. 25, 1861;
not on muster-out roll. George W. Dickens, Sept. 25,
1861; promoted from corporal to sergeant Jan. i, 1863;
not on muster-out roll. Corporals — James M. Wagner,
Sept. 15, 1861; promoted corporal; discharged by gen-
eral order July 25, 1865; veteran. Jeremiah W. Darn-
sife, Feb. 29, 1864. Joseph Clouser, Feb. 29, 1864; pro-
moted corporal .\pril 7, 1865. Hiram Michaels, Feb.
29, 1864; promoted corporal .\pril 7, 1865. Humjihrey
Brown, Dec. 7, 1861; discharged March 16, 1865, for
wounds, with loss of leg, received Sept. 30, 1864. Mat-
thew Berkley, Sept. 25, 1861; prisoner; died at .Ander-
sonville, Ga., July 26, 1864. Solomon Rudisill, .\pril 22,
1862; died July 12, 1S64, of wounds received in ac-
tion. William B. Michael, Sept. 25, 1861; discharged
March 12, 1862. Charles Croner, Sept. 25, 1861;
killed at Chantilly, Va., Sept. i, 1862. Stephen H. Haley,
Sept. 25. 1861: discharged Nov. 16, 1862. John A. Bush,
Sept. 25, 1861; discharged Lin. 17,1863. Nicholas Rice,
Sept. 25, 1861 ; discharged Oct. 18, 1863. Josiah Wright,
Sei)t. 25. 1861: discharged Dec. 3, 1862. Musicians —
Alfred Fairchild, Feb, 29, 1864. Hiram Brant, Feb. 24,
1864. Edwin B. Woodward, Sej)!. 25, 1861; discharged
Feb. 23, 1863.
/V/>(;/«.— George Allspach, Sept. 25, 1861; veteran.
Isaac Allison, Feb. 22, 1865; drafted; discharged general
order June 23, 1865. Charles .\ckley, Dec. 7, 1861;
wounded in action, with loss of leg; discharged April i,
1865. William Armstrong, March 13, 1865; substitute;
deserted March 18, 1865. Von Henry Andis, Sept. 25,
1 861; discharged; March 5, 1862. Christ Barringer.
March 13, 1865; substitute; at muster out. Franklin
Bretz, March i, 1864. Thomas Burch, Sept. 26, 1864;
substitute; discharged bv general order June 2, 1865.
John Butow, Sept. 20, 1864; substitute; discharged by
general order, June 2, 1865. William Biery, Sept. 13,
1861; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 25, 1864; buried in
9th corps cemetery, Meade Station, Va. Thomas Birch,
March 6, 1S65; substitute; deserted May 28, 1S65. D.
J. Brighthoupt, Sept. 25, 1861; not on muster-out roll.
Marion D. Belts, Sept. 25, 1861; discharged Feb. 5, 1863.
Charles C. Bosse, Sept. 25, 1861; deserted March 26,
1863. William H. Baldwin, Dec. 7, 1861; discharged
Feb. 4, 1863. John L. Cunningham, Sept. 25, 1861;
mustered out Sept. 29, 1864. John Casey, Sept. 27. 1864;
substitute; discharged June 2, 1865. Jacob Clenians,
Sept. 28, 1864; substitute; discharged June 2, 1865.
John Calvert, Sept. 28. 1864; substitute; discharged June
2, 1865. Calvin Crutchman, .Aug. 31, 1864; substitute;
discharged June 2, 1865. Robert Collier, Feb. 23, 1865;
drafted; discharged June, 1865. Thomas Cotter, March
13, 1865; substitute; deserted March 18. 1865. James R.
Carman, Sept. 25, 1861; not on muster-out roll. Ezra F.
Carpenter, Sept. 25, 1861; not on muster-out roll. George
De Gran, March 9, 1864. Isaac H. Darnsife, Feb. 29,
1864; absent, in hospital, at muster-out. George Dolloway,
March 11, 1865; substitute; mustered out July 30, 1865.
Zach. Dennehower, March 10, 1865; substitute; mustered
out July 30, 1865. Henry Diffendurfer, .Aug. 28, 1864;
substitute; discharged June 2, 1865. Dennis Dogan,
Sept. 28, 1864; substitute; discharged June 2, 1865.
loseph Dishboro, Feb. 23, 1865; drafted; discharged
July 5. 1865. Levi Doutrick, Feb. 25. 1864; prisoner;
died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. i, 1864; grave 4,481.
Thomas Donnahue, March 7, 18O5; substitute; deserted
March 20, 1865. Isaac Daniels, Sept. 25. 1861; sick in
hosjjital from Sept. i, 1862. John H. De Graw, Sept.
25, 1S61; discharged Oct. 18, 1S62. George Danner,
\\m\ 22, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. James C.
F:nglish, March 9, 1865; substitute; mustered out July
30, 1865. James Edwards, Sept. 25, 1861; absent, in
hospital at Newport News, Va., since August 4, 1862.
lanies Edmons, Sept. 25, 1861; mustered out Sept. 29,
1854. Frank Fuent, March 14, 1865; substitute. Hiram
Focht, March i, 1864. John Fore, February 21, 1865;
drafted; discharged May 8, 1865. Sanmcl Fox, Sept.
28, 1864; substitute; discharged June 2, 1865. Lewis
Fee, Sept. 28, 1864; substitute; discharged June 2, 1865.
J.icob Fisher, Sept. i, 1864; substitute; discharged June
2, 1865. John Farley, March 13, 1865; substitute; de-
serted May 18, 1865. Albion Gleville, March 11, 1865;
substitute. James M. Gaskins, Sept. 25, 1865; absent at
muster out; veteran. William Gallagher, Feb. 29, 1864:
discharged by general order July to, 1865. Joseph
Gapen, Sept. 28, 1864: substitute; discharged June 2.
186c, Hiram Gould, Sept. 25, 1861; not on muster-out
roll." Thomas S. Goss, Sept. 25, 1861; discharged June
25, 1862. Justice Garret, Sept. 13, 1861; mustered out
Dec. 10, 1864. George W. Hall, July 8, 1863; drafted.
Jonathan Hoover, Feb. 24, 1865; drafted. John B. Hist,
July 29, 1864; drafted. Daniel W. Hunsiker, March 15,
1855; substitute. John C. Hoyt, Sept. 25, 1861; mustered
out Sept. 29, 1864. Daniel S. Haffley, Feb. 24, 1865;
drafted; discharged May 8, 1865. Eli Hamilton, Sept.
24, 1864; substitute; discharged lune 2, 1865. James C.
Higgins, March 10, 1864; discharged by general order
May 22, 1865. Alexander Hanley, Sept. 25, 1861; de-
serted Sept. 12, 1862. Hiram Henian, jr., Dec. 7, 1861;
discharged May 12, 1862. Horace Heman, Dec. 7, 1861;
deserted July 25, 1862. Henry D. Jeffords, March 9,
1865; substitute. Ebet J. Jeffords, March 9, 1864; sub-
stitute. Lewis Krebs. March 7, 1864. Daniel Keen,
Ai)ril 30, 1862; mustered out April 19, 1865. Samuel
Kevser, Sept. 28, 1864; substitute; discharged June 2,
1865. John Kern, March 13, 1865; substitute; died May
21, 1865. Philip Knight, Sept. 25, 1861; discharged Feb.
17, 1862. Francis Leiberman, Feb. 23, 1865; drafted;
absent at muster out. Obadiah Lockart, Aug. 29, 1864;
substitute; died at City Point, Va. John Luther, Jan.
14, 1862; deserted Mar. 8, 1864; veteran. John G.
Lettick,. April 22, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Wells
Mengos, April 12, 1864. Albert Miller, Mar. i, 1864.
Reuben Mayberry, Feb. 10, 1864. John Mayer, Sept. 25,
1861; mustered out Sept. 29, 1864. Charles Merrill,
Sept. 25, 1 861; mustered out Sept. 29, 1864. James
Miller, Feb. 24, 1865; drafted; discharged May 8, 1865.
Samuel Miller, Sept. 21, 1864; substitute; discharged
May 12, 1865. Jacob Myer, Sept. 24, 1864; substitute;
discharged June 2, 1865. Augustus Miller, Sept. 9, 1861;
killed in action June 30, 1864. John Maugh, Sept. 25,
1861; dischargedDec. 31, 1862. John Moog, Sept. 25,
1 861; discharged. Newton D. Mabre, Jan. 14, 1862;
missing in action. David M'Knight, March 13, 1865;
drafted. Timothy M'Carty, March 15, 1864. Harrison
Newman, Sept. 28, 1864; substitute; discharged June 2,
1865. John Nacey, April 22, 1862; killed at Spottsylvania
Court-house May 15, 1864. William Olver, March 13,
1865; substitute. Henry O'Neil, Sept. 25, 1861; died
Sept. 3, 1862, of wounds received at Bull Run Aug. 30,
1862. Abraham Philips, March 7, 1864. Thomas
A. Piper, Mar. 24, 1865; drafted; discharged May
8, 1865. H. W. H. Rhoads, Jan. 27, 1864; veteran.
George Reese, March 8, 1865; substitute. Henry Ruth,
March 10, 1865; substitute. Henry Rudorf, March 10,
1865; substitute. Jacob Ruble, Sept. 3, 1864; substitute;
discharged June 2, 1865. Gotlieb Rogler, Sept. i, 1864;
substitute; discharged June 2, 1865. John Riley, March
13, 1865; substitute; deserted March 18, 1865. Peter
Reedy, Sept. 25, 1861; discharged Jan. 22, 1863. James
B. Ross, Sept. 25, 1861; discharged Feb. 4, 1863. Jacob
Stinerook, March 13, 1865; substitute; mustered out with
company July 30, 1865. Alexander Sheffhour, Sept. 29,
1S64; substitute; discharged June 2, 1865. John Steck-
ley, Feb. 29, 1864; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house
May 12, 1864. Henry Sager, March 9, 1864; died at
Washington, D. C. James Smith, March 13, 1865; sub-
stitute; deserted March 18, 1865. William Sweeney,
March 13, 1865; substitute; deserted INLarch 20, 1865.
Owen K. Smith, March 11, 1865; substitute; deserted
April 9, 1865. John Slighter, March 13, 1865; substitute;
deserted .\pril 29, 1865. Philip Springer, Sept. 25, i86i;
not on muster-out roll. Tonis Springer, Sept. 25, 1861;
deserted Sept. 12, 1862. Peter Smith, Sept. 25, 1861;
discharged Dec. 18, 1862. John N. Thomas, Sept.
25, 1861; absent at muster-out; veteran. Samuel
Townsend, Sept. 25, 1861; mustered ovit Sept. 29, 1864.
Henry F. Thrasher, Sept. 5, 1864; substitute; discharged
June 2, 1865. Charles Thirl, Sept. 25, 1861; discharged
Feb. 4, 1863. William Tallada, Dec. 7, 1861; wounded
at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862; not on muster-roll. Good-
rich Tallada, Jan. 14, 1862; discharged May 20, 1862.
Daniel \'an Pelt, Sept. 25, 1861. Jasper \'liet, Sept. 25,
1861; died Nov. 2, 1861. Henry Vanderpool, Jan. 14,
1862; not on muster-out roll. Henry D. Wismer, March
13, 1865; substitute. James West, March 2, 1865;
drafted. John T. Williams, Sept. 25, 1861; mustered-
out Sept. 29, 1864, Culbertson Wright, Sept. 2, 1864;
substitute; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 5,
1865. George White, March 8, 1865; substitute; de-
serted March 18, 1865. John Webster, March 10, 1865;
substitute; deserted March 18, 1865. William Wiley,
March 8, 1865; substitute; deserted April 29, 1865.
Lewis Warg, Sept. 25, 1861; not on muster-out roll.
Jacob Zimmerman, Sept. 9, 1861; prisoner from June
7 to Nov. 26, 1864; mustered out Jan. 30, 1865 to date
Nov. 30 1864. David W. Zehner, Sept. 25, 1861; killed
at Chantilly, Va., Sept. i, 1862.
CHAPTER XLX.
LUZERNE IN THE CIVIL WAR — HISTORY OF THE FIFTY-
SECOND REGIMENT.
("ALL was issued by the President in July,
i86r, for sixteen regiments, and under this
call authority was granted by Governor Curtin,
August ist, 1861, to Jolin C. Dodge, jr., to
recruit this regiment.
John C. Dodge, jr., of Lycoming county, was
appointed colonel; Henry ^L Hoyt, of Luzerne
county inow governor of the State), lieutenant colonel;
and John B. Conyngham, also of Luzerne county, major.
The rendezvous of the regiment was Camp Curtin, near
Harrisburg.
November 8th, 1861, the regiment proceeded to Wash-
ington. It remained there, engaged in drill and camp
duty, till the 28th of March, 1862, when it was ordered
to take the field. During this time it furnished ten vol-
unteers for gunboat service at the West, most of whom
were subsequently killed by an explosion.
On taking the field it was assigned to the ist brigade,
3d division and 4th corps. It marched to Alexandria,
and thence went by transports to Newport News, where
it debarked; and soon afterwards it encamped near
Yorktown, where the siege was in progress. As the regi-
ment marched to take possession of the deserted works
on the 4th of May a torpedo exploded under Company
F, killing one man and wounding six others.
From Yorktown it moved forward with its brigade to
Williamsburg, where it arrived just in time to support
Hancock in his gallant charge, which resulted in driving
the enemy from the field. The regiment arrived with its
brigade at the Chickahominy on the 20th of May. On
the 24th it went on a reconnoisance toward Richmond,
MOVEMENTS OF THE !• IKTY-SECONI) REGIMENT— ITS OFFICERS.
"7
which lasted four days, and in the course of which a
lively engagement occurred. In this reconnoisance a
company of sharpshooters which had been selected from
the regiment did excellent service.
The regiment was engaged in the battle of l''air O.iks,
which occurred on the 31st of May, and out of 249 lost
125 killed and wounded, and four prisoners. .Among the
wounded oflicers were Captains Davis, Lennard and
Chamberlain, and Lieutenants Weidensaul and Carskaden.
While the battle at Caines's Mill was in progress, the
52nd, with other regiments of the brigade, was guarding
the bridge across the Chickaliominy; the men were often
standing waist deep in the water of the swamp, and this
duty continued during several consecutive days. Soon
afterward the regiment retired with the army to Harrison's
Landing, and on the 20th of August to Yorktown, where
circumstances detained the brigade to which it was at-
tached while a large part of the army went to the support
of Cleneral Pope. While occupying the fortifications at
Yorktown the men were drilled in heavy artillery tactics.
In December the 52nd, with other troops, went to I?eau-
fort, and thence in the latter part of January, 1863, to
Port Royal, S. C. From there in April, 1863, it went on
a transport up the North Edisto, to co-operate in an at-
tack on the city of Charleston. The attack failed, and
the regiment, after drifting among the Sea islands some
days and passing an uncomfortable night at sea, landed
at Beaufort. On the nth of July it moved to F'olly
island, and on the 9th went up the Stono river wMth an-
other regiment to make a diversion in favor of the attack
on Morris island. It landpd at lames island at mid-
night, and in the morning attacked and drove in the
pickets and cavalry of the enemy. The rebel force on
the island was reinforced, and on the i6th an attack was
made by the enemy. On the night of the 17th the island
was evacuated, and tiie 52nd returned to F'olly island.
'I'he regiment participated in the siege of F'ort Wagner
during the perilous forty or fifty days that it lasted; when
preparations were made for the final assault. It was
formed ready to pass the fort and attack F'ort Gregg,
when intelligence was received that the works and the
island were evacuated. During the operations against
this fort the regiment suffered severely, but no exact
record of its casualties can be given.
In December many of the men in the regiment re-en-
listed, and were granted a veteran furlough. When they
returned the regiment was recruited to the maximum
and newly armed and equipped. It remained at Hilton
Head till the 20th of May, 1864, during which time it
made occasional expeditions among the Sea islands.
On the morning of the 4th of July the duty of sur-
prising and taking Fort Johnson in the badly planned at-
tempt on the rebel works at Charleston harbor was as-
signed to the 52nd. Accordingly, just at daybreak, one
hundred and twenty-five men, under the command of
Colonel Hoyt, landed, took a two-gun battery, rushed for-
ward, scaled the parapet of the fort and entered the
works. F"ailing to receive the support which they expect-
ed, they were overpowered by superior numbers and
made prisoners. Seven of the assaulting party were
killed and sixteen wounded. Of the balance, who were
made prisoners, upwards of fifty died at Andersonville
and Columbia, and the officers, after a period of confine-
ment at Macon, were transferred to Charleston and
placed under the fire of the Union batteries on Morris
island. During the summer and autumn of 1864 the
balance of the regiment was on Morris island, where the
men did duty- as heavy artillery.
During the' winter of 1864-5 they were engaged in
])ickeling the harbor in boats; a duty that was anything
but enviable by reason of the ex|)osures and hardships
which it involved. February 18th, 1865, a boat crew
under the command of Major Hcnnesy rowed across the
harbor and landed near F'ort Sumter. All was silent,
and as the party cautiously entered the ruins they were
not challenged. The fort was deserted, and they un-
furled over it the flag of the 52nd reginu-nt. The party
at once proceeded to the cily, which they entered before
the last of the rebel soldiers had evacuated it.
Captain R. W. Uannahan, of Tunkhanno< k, and Lieu-
tenant T. M. Burr, of Meshoppen, were ot this party.
The former was left in command of the party that gar-
risoned the fort.
The regiment joined the .^.rmy of General Sherman as
it marched north after crossing Georgia, and was with
him when the rebel General Johnston surrendered. \
week later it returned to Harrisburg, where on the i2lh
of July, 1865, it was mustered out the service.
The 52nd was comjiosed of men who entered the ser-
vice for three years. Those who remained in the regiment
to the close of the war were mustered out July 12th, 1865,
except members of Company A, who were mustered out
three days later. Where a date immediately follows the
name of a man in the subjoined list, it is the date of his
being mustered in. Comi)anies A, H and I were recruited
in Luzerne county, the first at Wilkes-Barre; Company
B in Wyoming county; Company F in Lu/.erne and Brad-
ford, and Company K in Luzerne and Schuylkill.
FIELD .VXD STAKK OFFICF.RS.
Ci>/oii<-/s.—] ohn C. Dodge, jr.. .Vug. i. '61; resigned
Nov. 5, '63. Henry M. Hoyt, Aug. 14, "Oi; promoted
from lieutenant colonel to colonel Jan. 9, '64; brevet
brigadier general March 13, '65; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
Lieutemint Colonels. — John B. Conyngham, Sept. 28,
'61; promoted from major to lieutenant colonel Jan. 9,
64; colonel June 3, '65. John .V. Hennessey, Dec. 2; pro-
moted from captain Company K to major Jan. 5, "65;
lieutenant colonel June 3d, '65; brevet colonel and briga-
dier general March 13, "65.
Majors. — Thomas B. Jayne, Oct. 11, '61; promoted
from cajnain Company B to major Jan. 9. '64; mustered
out Nov. 5, '64. George R. Lennard. .\ugust 16, Yii;
promoted from captain Company .\ to major July 9, '65.
Ailjiilaiits. — Nathaniel Pierson, .\ugust 15, '6t; pro-
moted to captain Company G May 19. '63. George H.
Sterling, Oct. 11, '61; promoted from sergeant major
to adjutant May 19, '63; transferred to Company K
Oct. 10, '64. Henry A. Mott. Oct. 2. '61; promoted
from first lieutenant Company K to adjutant Sept. i, '64;
captain Company K Dec. 6, '64; not mustered.
Quartermasters. — Charles F. Dodge, Aug. i, '6i; re-
signed July 4, '6.^. Charles P. Ross, August 15, '61;
promoted from commissary sergeant to first lieutenant
and R. Q. M. August 10, '63; mustered out Feb. 25,
'65. John W. (iilchrist, Aug. 16, '61; promoted from
first lieutenant Company A Feb. 26, '65; commissioned
captain Company A March i, '65; not mustered.
Surgeons. — William S. Woods, Sept. 7, '61, resigned
April 20, '63. J. B. Crawford, May 1, '63; resigned
May 30, '64; John Flowers, Dec. 15, '63; promoted from
assistant surgeon to surgeon March 23, '65.
Assistant Surgeons. — John G. M"Candless, Oct. 15,
'61; resigned July 21, '62. Charles H. Dana, August 4,
'62; resigned October 12, '63. Rufus Sargent, July 31,
'62; resigned March 13, '64. Jonas H. Kauffman, May
Chaplains. — John H. Drum, Sept. 28, '61- resigned
Aug. I, '62. William H. Gavitt, Sept. 28, '63.
Sergeant Majors. — Henry N. Sterling, Oct. 11, '61;
promoted from sergeant Company B Nov. 5, '61: dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate May 11, '62. George
H. Sterling, Oct. 11, '61; promoted from sergeant Com-
pany B Nov. 14, '62, to first lieutenant and adjutant
May 19, '63. Edward W. Tracy, Aug. 16, '61; pro-
moted from sergeant Company A Dec. 20, '63; second
lieutenant Nov. 4, '64, and first lieutenant Mar. i, '65;
not mustered; veteran.
Quartermaster Sergeants. — Frank C. Bunnell, Sept. 20,
'61; promoted from private Company B Mar. i, '62; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate April 2, '63. Smith B.
Mott, Nov. 4, '61; promoted from sergeant Company K
Nov. 5, '64; quartermaster Mar. i, '65; not mustered;
veteran.
Cown/issarv Sergeants. — Charles P. Ross, Aug. 15,
'61; promoted from private Company H Nov. 5, '61, to
regimental quartermaster Aug. 10, '63. Linton T. Rob-
erts, Nov. 4, '61; promoted from sergeant Company H
Aug. 10, '63; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Peter B. Walter,
Nov. 4, '61; promoted from sergeant Company H Nov.
5, '64; veteran.
Hospital Steivard. — Peter Alldred, Oct. 11, '61; veteran.
Principal ATusicians. — Allen M. Haight, Oct. 29, '61;
promoted from musician Company E Aug. 26, '64; mus-
tered out Nov. 5, '64. Albert N. Barney, Oct. 24, '61;
promoted from musician Company F July 4, '64; veteran.
Peter J. Moreland, Nov. 4, '63; drafted; promoted from
Company E Nov. 5, '64.
COMPANY A.
Officers. — Captain, George R. T-ennard, Aug. 16, '61;
resigned Sept. 23, '62; recommissioned Mar. 30, '63;
promoted major July 9, '65. First lieutenants — Edwin
W. Finch, August 16, '61; resigned July 21, '62. John
W. Gilchrist, August 16, '61; |)ronioted from second to
first lieutenant July 21, '62; quartermaster February 26,
'65. Second lieutenants — Reuben H. Waters, August
16, '61; promoted from first sergeant to second lieu-
tenant July 21, '62; first lieutenant Nov. 4, '64; not
mustered; discharged by special order Feb. i, '65.
Philip G. Killian, Aug. 29, '61; promoted from cor|)oral
to first sergeant Nov. 6, '64; second lieutenant June 3,
'65; mustered out with conqjany July 15. '65; veteran.
First sergeant, John S. Linn, Sept. 2, '61; promoted
from corporal to sergeant Sept. i, '62; to first sergeant
Sept. 15, '64; mustered out Nov. 5, '64; expiration of
term. Sergeants — Thomas W. Aregood, Sept. 24, '61;
promoted from corporal to sergeant Nov. 6, '64;
mustered out with company July 15, '65; veteran.
Daniel H. Harrison, Sept. 21, '61; captured July 3,
'64; veteran. Daniel W. Holby, Sept. 21, '61; veteran.
Peter Allabach, Sept. 2, '66; promoted from corporal
to sergeant June 25, '65; veteran. Edward W. Tracy,
August 16, '61; promoted sergeant major Dec. 20, '63.
Irwin E. Finch, Aug. 16, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
Corporals — Thomas Ray, August 20, '61; promoted cor-
poral June 25, '65; veteran. Philip Boyle, Aug. 29,
'61; promoted corporal Nov. 6, '64; veteran. Henry
S. Mash, Sept. 16, '61; promoted corporal Nov. 6, '64;
veteran. Loren D. Rozell, Sept, 7, '61; promoted cor-
poral Nov. 6, '64; veteran. Ezra O. West, Sept. 23,
'61; promoted corporal Nov. 6, '64; veteran. Freemon
Souder, August 28, '61; promoted corporal May i,
'65; veteran. John R. Wiley, Sept. 9, '61; promoted
corporal May i, '65; veteran* Solomon W. Taylor, Oct.
14, '61; veteran. Frank Gallagher, Sept. 21, '61;
captured; died at Florence, S. C, Oct. 15, '64. John
Scott, Sept. 6, '61; mustered out Nov. 6, '64. Musician,
Gilbert G. Parker, Sept. 10, '61; discharged on surgeon's
certificate. Mar. 18, '63.
Privates. — Sidney Albert, Oct. 8, '61; veteran. Ed-
ward W. Allabach, Oct. g, '61; discharged Aug. i, '62,
for wounds received at Seven Pines, Va., May 24, '62.
Wellington Ager, Oct. 9, '61; killed at Fair Oaks May
31, '62. Abraham Barber, Sept. 17, '62; discharged
by general order Aug. 7, '65. David Barber, Feb. 13,
'65. John Brown, October 15, '63; drafted. Jame.s
Brown, Sefit. 24, '63; drafted. Patrick Bennett, Oct.
29, '63; drafted; deserted June 8, '64. Henry Barnes,
Sept. 2, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Martin \.
Barber, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate
Sept. 21, '62. William G. Burke, Oct. 9, '61; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate July 20, '63. Charles
A. Briggs. Oct. 9, '61; died at Washington, D. C, Jan.
21, '62. Lewis Blackman, Oct. 23, '6i; deserted June
I, '62. Francis E. Carman, Sept. 9, '61; veteran.
Thomas Cassiday, Sept. 23, '63; drafted. Stephen Cil-
fris, Sept. 23, 1863; drafted. William Cilfris, Sept. 21,
'63; drafted. Frank Cilfris, Jan. 23, '65. Hamilton
H. Carey, Sept. 25, '62; discharged by general order
June 25, 1865. George B. Carey, September 17, '61;
mustered out November 5, '64. William Castello,
Sept. 24, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Robert
Clark, Nov. 10, '63; drafted; transferred to U. S. Navy
June 8, '64. Lewis Cilfris, Sept. 23, '63 ; drafted;
died at Morris Island, S. C., Nov. 13, '64. James
Countryman, Sept. 28, '63; drafted: died at Morris
Island, S. C, Nov. 24, '64. Searight Conner. Oct. 9,
1861; deserted Mar. 25, '62. A. M. Dalloway, Mar.
3, '65. William T. Delzell, Sept. 23, '63 ; drafted.
Benjamin F. Dunn, Nov. 4, '63; drafted. George S.
Dash, Mar. 14, '64. Frederick H. Ducel, Mar. 11,
1864. John Y. Davis, Mar. 22, '64; never joined com-
pany. Charles G. Dilts, Oct. 9, '61 ; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate Oct. 29, '6t,. Elias Davis, Oct. 9,
1S61; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 25, '63.
Charles M. Dodson, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate Sept. 4, '62. Samuel Everett, Oct. 15,
'63; drafted. Nelson S. Eveland, Sept. 2, '61; dis-
charged by general order June 21, '65; veteran. James
Eddy, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate
Feb. 26, '62. Jacob Frace, Oct. 24, '62; absent, sick,
at muster out. William Frace, Mar. 18, '64. George H.
Frace, Mar. 11, '64. William H. Frace, Mar. 18, '64;
discharged by general order June 8, '65. Thomas H.
Farrell, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on writ of habeas corpus,
Oct. 10, '61; minor. John Frace, Oct. 9, '61; captured;
died at Andersonville, Ga., Dec. 26, '64; veteran. George
Greenwalt, Mar. 14, '64. Charles M. Greenwalt, Feb.
23, '64. George derringer, Oct. 12, '63. John Gaven,
Sept. 9, '61; veteran. Frederick Grumm, Oct. 14, '61;
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Prentis Gavitt, Sept. 10, '61;
COMPANIES A AND K KII-TY-SECOND REGIMENT.
I 'J
died Nov. 17, '61. John C.illniore, Oct. 15, '63; drafted;
died at Morris Island, S. C, June 28/64. John Ciriffin,
Oct. 9, '61; deserted Aug. 16, "62. John Huntsman,
Oct. 8, '61; veteran. Henry Hopes, Nov. 9, '63; drafted.
William Home, Nov, 6, '63; drafted. William Hypher,
Nov. 6, "63; drafted. Joseph A. Harter, Mar. 14, '64.
Michael Halpin, Sept. ii, '62; discharged June 13, '65.
William Huff, Sept. 26, '61; discharged June 25, '65.
Nelson B. Hedden, Aug. 27, '61; mustered out Nov. 5,
'64. Jacob Hess, Aug. 27, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
Thomas Haley, Aug. 20, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
.Arthur B. Hedden, Oct. 9. '61; discharged Sept. 23, '62,
for wounds received at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, '62. Jo-
seph Housel, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certi-
ficate Sept. 18, '62. Thomas Hoover, Oct. 9, '61; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Aug. ii, '62. Henry
Harrington, Oct. 9, '61; transferred to veteran reserve
corps, Nov. 15, '63. Edward J. Hudson, Aug. 16, '64;
died at Hilton Head, S. C, Jan, 19, '65. Samuel W.
Hess, Oct. 9, '61; died at Washington, I). C., Dec. 28,'6i.
Reuben Hoffman, Oct. 9, '61; died June 9, '62; buried
at Annapolis, .Md. John S. Jenkins, Apr. 7, '62; mus-
tered out May 5, '65. Robert Jenkins, Oct. 23, '61; dis-
charged Sept. 30, '62, for wounds received at Fair Oaks,
Va., May 31, '62. Thomas J. Jenkins, Oct. 9, '61; died
July, '64, of wounds received at Fort Johnson, S. C, July
3, '64. Thomas Killian, Mar. 7, '65. Michael Keef, Aug.
16, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64, Benjamin Krother,
Oct. 9, '61; discharged Sept. 26, '62, for wounds received
at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, '62. James Kitchen, Oct. 9,
'61; died at Washington, D. C"., Dec. 6, '61. Daniel
Learch, Oct. 15, '63-. drafted. Francis S. Lope, Oct. 15,
'63; drafted. Thomas G. T,itts, Sept. 2, '63; drafted;
discharged June 28, '65. Martin P. Lutz, Oct. 9, '61;
discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 3, '62. Frederick
Laubach, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate
Oct. 27, '62. Patrick Lynch, Sept. 17, '61; deserted Sept.
24, '61. Chester B. Monega, Oct. 7, '61; veteran. John
Miller, Sept. 24; '63; drafted. Nelson P. Morgan, Sept.
23, '63; drafted. John F. Mahler, Mar. 22, '64. Albert
J. Meeker, Mar. 31, '64. Freeman Mock, Mar. 22, '64.
J. A. Megargal, Oct. 17, '64. William Millham. Mar. 28,
'62; mustered out May 5, "65. Reeder D. Myers, Aug.
29, '61; captured July 3, '64; died at Andersonville, CJa.,
Dec. 22, '64. Jonas Miller, Sept. 5, '61; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. William R. Mott, Sept. 9, '61; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. Michael Mulrey, Oct. 8, '61; prisoner from
July 3, to Dec. i, '64; mustered out Mar. i, '65, to date
Dec. 5, '64. Nicholas Miller, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on
surgeon's certificate Sept. 18, '62. Joseph P. Murray,
Oct. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 1, '61.
Ambrose Myers, Oct. 9, '61; died at Baltimore, Md.,
June 22. '62. Charles W. Marks, .Sept. 23, '63; drafted;
deserted June 8, '64. Thomas M'Ciarle, Oct. 8, '61; vet-
eran. John R. M'Cool, Nov. 7, '63; drafted. Thomas
M'Cann.Oct. 9,'6i; discharged on surgeon's certificate May
9, '63. Franklin M'Bride, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate Jan. 15, '62. Thomas M'Cormick, Oct.
9, '61; deserted Aug. 16, '62. Christian Orts, Sept. 18,
■61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Elirtet Orts, Sept. 16, '61;
died at Hilton Head, S. C, Mar. 15, '64; veteran.
George S. Pierce, Mar. 21, '64. James M. Petty, P'eb. 23,
'64. William Payne, Feb. 23, '64. John H. Palmer, Oct.
9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Aug. 31, '62.
Abraham D. Patterson, ( )ct. 9, '61 ; discharged on surgeon's
certificate June 2, '63. Edward Rogers. Nov. 6, '63;
drafted. Samuel Roberts, Oct. 17, '61 ; veteran. George
Race, .\pr. 9, '64. Patrick Riter, Sept. 24, 63;
drafted. George W. Russell, Mar. 7, '65. Wil-
liam Renshaw, Oct. 10, '62; discharged on surgeon's
certificate Mar. 17, '65. David M. Reese, Sept. 2, '61;
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Charles S. Rainow, Sept. 17,
'61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. James Russell, Sept.
2, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. George W. Runer,
Oct. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 21.
'61. Jacob Smith, Nov. 2, '61; drafted. George W,
Smith, Nov. 4, '63, drafted; absent in parole camp at
muster out. Earnest Smith, July 15, '63; drafted
John A. Stiers, Oct. 17, '63; drafted. .Moses Sender.
Mar. 21, '64. Peter Swariwood, Mar. 31, '64. Wash-
ington St. Clair, .Aug. 29, '64; discharged June 25, '65
John Seely, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate .\ug. II, '62. William Simmons, Sept. 16, '61;
discharged June 15, '65, to accept promotion in io4lh
U. S. colored troops, .\braliam St. Clair, Oct. 9, '61:
discharged on sugeon's certificate July 15, '62. Bern-
Bernard P. Smith, Oct. 9, '61; discharged .Vug. 14. '62,
for wounds received at Fair Oaks, \'a.. May 18, "62.
Joseph T. Stach, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's
certificate .\ug. 11, '62. Robert M Stepliens, .\ug. zS.
'61; transferred to i2th N. V. artillery .April 9, '62.
Matthew Smith, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; transferred to
U. S. navy June 8, '64. William Smith. Oct. 9. '63;
John F. Thomas, Sept. 9, '61; mustered out Nov. 5,
'64. David W. Turner, Aug. 28, '61; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. John M. Taylor, May 5, '62; mustered
out May 25, '65. Patrick Tahan, Oct. 9, '61; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 26, '62. Robert
Troup, Oct. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate
June 14, '63. Thomas Timms, Sept. 16, '61; di^-
charged Sept. 21, '61. Shadrack Vanhorn, Oct. 9.
'61; died at Harveyville, Luzerne county. Pa., .April 17.
'62. William Ward, .Aug, 16, '64; discharged June
30, '65; William S. Withers, Oct. 9, '61; discharged
on writ of /ia/>eas corpus Oct. 10, '61; minor. Lewis
Whitaker, Oct. 23, '61; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate April 20, '61. Thomas Williams, Nov. 4, '63:
drafted ; deserted March 17, '65. .Augustus Weeks.
Oct. 9, '61; deserted October 30, '61. Fletcher D
Yaple, Oct. 9, '61; |)romoted to hospital steward U. S
A. May 9, '63.
COMP.^NV R.
Most of the members of this company were mustered
in on the nth of October, 1861, and that date will be
understood when no other is given.
Officers. — Captains — Thomas B.Joncs; promoted major
lanuary 9, '64. R. W. Bannatyne; jiromoted from first
sergeant to second lieutenant Sept. 27, '62; to first lieu-
tenant Mardi 31, '63; capt. Jan. 9, '64. ist lieuts. —
Charles Russell; resigned Oct. 29, '62. Norman P. Farr.
promoted from cnrp. to sergt.; 2nd lieut. June 13. '63:
ist lieut. Jan. 9, '64. 2nd lieuts.— Joseph L. Bemler;
resigned Feb. 26. '62. Pliilo M. Burr; promoted from
1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Jan. 9, '64; ca\A. company C June
I, '65; not mustered. 1st sergt., William J. Vaughn; com
missioned 2nd lieut. June i, '65; not mustered; veteran.
Sergts. — H. W. Robinson; veteran. Henry D. Kasson;
promoted from corp. to sergt. Nov. 6, '64; veteran.
Oscar P. Hulbert; promoted from corp. to sergt. Nov
6, '64; vet. Alden M. Wilson; promoted from corp
to sergt. Nov. 6, '64. Wesley Billings; promoted from
corp. to sergt. April 19. '62; mustered out Nov. 5, '64
Joseph Shannon; promoted from corp. to sergt. Dec. 1.
■63; absent, sick, at muster out. Harry B. Brown; pro
moted from corp. to sergl. Jan. 9, '64; mustered out Nov
5, '64. Jerome T. Furman; promoted 2n(l lieut. is;
[egiment S. C. C. T. Aug. 29, '63. Alva Fasceti
discharged Aug. 11, '62, from wounds received in action
George D. Lott; promoted sergt. April 19. '62; discharg
ed Sept. 22, '62, from wounds received at Fair Oaks May
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
31, '62. Henry N. Sterling; jiromoted sergt. maj. Nov.
5, '61. George H. Sterling; promoted sergt. maj. Nov. 14,
"'62. Frank C. Hnnnell. Sept. 20, '61; promoted Q. sergt.
March i, 62, Corporals— Culb't B. Robinson, Feb. 29,
'64; veteran. Thomas W. Evans; veteran. Nelson N.
Moody; promoted corp. Nov. 6,'64; vet. Abel A.Carter,
F'eb. 29, '64; promoted corp Nov. 6, '64; vet. William H.
Kishbangh; jtromoted corp. Nov. 6, '64; vet. Edwin A.
Dewoif; promoted corp. Nov. 6, '64; vet. Daniel C.
Low, Feb. 29, '64; promoted cor|). Nov. 6, 64; vet. Levi
F. Drake, Feb 29, '64; promoted corp. Nov. 6, '64; vet.
George W. Jayne; promoted corp. Aug. '62; mustered
out Nov. 5. '64. George L. Kennard; promoted corp.
Jan. 19, '64; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. James P. K.
Wilson; jiromoted corp. Aug. i, '62; mustered out Nov.
5, '64. Allen E. Fassett; promoted corp. Nov. 19, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate May 19, '62. Jacob A.
Cook; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 19, '62. Ammond
Hatfield; died at Yorktown, Va., May 31, '62. Theo-
dore Barton; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, '62.
Musician, Benjamin Bullock; discharged on surg's cer-
tificate Sept. 24, '62.
Privates. — Augustus .-^shton, Feb. 24, '65. Nelson B.
Allen, Sept. 16, '62; discharged by general order June
24, '65. Elisha K. Adams; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
Oscar R. .Adams; absent, sick at muster out. Gilbert H.
Adams; Mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Thomas Adams;
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Seril A. Adams; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. Peter Alldred; promoted hosp. st. A]:iril 30,
'64; vet. Daniel Adams, Mar. 23, 64; died at Hilton
Head, S. C, June 7, '64. Chand. N. Burgess; vet.
Benjamin Baker, Sept. 22^, '63; drafted. Hiram Brink,
Seiit. 23, '63; .drafted. \Villiam .\. ISates, Sept. 12, '62;
discharged on surg's certificate June 4, '63. Thaddeus
F. Bullard, Sept. 12, '62; discharged on surg's certificate
Dec. 27, '62. Jonathan Brewer, Sept. 16, '62; discharged
June 2, '65. Richard D, Bird, Sept. 16, '62; discharged
on surg's certificate Oct. 31, '62. William S. Beebe, .\ug.
16, '64; discharged June 24, '65. Solomon Burke, Sept.
26, '64; drafted; discharged June 24, 65. Edwin Robin-
son, jr.; absent on detached duty at muster out. Frank
M. Buck; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. William Craft, July
24, '63; drafted. Richard Cook, Feb. 24, '65. Isaac V.
Cooper, March 7, '65. Nathan Colb, Sept. 24, '63; draft-
ed. Thomas Crompton, Sept. 16, '62; discharged on
surg's certificate Jan. 12, '63. John L. Cole, Sept. 16,
'62; discharged June 24, '65. Martin H. Conger, Sept.
16, '62; discharged on surg's certificate Feb. 12, '63.
.•\lanson Carrier, Aug. i, '64; discharged June 24, '65.
Michael Cover, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June
24, '65. James Cleary; transferred to Fitch's N. Y.
battery July 25, '62. Clanson L. Cool; discharged
on surg's certificate Jan. 11, '63. Philip H. Cole, Mar.
7, '64; died at Morris island, S. C, Nov. 23, '64. John
J. Colberson, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; died at Morris
island Nov. 23, '64. Nathaniel F. Dickinson; veteran.
Charles L. Dood, July 24, '63; drafted. Winfield
S. Davis, Jan. 24, '65. Richard Davis, Jan. 19, '65.
Morgan Deiner, Sept. 28, '63; drafted; discharged June
24, '65. C. M. Eggleston, March 8, '64. Miles East-
man; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Earl Ellis; dis-
charged Feb. 12, '63, from wounds received in action.
Thomas Ellis, transferred to 5th U. S. artillery, '62.
Miner Ellis, deserted May 4, '62. Wm. H. Furman,
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. John C. F'raley, mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. Ebenezer Fisk, discharged on surgeon's
certificate Nov. 5, '61. Asa H. Frear, discharged on sur-
geon's certificate Sept. 9, '63. Nelson F'inney, discharged
on surgeon's certificate May 19, '62. Henry Ferris, died
Dec. 25, '61. Levi L. F'erris, killed at Fair Oaks, Va.,
May 31, '62. Thomas Griffith, Feb. 25, '6,s. John G.
Gilmartin, Oct. 29, '63; drafted. George H. Gaylord,
Sept. 16, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March
10, '63. William H. Gavitt, Sept. 28, '63; drafted; pro-
moted chaplain May 21, 64. James W. Gavitt, ."Xug. 24,
'64; discharged June 24, '65. Aaron I), Grow, dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 11, '63. Daniel
Graves, died at Yorktown, Va., June 10, '62. Jude
Goodale, deserted Oct. i, '62. George W. Graham, Nov.
9, '63; drafted; deserted June 17, '64, N. Hilderbrand,
Mar. 31, '64. Adam Heller, Nov. 7, '63; drafted. Jos.
Hendrickson, Sept. 24, '63; drafted. Charles Hile, Sept.
24, '63; drafted. James Hoagland, Sept. 24, '63;
drafted. John B. Heller, Sept. 28, '63; drafted; dis-
charged June 24, '65. Lewis Hautz, Aug. 20, '62; dis-
charged June 24, '65. Miles Hadsall, discharged on sur-
geon's certificate April 16, '63. Alonzo Hart, discharged
on surgeon's certificate Feb. 25, '62. DeWitt Haynes,
died June 5, '62, from wounds received at Seven Pines
May 24, '62. Charles Hunsinger, died at Beaufort, S. C,
Dec. 19, '63. Nathaniel Josling, Mar. 14, '64. Jonathan
Jones, veteran. William Joes, Aug. 21, '62; discharged
June 24, '65. John C. Jaynes, Sept. 16, '62; discharged
June 24, '65. Harman M. Jaynes, Sept. '16, 62; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 11, 63. Jud'son W.
Jaynes; discharged on surg. certificate Sept. 27, '63.
Albert Jennings; discharged Sept. i, '62, for wounds
received in action. John M. Johnston; discharged on
surg. certificate Aug. i, '63. Nelson Kresse, Nov. 2, "63;
drafted. Jacob Kale, Sept. 21, '73; drafted. Levi R.
Kisler, Sept. 24, '63; drafted. Lew Keller, Sept. 25, 'dy,
drafted. Gustavus A. Kerlin, Feb. 24, '65. Darius
Knappin; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Charles Living-
ston, Sept. 24, '63. drafted; discharged July 7, '65.
George Lock, Se]5t. 25, '63; drafted. Charles O. Light,
Aug. 15, '64; discharged Aug. 26, '65. George M. Lull,
Mar. S, '62; discharged on surg. certificate Mar. 30, '65.
Anson Lathrop, Mar. 28, '62; discharged June 9, '65.
Jared Lillie, Aug. 27, '64; discharged June 24, '65. George
L. Low; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Delaven Leroy; dis-
charged on surg. certificate Feb. 12, '63. Jacob C. Max-
well, Aug. 29,. '64. Myron Ma.xwell, Mar. 9, '64. Philip
Miller, Mar. 15, '65. Uriah H. Mourey, -Aug. i, '64; dis-
charged June 24, '65. Joseph B. Maxwell; mustered
out Nov. 5, '64. John 1). Maxwell; mustered out Nov.
5, '64. John F. Miller; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. George
S. Martin; discharged on surg. certificate Sept. 26, '62.
William B. Morgan, Mar. 24, '64; died at Morris island,
S. C, Dec. 26, "'64. Joab M'Garr, Aug. 27, '62; dis-
charged on surg certificate Dec. 27, '62. Roland
Nease, Nov. 2, '63; drafted. Calvin G. Newman, Feb.
24, '65. John P. Orchard, Feb. 24, '65. Samuel K.
Osborn, Feb. 19, '62; discharged on surg's certificate
June 4, '63. Paul J. Overfield; mustered out Nov. 5,
'64. George W. Oliver; absent, sick, at muster out.
Charles JA. Oliver; died Jime 11, '62, from wounds re-
ceived at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, '62. Jo.seph Ogden,
Mar. 28, '64; died at Morris Island, S. C, June 27, '64.
Silas H. Pierson, Sept. 20, '62. Edward Place; mus-
tered out Nov. 5, '64. William Pnewman, Sept. 22, '62;
transferred to vetera.i reserve corps Mar. 15, '65. John
H. Riker, Mar. 14, '64; absent, sick, at muster out.
Henry Rhoads, Mar. 14, '65. Abrini Rinker; mustered
out Nov. 5, '64. Wilson Russell; discharged on surg.
certificate Nov. 20, '62. Jacob W. Sharp, Nov. 24, '63;
drafted. Henry Sower, Feb. 24, '65. James Sweeney,
Sept. 23, '63; drafted, Andrew Snowden, Nov. 5, '63;
drafted. John O. Shingler, Sept. 24, '63; drafted. Joel
15. Sherwood, Mar. 8, '64. Michael SliKer, Jan. 24, '65.
Edward G. Sterling. Sept. 16, '62; discharged June 24,
'65. Edward B. Sturdevant, Sept. 16, '62; discharged
June 24, '63. Josiah Sterling, Mar. 7, '64; discharged
COMTAW I', III'TY-SECONI) Rl'.C I MIA"
on siirg. certificate Feb. 4, '65. Jonathan Snyder, Sepi,
26, '64; drafted; discliarged June 24, '65. JJiirrows 1).
Stocker, Feb. 25, '62; mustered out Mar. 18, '65. Porter
Sumner; transferred to gun-boat service Feb. 18, '62.
Davenport Shoemaker; mustered out Nov. 5, '64, Daniel
Slianer; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Daniel Sniitli; dis-
charged on surg. certificate Nov. i r, '61. Tilleston D.
Smith, Sept. 16, '62; deserted Nov. i, '64. Joshua
Trowbridge; deserted; returned July 12, '65. .\bram
L. Tiffany. George \V. Thurber, Sept. 24, '63;
drafted. Daniel B. Tompkins, Sept. 16, '62; discharged
June 24, '65. William 'I'hatcher, Aug. 20, '62; dis-
charged on surg"s certificate Mar. 29, '63. Jacob Tripp,
Aug. 30, '64; discharged June 24, '65. George 1'. Tif-
fany, mustered out Nov. 5, '64. George H. Titus,
mustered out Nov. 5, "64. Solomon N'ansicle, Sept. 16,
'62; discharged June 24. '65. William ^'anosedale,
Sept. I, '62; discharged June 24, '65. Robert Vanduzen.
Mar. 28, '64; died at Nlorris island, S. C, July 13. '64.
George D. Wright, Daniel .M. Wright, John I,. Woodruff,
Mar. 31, '64. Giles K. Wilcox, iMar. 3, '62; niuslerod
out Mar. 18, '65. Daniel W. Warner, Mar. 3, '62; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Dec. 3, '62. Alfred Wil-
liams, mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Charles Wright,
discharged Sept. 5, '62, for wounds received in action.
Danford \\akefield, discharged on surg's certificate
Dec. 28, '62.
COMPANY F.
Most of the members of this company were mustered
October 24th, 1861, and that date will be understood
where none is given.
Officers. — Captains- — James Cook, Sept. 5. '61; resigned
Oct. 2r, '63. Treat B. Camp, Sept. 21, '61; promoted
from first lieutenant to captain Oct. 22, '63. First lieu-
tenants — Burton K. Gustin; promoted from first sergeant
to first lieutenant Dec. 21, '63; mustered out Jan. 27, '65.
Charles E. Britton: promoted from first sergeant to first
lieutenant June 3, '65; veteran. Second liei:tenants—
Ransom W. Luther, Sept. 19. '61; resigned June 21, '62.
Nelson Orchard; jiromoted from sergt. to 2nd lieut.
Sept. 27, '62; dismissed Sept. 13, '63. Alson Secor; pro-
moted from ist sergt. to 2nd lieut. Mar. 27, '64; mustered
out Jan. 27, '65; veteran. First sergeants — Niram A.
Fuller; promoted from sergt. to ist sergt.; veteran.
Charles L. Camp; discharged on surg's certificate June 2,
'63. Sergeants — Andrew Mellville; promoted from corp.
to sergt. Jan. 17, '64; veteran. Stephen C. Hall; i)ro-
moted Corp. Jan. 17, '64; sergt. Alay i, '65; veteran.
Charles W. Keller; jaromoted corp. Jan. 17, '64; sergt.
May I, '65; veteran. Leander Overjieck; prisoner from
July 3, '64, to Feb. 24, '65; mustered out Mar. 1, '65.
Ale.xander Nealy; i)risoner from July 3, '64, to l-eb. 26,
'65; mustered out Mar. 3, '65. Luther W. Welch; pro-
moted from corp. to sergt. April 13, '62; discharged
on surg's certificate Nov. 16, '62. Corporals — John
M'Carty, Nov. 2, '63 ; drafted ; promoted cor-
poral Nov. 23, '64. Harrison N. Molt; promoted
cori)oral Jan. i, '65; captured at Fort Johnson
S. C., July 3, '64; dbsent at muster out; veteran. Lewis
D. Town; promoted corporal Jan. i, '65; captured at
Fort Johnson, S. C, July 3. '64; returned May 26. '65.
George Fink; ijromoted corporal NLny t,'65; veteran
Edward P. M'Kittrick, July 15, '63; drafted; promoted
corporal ^L^y i, '65. Samuel ,\L Sorber, Mar. 11, '64;
promoted corporal July i, '65. Charles Hallstead, Feb.
16, '65; promoted corporal July i, '65. Rufus I'. Lind-
ley; discharged June 12, '65 ; veteran. Jeremiah Gillin-
ger; promoted corporal A|)ril 13, '62; mustered out Nov.
5, '64. D.ivis Brooks; promoted corporal Dec. i. '63:
16
mustered out. Retiben H. Di.\on; promoted corp. Dec.
I, '63; cai>tured July 3, '64; absent at muster out.
George H. Wheat; promoted corp. April 5, '64; captured
July 3, '64; absent at muster. George S. Goodwin; dis-
< h.irged on surgeon's certificate July 27, '62. .Marshall
\\ heeler; dischargeti on surgeon's certificate May 23,
'62. Samuel Duncan; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
vite Feb. 12, '63. Ebcnezer Ch.ise; died at Brooklyn,
N. Y., July 28. '62. Musicians — Russell Miller; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate April 20, '64. Albert N.
Barney; promoted principal musician July 4, '61; veteran.
Privatcf. — John Avery; prisoner from July 3 to Nov.
30, '64; mustered out D;i\ 5. '64. Jacob Agnew; died
at N'oiktown, Va., Nov. 28. '62. Lucius .Adams; died at
\orktown. Va., Oct. 12, '62. Lewis Botzcn, Sept. 24,
'63; drafted; captured Julv 3, '64; absent ai muster out.
John O. Baker, Sept 24, '63; drafted. Alonzo Bell,
Sept. 24, '63; drafted; captured July 3, '64; absent at
muster out. Daniel Butcher, Oct. 15, '63; drafted. Orel
Bailey; captured July 3, '64; absent at muster out.
Frederick Burgess; discharged on surg.'s certificate Sept.
27, '62. T. C. Buffington; transferred to veteran reserve
corps Nov. 15, '63. John Bailey; died NLiy 17. '62. Levi
Barnttt; died at Washington. I). C, I*"eb. 25, '62. Ver-
non C. Capwell. Sept. 27, '63; drafted. John Conway,
Sept. 24, '63; drafted. James Canince. Sept. 24, '63;
drafted; captured July 3, '64; absent at muster out.
Edward Cavanee, NLir. 14, '64; captured July 3, '64; re-
turned May 14, '65. Henry Cavanee, NLar. 23, '64. John
Caterson; veteran. Almon_ F. Camp; mustered out Nov,
5, '64. Benjamin Cornell; prisoner from July 3, '64, to
Mar. 3, "65; mustered out .\Lir. 8, '65. Daniel L.Clark;
captured July 3, '64; absent at muster out. Jonathan A.
Clark; captured July 3, '64; absent at muster out. Wil-
liam A. Campbell; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Thomas
Conner, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; discharged on surg's cer-
tificate Oct. 26, '64. Lawrence Connelly; discharged on
surg's certificate June 2, '63. Vernon C. Capwell; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Oct. 7, '63. Curtis R. Dun-
more; transferred to 8lh N. V. artillery July 6, '62.
Patrick Devaney, William Dougherty and James Duffy;
captured luly 3. '64; absent at muster out. Chester
Dodge; died at Georgetown, D. C.. Jan. 31, '62. Henry
Esterbrook, Feb. 16, '65; discharged June 14, '65. Dan-
iel Engle; discharged on surg's certificate Nov. 6, '61.
James Flinn; discharged on surg's certificate .Aug. 10.
'62. Thomas Ferguson, Nov. 13, '63; drafted: discharg-
ed on surg's certilicate Sept. i, '64. Ebene/.er Freeland;
died, 1862, of wounds received at explosion of gunboat
" Mound City," at Fort Henry, Tenn. Alfred Forrest; de-
serted Oct. 24, '61. Casper G. Griffin; veteran. William
Gensle, ^L^r. 14, '64. John'Gearns; transferred to 7th N.V.
artillery .-Vpr. 6, '62. Herman S. Graeff, Sejjt. 28, '63; draft-
ed; died at .Morris island, S. C, July i,'64. Ezra Grub, Mar.
7, '64; died at Morris island, S. C., Aug. 26, '64. Judge
(iustin; killed at Fort Johnson, S. C. July' 3, '64. Leslie
Hawley, Sept. 3o,'63; drafted; cai)tured July 3, '64; absent
at muster out. John NL Hartman, Sept. 30, '63; drafted;
cajjtured Julv 3. '64. Henry
drafted. Miller Hilton, Aug. 15
luly 6, 64. Richard Hallstead,
captured July 3, "64; returned
Haring, July 22, '63; drafted;
Horn, Sept. 25, '63;
'63; drafted; captured
Oct. 31. '63; drafted;
May 15,
captured
July
David
3. '64-
David"H.illeck; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. W.J N. Hen-
son; discharged on surg's certificate, Oct. 14, '62. Sirnon
B. Henson; disch.irged on surg's certificate, Nov. 17, '61.
lleorgeW. Harper, Sept. 30, '63; drafted; deserted March
17, '65. J.nmes H. Howe, NLirch 11. 'O4; deserted May
29, '64. c;harlcs A. Howe, April 12, '65; discharged
June 23, '65. Harlan Howe, April 12, '65; discharged
"lune 2^. '6; Albert V. lerauld, March 10, '65. Albert
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
4h
V. Jenkins, Oct. 3, '61; discharged on surg's certificate
May 9/63. (ieorge H. Knii;ht; veteran. Jacob Kiall, Oct.
27, '63; drafted. William Kennedy, Sept. 24, '63; drafted;
prisoner from July 3, '64, to May 7, '65; discharged June
25, '65. Henry Kerns; died at Philadel]ihia, Pa., Ang.
15, '63. Peter Klausen, Sept. 23, '63; drafted; captured;
died at Florence, S. C, Oct. 4, '64. Wm. Linderman,
Sept. 24, '63; drafted; captured July 3, '64; returned
May 14, '65. David Lake, July 24. '63; draf
tured July 3, '64. James K. Lunger, March
drafted; captured July 3, '64; returned May
William Love, April 13, '64. Burton Luther,
July 3, '63; absent at muster out. Hiram Lathro|i, dis
charged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 8, '62. M\ron La
throp, discharged on surg's certificate Feb. 28,
Sylvester Moyars, Mar. 22, '64. Milo Moyers, Mai
'64; captured July 3, '64. Nelson Ming, Mar. 21,
Newell M. Mattison, discharged on surg's certificate
April 19, '62. John Murphy, Oct. 24, '64; discharged
on surg's certificate, April' 6, '64. Royal Morton
ed; cap-
Mi '64;
14. '65.
captured
'68.
•64.
John
, dis-
Mil-
charged on surg's certificate Feb. 27,
ler, Sept. 26, 63; drafted; died July 10, '64, at Charles-
ton, S. C, of wounds received at Fort Johnson, S. C,
July 3, '64. Edwin S. Muidock, Sept. 24, '63; drafted;
died at Annajjolis, Md., April 11, '65. John M'Clerkin,
Sept. 24, '63; drafted. William M. M'Donald, Sept. 24,
'63; drafted; captured July 3, '64. William Newman,
Sept. 25, '63; drafted; captured July 3, '64. S\lvanus
Nicholas, prisoner from July 3 to Dec. 10, '64; mustered
out Dec. 16, '64. Solomon Nelson, died at Washington,
D. C, Feb. 15, 62. John O'Neil, Sept. 24, '64; drafted;
deserted June 3, '64. Jesse Foley, June 22, '63; drafted.
Alfred Parsons, Sept. 24, '64; drafted. Daniel B. Pal-
mer, Sept. 29, '64; discharged June 4, '65. Jacob A.
Palmer, captured; died at Florence, S. C, Nov., '64; vet-
eran. Clarence Piatt, discharged on wrh of //n/'cas ivr/'us.
Isaac T. Pelham, discharged on surg's certificate Mar. 21,
'63. Martin G. Palmer, discharged on surg's certificate
Mar. 2, '63. John Pruyne, killed at Lee's Mills, Va., May
4, '62. James Riley, Sept. 25, 63; drafted; captured
July 3, '65; absent at muster out. Nicholas Raber, Sept.
24, '63; drafted; captured July 3, '64; discharged by
general order July 18, '65. L. E. Richardson, Feb, 16,
'65. John Smith, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; cajitured
July 3, '64. Thomas Smith, Oct. 26, '63; drafted.
Henry Schopback, Sept. 24, '63; drafted. Josiah Stout,
July 22, '63, drafted; died at Harrisburg, Pa., Aug. 2, '65.
Frederick Slagle, July 24, '63; drafted. Thomas H.
Shaw, Oct. 29, '63; drafted; captured July 3, '64. James
B. Spencer, Feb. 16, '65; absent, sick, at muster out.
D. G. Sturdevant, mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Andrew
Singer, mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Benjamin F. Sayer,
Oct. 30' '63; drafted; discharged on surg's certificate
ALay 31, 65. Peter Shaffer, Sept. 23, '63; drafted; cap-
tured; died at Andersonville, Ga., April 28, '64.
John I,. Shove; discharged on surg's certificate June 16,
'62. Benjamin L Towne, March 17, '64. Edwin Thatcher,
Feb. 16, '65. Thomas Tinglebaugh; discharged on surg's
certificate June 4, '62. James Tattersall; discharged on
surg's certificate Aug. 13, '62. John Tamm, Sept. 24,
'63; drafted; died at Morris island, S. C, June 26, '64.
George W. Tamm; died at Washington, D. C, Feb. 4, '62.
James H. Westcott, Oct. 28, '63; drafted. Louis Werner,
Nov. II, '63; drafted. Orlando Watrous, Feb. 16, '65.
Henry Whitney, Feb. 17, '65. Benjamin S. Welter, Feb.
17, '65. John S. White; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
Richard Wolley; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Samuel A.
Warner; died at Annapolis, Md., December 11, '64.
Charles Williams, Sept. 23, '63; died at Germantown, Pa.,
Dec. 24. '64. William Walker; discharged on surg's cer-
tificate Feb. 16, "63. Nathan K. White; discharged on
surg's certificate June i, '63. Robert O. Wilson; dis"
charged on surg's certificate, Jan. 23, '63. D. T. White-
head; died at Newport News, Va., April 20, '62. Frank
Yeager, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; captured July 3, '64; ab-
sent at muster out.
COMP.'VNY H.
Officers. — Captains — Erwin R. Peckens, Aug. 22, '61;
resigned April 28, '63. John B. Fish, Aug. 31, '61; pro-
moted from ist lieut. to capt. July i, '63; mustered out
Jan. 27, '65. C. C. Brattenberg, Nov. 4, '61; promoted
from ist sergt. to 2nd lieut. June 3, '64; ist lieut. June
3, '65; capt. June 24, '65; veteran, ist lieut., James
G. Stevens, Sept. ig, '61; promoted from 2nd to ist
lieut. Nov. 13, '63; captured July 3, '64; died at Blakley,
Luzerne county. Pa., April 7, '65. 2nd lieut., David
Wigton, Nov. 4, '61; promoted from sergt. to 2nd
lieut. Nov. 13. '63; resigned March it^, '64. ist
sergts. — Joseph R. Roberts, Nov. 4, '61; promoted
from sergt. to ist sergt. Nov. 5, '64; commissioned
2nd lieut. March 26, '65, and ist lieut. June 5, '65; not
mustered; veteran. Joseph Bell, Nov. 4, '61; promoted
Corp. Jan. 11. '62; sergt. Aug. 5, '62; 1st sergt. June 3, '64;
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Sergts. — William W. Archer,
Nov. 4, '61; commissioned 2nd lieut. June 4, '65; not
mustered; veteran. Abram C. Greiner, Nov. 4, '61; pro-
moted from Corp. to sergt. Nov. 5, '64; veteran. Moses
D. Fuller, Nov. '61; promoted from corp. to sergt. Nov.
5, '64; veteran. Enos Boyntcn, Oct. 24, '65; promoted
corp. June 3, '64; sergt. Nov. 5, '64; mustered out with
company, July 12, '65. George W. Wilder, Nov. 4 '61;
promoted from corp. to sergt. Jan. i, '63; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. Reese Williams, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate, July 18, '62. Chauncey W. Watt, Nov.
4, '61; discharged on surg's certificate, Nov. 9. '62. Peter
B. Walter, Nov. 4, '61; promoted com. sergt. Nov. 5, '64;
veteran. Linton T. Roberts, Nov. 4, '61; promoted com.
sergt. Aug. 10, '63. Corps. — John A. Stoddard. Oct.
25, '62; promoted corp. Nov. 5, '64. Levi K. Kauffman,
Nov. 6, '63; drafted; promoted corp. Nov. 5, '64. James
E. Albree, Nov. 9, '63; drafted; promoted corp. Nov. 5,
'64. David Gerhard, Nov. 7, '63; drafted; promoted
corp. Nov. 5, '64. Charles Wagner, July 28, '63;
drafted; promoted corp. March 1, '65. John
L. Hull, Nov. 4, '62; promoted corp. May i, '65.
5, S. Penterbaugh, Nov. 4, '61; promoted corp. Nov.
5, '64; discharged July 25, '65; veteran. Robert Barnes,
Nov. 4, '61; promoted corp. Jan. i, '63; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. Herman C. MilUr, Nov. 4, '61; promoted
corp. Nov. 13, '63; '63; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
Amasa R. DeWolf, Nov. 4, '61; promoted corp. June
14, '64; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. William S. Hopkins,
Nov. 4, '61; promoted corp. Nov. 13, '63; mustered
out Nov. 4, '64. Nelson l^aRose, Nov. 4, '61; promoted
corp. Nov. 13, '64; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. John
.Ayers, Sept. 24, '62; drafted; discharged June 24, '65.
Charles M. A])pleman, Nov. 4, '61; promoted corp.
Jan. II. '62; discharged on surg's certificate Sept. 18,
'62. Nathan Brown, Nov. 4, '61; promoted corp,
Aug. 5, '62; discharged on surg's certificate March 8, '63.
Isaac H. Hermans, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate Oct. 31, '62. Harvey Steele, Oct. 28, '62,
drowned at Newbern, N. C, April 5, '65. Stephen D.
Bidwell, Nov. 4, '6t; died at Washington, D. C, Dec.
I I, '61. George C. Atherton, Nov. 4, '61; died at Wash-
ington, D. C, Dec. 14, '61. Edmund Jones, Nov. 4, '61;
deserted Aug. 16, '62. Musicians — Chester Brown, Nov.
4, '61; discharged on surg's certificate Sept. 17, '62.
Francis J. Furman, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate Oct. 4, '62.
Privates. — Jason .Ayers, Sept. i, '64. Mortimer Alton,
COMPANY II. MITY-SKCOM) RKC.IMENT.
'23
Hunting, Nov.
Sept. 1 1, '62.
transferred to
Oct. 2^, '62:
Nov. 4,
Joseph
Cieorge
H. M.
'64. lames
'64. Edwin
Nov. 5, '64.
June 24, '65.
Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. John C. .Adams,
Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Edward H.
Ashelman, Oct. 15, '63; drafted; died at Morris island,
S. C, July 12, '64. David Hryant, Oct. 23, '62; absent,
sick, at muster out. J. S. Buckwalter, Nov. i, '63;
dratted. David Baker, Oct. 13, '63; drafted. Conrad
Bacliman, March 23, '64; drafted. Jefferson Betz, Mar.
7, '64; drafted. Michael Blair, March 31, '64; drafted.
J. A. A. Burschel, Jan. 24, '65. Aaron Bishop,
'61; discharged on surg's ceriilicate July 3, '65.
Barnes, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
Brown, .\pril i, '62; mustered out June 12, '65.
4, '61; discharged on surg's certificate,
James K. Bunyon, July 24, '63; drafted;
U. S. navy, June 29, '64. Adam Barili,
died at Beaufort, S. C, Oct. iS, '64,
of wounds received at Eort Wagner Oct. 13, '64.
Thomas Burke, Sept. 24, '63; draftecl; deserted May 24,
'64. Charles Bisbing, Nov. 4, '61; deserted March 24,
'62. Thomas Coates, Sept. 24, '63; drafted. Peter Con-
nelly, Sept. 24, 63; drafted. Henry T. Coleman^ March
26, '64. Minor C. Connor, Feb. 27, '65. Pieman B.
Carey, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov. 5,
Coggins, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov. 5,
D. Cam[)bell, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out
.•Vndrew G. CoUum, Sept. i, "64; discharged
John Carpinger, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on surg"s certifi-
cate Nov. 26, '62. David Cole, Oct. 23, '62; died at
Vorktown, Va., Dec. 16, '62. \\'illiam H. Cramer, Oct.
15, '63; drafted; died at Morris island, S. C, July 16, '64.
Thomas Cooper, March 22, '64; died at Morris Island,
5. C, Sept. 13, '64. Richard R. Clift. Nov. 4, '61; died
at Washington, D. C, Feb. 28, '62. Elihu M. Dwight,
March 15, '64. Michael Doyle, April 4, '64. William
H, Dolph, Feb. 25, '65, William Evans, Nov. 4, '61;
mustered out Nov, 3, '64, Charles Evans, Sept. 24, '63;
drafted; deserted May 29, '64. John H. Fell, Nov. 4,
'61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Simeon Ferris, Nov. 4,
'61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Michael Flomm, Sept.
26, '64: drafted; discharged June 24, '65. Edward D.
Finney, Nov. 4, '61; died at Vorktown, Va., Oct. 25, '62.
Nicholas Flomm, Sept. 26, "64; drafted: discharged June
24, '65. Conrad Grab, Nov. 4, '61. John Gantz, Nov.
6, '62; drafted. John D. Griffith, Nov. 4, '61; mus-
tered out Nov. 5 '64 ; William C. Gaylord,
Nov. 4, '61; absent on detached duty, at e.x-
piration of term. Harvey H. Gray, March 24, '64; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Dec. 24, '62. Martin Groner,
Sept. 30, "63; drafted: discharged June 7, '65. Michael Gil-
bride, Aug. 13, '64; discharged June 24, '65. Henry Greiner,
Nov. 4, '61: discharged on surg's certificate, Dec. 6, '62.
David S. Gallatin, Stpt. 20, '63; drafted; transferred to
U. S. navy June 9, '64. John M. Gainor. Sept. 24, '63;
drafted; deserted |une 29, '64. George Hines, May 30,
■64. Stephen P. "Hull, Oct. 24, '62. Elliott Harris,
March 25, '64; drafted. Benjamin Houtz, Nov. 4, '61:
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Daniel Howell, Nov. 4, '61;
transferred to gunboat service Feb. 26, '62. Edward L.
Hubler, Aug. 22, '64; discharged June 24, '65. Jacob
Hines, Aug. 17, '62; discharged June 24, '65. Peter M.
Harvey, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on surg's certificate
Sept. 20, '62. George Hancock, Oct. 30, '63; drafted;
died at Hilton Head, S. C, Sept. 22, '64. Charles Heath,
Nov. 4, '61; died at Washington, D. C, Jan. 4, '62.
Wayne Harding, Nov. 4, '61; died at Hilton Head, S. C.,
May 2, '63. Edward Jones, March 29. '64. William
James, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Edward
Jones, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on surg's certificate Mar.
13, '63. Harry King. Sept. 24, '63; drafted. John M.
Kapp, Feb. 21, '65. Theodore Keeney, March 28, '64.
William Kelley, Nov. 4, '61: transferred to 7th N. V.
artillery July 25, '62. Charles Keech, Nov. 4, '6t; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Dec. 25, '62. Jacob C. Kint-
ner, Nov. 4, '61; transferred to signal corps April 28, '63.
Richard Lee, Sept. 20, '63; drafted; absent at Fort
("linch, Fla., by sentence of general court martial.
Thomas Lynch, Oct. 30, '63; drafted. Redmond Line.
March 31, '64. Anthony Long, Feb. 24, '65. John J.
La France, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64,
Aaron Lamberson, Aug. 22, '64; discharged June 24,
'65. Benjamin Myers, Sept. 26, '63; drafteti.
William Mutchler, March 18, '64. Simon Markey,
Nov. 4, 'Oi; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Owen
Moyless, Nov. 4, "6:; mastered out Nov. 5, "64.
Daniel Mahen, Sept. i, '62; discharged June 24,
'65. Herbert D. Nliller, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate Oct. 28, '63. Thomas Monlon, Nov. 2,
'63; drafted; transferred to V. S. navy June 9. '64.
Peter M'Cluskey, Oct. 13, '63; drafted. A. K M'Mur-
ray, Sept. 25, '63; drafted; absent on furlough at muster
out. John M'Lane, Aug. 17, '64; discharged June 24,
'65. Peter M'.Afee, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate F'eb. 12, '63. Arthur M'Gowan,
Sept. 23, '63; drafted; transferred to U. S. navy
June 9, '64. Patrick NLDonald, Sept. 24, '63;
drafted; died at Morris island, S. C, Feb. 12, '65.
Collin M'Callum, Nov. 4, '61; deserted Mar. 28, '62.
James Nelson, Oct. 23, '62. Nemison Northrop, Mar.
25, '64. Joseph Nash, F'eb. 24, '65. Michael O'Neil,
SejJt. 29, '63; drafted; absent, sick, at muster out. Jerry
O'Neil, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; discharged Mar. 10, '64.
Adam Oustead, Sept. 26, '63; drafted; discharged June
24, '65. Joseph Ollendick, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate Aug. 5, '63, John Patrick, Mar. 26, '64.
Charles R. Potter, Mar. 26, '64; absent, sick, at
muster out. F'rancis Pickering, Nov. 4, '61; mustered
out Nov. 5, '64. Meschack Phillips, Nov. 4, '61;
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. John E. Perry, Sept.
23, '62; discharged June 24, '65. Simon Rhoads,
F'eb. 21, '65. John Rodimer, Nov. 4, '61; mustered
out Nov. 5, '64. Charles P. Ross, Aug. 15, 61;
promoted to com. sergt. Nov. 5, '61. Charles W. Rus-
sell, Nov. 4, '61; died at Washington, D. C, Nov. 18,
'61. Joseph A. Starner, Mar. 15, '64. William Stage,
Mar. 31, '64. Henry M. Sieger, Jan. 25, "65. James
Sieger, Feb. i, '65. Daniel C. Staples, Feb. 25, '65.
William H. Scull, Feb. 27, '65. William N. Smith, Nov.
4, '61; wounded at Fort Putnam, S. C.; absent at muster
out. Philitus Snedicor, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov.
5, '64. John F. Smith, Sept. 25, '61; discharged June
24, '65. David Spangler, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; dis-
charged June 24, '65. Philip Shrock, Sept. 26, '64;
drafted; discharged June 24, '65. Henry W. Skinner,
.\ug. 18, '64; discharged June 24, '65. George Smith,
Sept. 24, '63; drafted; discharged on surg's certificate
Dec. 12, '64. Joseph Seger, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate June 26, '63. Benjamin Saver.
Nov. 4.' 61; discharged on surg's certificate Feb.
11, '63. Leonard Torpyn, Nov. 4, '61. Charles Trent,
Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June 24, '65. Zebu-
Ion P. Travis; not on muster-out roll. Dillon N. Tay-
lor; Nov. 30, '63; died Mar. 14, '64. William H. Tur-
ner, Sept. 24, "63; drafted; deserted June 16, '64, Horace
L Vangilder, Oct. 27, '63: drafted. Holden T. Vaughn,
Oct. 29, '63; drafted. Thomas White, Se))t. z^, '63;
drafted. Henry Ward, Feb. 24, '65. Henry Williams
ist. Mar. 17. '65. M. G. Woodward, Mar. 22, '65. Frede-
rick Whitehead, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, 'C4.
Henry Williams 2nd, Nov. 4, '61: mustered out Nov. 5,
'64. Peter Weaver, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov. 5,
■64. John Walsh, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; discharged
Mar. 26, '64. William Winchester. Nov. -,. '63: drafted;
transferred to U. S. navy June 9, '64. Elias WoodrLiff,
Oct. 22, '62; died Mar. 7, '65. Samuel Zerfos, Sept.
26, '64; drafted; discharged June 24, '65.
coMP.^N^• 1.
Officers. — Captains — Beaton Smith, Aug. 22, '61; re-
signed May II, '63. Henry H. Jenks, Aug. 22, '61;
promoted from ist lieut. to capt. Nov. i, '63; absent, on
detached duty, at muster out. First lieutenants — Frede-
rick Fuller, Aug. 22, '61; promoted from 2nd to ist
lieut. Nov. I, '63; transferred to signal cor])s Jan. 11,
'62. Thomas Evans, Sept. 23, '61; promoted from corp.
to sergt. Feb. 5, '62; istsergt. Sept. 2, '62; ist lieut. Mar.
25, '64; captured July 3, '64; mustered out May 6, '65.
Second lieutenant, Edward W. Smith, Sept. 23, '61;
promoted from corp. to sergt. Dec. 6, '61; isl sergt.
Nov. 6, '63; 2nd lieut. Oct. 24, '64; commissioned
ist lieut. June 8, '65; not mustered. First sergeants —
Frank Early, Sept 23, '61; promoted from private to
ist sergt. Nov. i, 64; commissioned 2nd lieut. June
8, '65; not mustered; veteran Benjamin F. Jones,
Sept. 23, '61; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., .May 31, '62.
Sergeants — Matthew Richards, Sept. 23, '61; promoted
from corp. to sergt. Nov. 6, '64. David Evans, Sept. 23,
'61; promoted from corp. to sergt. Nov. 6, '64. Richard
Davis, Sept. 23, '61; promoted from jjrivate to sergt.
Nov. I, '64; veteran. John Edmonds, Sept. 24, '63;
drafted; promoted from corp. to sergt. Nov. 4, '64.
William H. Harris, Sept. 23, 61; mustered out Nov. 5,
'64. John Reason, Sept. 23, '61; promoted from corp
to sergt. Sept. 12, '64; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
Erastus Sowers, Sept. 23, 61; promoted from corp. to
sergt. Nov. 27, '62; prisoner from July 3 to Nov. 30, '64;
mustered out Dec. 5, '64. William H. Merritt, Sept. 23,
'61; promoted from corp. to sergt. Nov. '63; mustered
out Nov. 5, '64. Samuel Seitzinger, Oct. 5, '61;
transferred to 96th Pennsylvania volunteers Nov.
6, '61. Corporals — William Wood, July 24, '63;
drafted; promoted corp. Nov. 6, '64, John
Timball, July 22, '63; drafted; promoted corp.
Nov. 6, '64. Henry Colkert, Nov. 2, '63; drafted; pro-
moted corp. Nov. 6, '64. George W. Garrison, Sept. 24,
'63; drafted. Joseph Morgan, July 17, '63; drafted;
promoted corp. Nov. 6, '64, Thomas Morris, Oct. 29,
'63; drafted; promoted corp. Nov. 6, '64. John Gleason,
Mar. 9, '64; cajJtured July 3, '64; promoted corp. June
9, '65. Morris Hoover, Aug. 7, '64; discharged June 2,
'65. John P. Davis, Sept. 23, '61; promoted corj).
Dec. I, '63; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Thomas Davis,
Sept. 23,61; promoted corp. Dec. i, '63; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. Thomas A. Edwards, Sept. 23, '61;
promoted corp. Dec. i, '63; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
John Gallon, Sept. 23, '61; promoted from corp. Dec. i,
'63; prisoner from July 3 to Dec. 13, '64; mustered out
Dec. 18, '64. Samuel Smith, Sept. 23, '61; prisoner
from July 3 to Dec. 13, '64; mustered out Dec.
18, '64. Samuel Williams, Sejjt. 23, '61 ; jjromoted
corp. Sept. 2, '62; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. David Da-
vis, Sept. 23, '61; discharged on surg's certificate June i,
'63. William Jones, Sept. 23, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate, Jan. 20, '63. Daniel Walters, Sept. 29, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate May 8, '63. Thomas
Cosgrove, Sept. 23, '61; promoted to corp. Feb. 5, '62;
died June 3, '62. Alex. M'Gregor, Sefit. 23, '61; pro-
moted corp. Aug. 27, '62; died at YorktoWn, Va., Sept.
20, '62. Musician, Henry C. Neis, Sept. 23, '61; mus-
tered out Nov. 3, '64.
Privates.- — Henry Ackerman, Oct. 12, '61; deserted
Oct. 28, '61. Albert Barrick, Sept. 24, '63; drafted.
Charles Blatz, July 24, '63; drafted; captured July 3, '64;
absent at muster out. George Bainbridge, Sept. 23, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate June i, '63. Thomas
Berckle, Sept. 23, '61; discharged on surg's certificate
July 27, '62. Samuel Bryant, Sept. 23, '61; discharged
on surg's certificate Dec. 23, '62. W. H. M. Barron,
Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June 2, '65; John
Barkbile, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June 2, '65.
John M. Bonelby, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged
June 2, '65. John Blakely, Sept. 23, '63; drafted; died
Dec, 19, '64. Herman Bartouch, Sept. 23, '61; killed at
Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, '62. William Boyd, Sept. 26,
'63; drafted; deserted May 31, '64. John Rroadbent,
Oct. 12, '61; deserted Oct. 14, '61. Thomas Ball, Sept.
23, '61; deserted Sept. 25, '61; deserted Sept. 25, '61.
C. W. Constantine, July 24, '63; drafted. Jacob Court-
wright, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; absent, sick, at muster out.
Morgan E. Coon, Oct. 14, '63; drafted. William Cole,
Oct. 14, '63; drafted. Michael Cadden, Sept. 23, '61;
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Francis Cadden, Oct. 15, '61:
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Abraham Carver, Sept. 26, '64:
drafted; discharged June 10, '65. Henry F. Clay, Sept. 26,
'64; drafted; discharged June 2, '65. Thomas B. Clark,
Feb. 15, '62; mustered out June 14, '65. John S. Compton,
Aug. 24, '64; discharged June 12, '65. George W. Cromis,
Sept. 26, '61; discharged on surg's certificate April 2, '64.
Henry Clinton, July 30, '63; drafted; deserted Aug. 19,
'64. David H. (Patterson, Sept. 23, '61; deserted Sept.
23, '5i. Jabez Cole, Sept. 23, '61; deserted June i, '62.
William Caslett, Sept. 23, '61; deserted July 3, '62.
Reese H. Davis, Mar. 26, '64; absent, sick, at muster out.
Patrick Donnelly, Nov. 13, '64. Patrick Dunn, Mar. i,
'64. Daniel Davis, Oct. 5, '61; absent, sick, at muster
out. Jonathan Davis, SejM. it,, '61; mustered out Nov.
5, '64. James Davis, Sept. 23, '61; mustered out Nov. 5,
'64. James Dougherty, Sept, 24, '63; drafted; discharged
/^pril 28, '65. William Domer, Sept. 26, '64; drafted;
discharged June 2, '65. James Douglass, Sept. 24, '63;
drafted; transferred to U. S. navy, June 21, '64. David
I), Davis, Mar. 23, '64; captured; diedat Florence, S. C,
Oct. II, '64. Joseph Dale, Sept. 27, '61; died at Balti-
more, Md.. May 29, 62. John Decker, Nov. 31, '63;
drafted; deserted Aug. 19, '64. John Evans, Mar. 21,
'64; Richard Evans, Oct. 5, 61; mustered out Nov. 5,
'64. Josiah Engle, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged
June 2, '65. John Folan, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; cap-
tured July 3, '64. Joshua Fonicy, Sept. 26, '64; drafted;
discharged June 2, '65. Henry Gerger, Sept. 26, '64;
drafted; discharged June 2, '65. James Griffith, Jan. 10,
'64; discharged on surg's certificate Nev. 15, '64. Fran-
cis Green, Nov. 13, '63; drafted; died Aug. 9, ■ '64.
William H. Hadley, Mar. 17, '64; Isaac Hall, July 21,
'63; drafted; discharged July 10, '65. Joseph Holden,
Sept. 24, 63; drafted; prisoner from July 3, '64, to May
12, '65; discharged June 22, '65. Patrick Horrigan, Oct.
31, '63; drafted; captured Jidy 3, '64. Edward Howells,
Mar. 21, '64. George Hares, Sept. 23, '61; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. George W. Hunter, Sept. 23, '61; absent,
in arrest, at muster out. Solomon Hembaugh, Sept.
26, '64; drafted; discharged June 2, '65. Miihael
Hutzle, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June
2, '65. Frank Hurly, not on muster out roll.
Wm. H. Hughes, Sept. 23, '6 1 ; discharged on surg's certifi-
cate, Dec. 5, '62. Thad. W. Hunter, Sept. 23, '61; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Jan. 5, '62. Michael Hurley
Sept. 23, '61; discharged on surg's certificate Jan., '63.
Benjamin Havert, March 21, '64; captured; died at An-
dersonville, Ga., Aug. 21, '64; grave, 7,422. Wm.
Hum|)hrey, Sept. 23, '61; died at VV'ashington. D. C,
June 26, '62. David James, March 11, '64. William H.
Jones, Feb. 29, '64; prisoner from July 3, '64 to March 17,
'65. William J. Jones, March 18, '64. John P. Jones,
COMPANIES 1 AND K. !■ IKTY-SKCOND RRGIMKNT.
Feb. 28, '65. Jeremiali James, Sept. 2.?, '61; mustered
out, Nov. 5, '64. Henry James, Oct. 12, "61 ; discliargcd
on surg's certificate, Sept., '62. William Jor^es, Nov. 5,
'61; discharged on surg's certificate Jan. 1, '63. John
M. Juness, July 24, "63; drafted; transferred to U. S.
navy June 21, '64. David Jones, Sept. 23, '61; died at
Wasliington, D. C, April 6, '62. Martin Kelley, March
18, '64. Horman D. King, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; dis-
charged June 2, '65. Benjamin Keifer, Sept. 26, '64;
drafted: discharged June 2, '65. Elijah Kite, Sept. 24,
'63; drafted; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Dec. 23, '64.
William Kyess, July 13, '63; drafted; died June 3, '65.
Thomas Lannagan, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; absent, sick, at
muster-out. Aliraham and Edward I.andes, Sept. 26,
"64; drafted; discharged June 2, "65. Chaunccy and
Lewis Lowry, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June
2, '65. John I,ongwith, Sept. 23, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate, Oct. 4, '64. George Linig, Sept.
23, '61; captured June 29, '62; died at Richmond, Va.
Michael Lyon, Oct. 25, '61; killed at Fair Oaks, Va.,
May 31, '62. Thomas Meredith, Oct. 27, '63; drafted;
absent, sick, at muster-out. John Murphy, Sept. 24. '63;
drafted; absent, sick, at muster-out. George Meek, Se])t.
27, '61; prisoner from July 3 to Nov. 30, '64; mustered
out December 5. '64. William H. Miller, Sept. 24, '63;
drafted; transferred to L'. S. navy June 21, '64. Milton
Moycr, Sept 23, '61; transferred to 96ih I'a. Nov. 6, '61.
Edmond ALanges, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June
2. 65. William Mortimer, Sept. 26, '63; drafted; deserted
Aug. 19, '64. George Moore, July 24, '63; drafted; de-
serted Aug. 19, '64. Thomas M'Kuan, Sept. 24, '63;
drafted; captured July 3, '64; absent at muster out.
John M'Closkey, Sept. 26, '63; drafted; deserted Aug.
19, '64. John M'Cjlomm, Sept. 23, '61; deserted Nov. 7,
'61. Thomas Naughton, Nov. 13, '64. William O'Brien,
Sept. 24, '63; drafted. Patrick 6'Neil, Nov. 9, '63; draft-
ed; transferred to U. S. Navy June 21, '64. Charles
Oakes, Mar. 31, '64; deserted April 23, '65, George
Par1<er, Sept. 23, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. John
Putnam, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June 2. '65.
George Patterson, Nov. 13, '63; drafted; deserted Aug.
19, '64. John Patterson, Sept. 26, '63; drafted; deserted
.•\ug. 18, '64. Christopher Reddy, Nov. 3, '64. George
Ross, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June 2, '65.
Jacob Ross, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June 2,
'65. Calvin L. Reed, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged
June 2, '64. James Ryan, Sept. 24. '63; drafted; trans-
ferred to U. S. navy June 21, '64. John Reynolds, Oct.
17, '63; drafted; deserted Aug. 19, '64. Rnshland Smith,
Mar. 17, 64. Henry Seitzinger, Sept. 24, '63; drafted.
Charles Simpson, Sept. 24, '63; drafted. Benjamin Ste-
])hens, Feb. 29, '64. Albert Seneff, Sept. 23. '61 ; mustered
out Nov. 5, "64. John Smith, Sejjt. 23, '61; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. John Showman, Sejjt. 26, '64; drafted; dis-
charged June 2, '65. George W. Stough, Sept. 26, '64;
drafted; discharged June 2, '65. Alfred N. Snyder,
Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged June 2, '65. Charles
W. Snyder, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; discharged June 2,
'65. Charles Schrett, July 24, '61; drafted; discharged
June 6, '65. David Saunders, Sept. 23, '61; discharged
.Vug. 14, '62, for wounds received at Fair Oaks, \'a.. May
31, '62. John Schlager, Sept. 23, "61; transferred to
battery H, ist Pa. artillery, Nov. i, '62. Thomas Smith;
Sept. 23, '61; transferred to battery H, ist Pa. artil-
lery Nov. I, '62, Sylvester Shirley , Oct. 30, '63; draf-
ted; deserted May 17, "65. Thomas Shaw, Nov.
3, '6i; drafted; deserted Nov. 25, '64. .\lbcrt
Thompson, Aug. 27, '64; discharged June 2, '65.
Wm. Thompson, Sept. 23, '61; discharged on surg's cer-
tificate Sept. 10, '64. "Thomas Thomas. Sept. 23, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate March, '62. John
Thomas, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; transferred to U. S. navy
June 21, '64. Geo. Vancampen, March 18, '64; captured;
died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 4, '64. David Williams
March 14, '64; cnptured July 3, '64. William Wat-
kins, Sept, 23, '61; prisoner from July 3 to Dec. 13, "64;
mustered out Dec. 18, '64. Girard Welter, Sept. 23, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate July 27, '62. Alexander
Walker, July 30, '63; drafted; transferred to U. S. navy
June 21, '64. Henry Wilson, Sept. 26, "63; drafted;
transferred to U. S. navy June 21, "64. Henry Williams,
Nov. 25, '63; drafted; transferred to I'. S. navy June 21,
'64. Sabbath Williams, Sei>t. 23, '61; transferred to Bat-
tery H, ist Pennsylvania artillery, Nov. i, '62. Charles
Waters, Sept. 23, '61; died at Hilton Head, S. C, July 1,
'63. lames Wilson, Oct. 17, "63; drafted; deserted Nov.
13, '65. William Williams, Sept. 23, '61; deserted Oct. 5,
'6f. James \'oung, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; prisoner from
July 3, '64, to March 3, '65. Frederick Younkin, Sept.
26, '64; drafted; discharged June 2, "65.
COMl'ANY K.
C|/^<v/x— Captains— John Jones, jr., Oct. 2, '61; re-
signed Sept. 16, '62. John A. Hennessy. Dec. 2, '61;
promoted from 2nd lieut. to capt. Oct. 11, '62; major
Jan. 5, '65. First lieutenants — George A. Bass, Oct. 2,
'61; resigned Sept. 28, '62. Henry A. Mott, Oct. 2. '61;
promoted from sergt. to ist lieut. Oct. 11, '62; adj. Sept.
I, '64. (ieorge H. Sterling, Oct. 11, 61; transferred from
adj. Oct. 10, '64; died at Wyoming, Pa., Jan. 25, '65.
Thomas Jordon, Nov. 4, '61; promoted from sergt. to
ist sergt. Nov. 5, '64; to ist lieut. June 3. '65; veteran.
2nd lieut., David Moses, Nov. 4, '61; promoted from
sergt. to 2nd lieut. Nov. 5, '62; mustered out Apr. 30,
'65. ist sergts. — Alva Dolph, Nov. 4, '61; promoted to
sergt. Nov. 5, '64; to ist sergt. June 3. '65; 2nd lieut.
June 4, '65; not mustered; veteran. William Sansom,
Nov. 4, '61; promoted from sergt. to ist sergt. Nov. 4,
'62; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. William AFCIure, Nov.
4, '6t; discharged on surg's certificate Oct. 2, '62. Ser-
geants. — Thomas Tiffany, Nov. 4, '61; absent, sick, at
muster out; veteran. Charles Rubeck, Nov. 3, '62; pro-
moted sergt. Nov. 5, '64. Evan Q. Thomas, Nov. 4, "61;
promoted sergt. Jan. 24, '65; veteran. John Unger, Sept.
23, '63; drafted; promoted corporal Nov. 5, '64; to sergt.
June 3, '65. Demetrius P. Parsons, Nov. 4, '61; pro-
moted from corp. to sergt. Nov. 4, '62; mustered out Nov.
5, '64. Henry Morrow, Nov. 4, '61; promoted from
corp. to sergt. Dec. i, '63; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
William D. Weber, Feb. 5, '62; mustered out Jan. 24, '65.
Hugh R. Crawford, Nov. 4, '61; promoted Q. M. sergt.
May 30, '63. Smith B. Mott, Nov. 20, '61; promoted Q.
M. sergt. Nov. 5, '64; veteran. Henry P. Forsnian, Nov.
4, '61; discharged on surg's certificate Oct. 31, '62.
Corporals — George Forrester, Mar. 28, '64; promoted
corp. Nov. 5, '64. Tryal Styles, July 27, 'O3; drafted;
promoted corp. Dec. 31, '64. John Jones. Nov. 4, "61;
promoted corp. Feb. 28, '65; veteran. Charles Mor-
rison, Mar. 28, '64; promoted corp. May 17, '65. Wil-
liam Solfredge, July 15, '63; drafted; promoted corp.
May 17, '65. Philip Setzer, Sept. 28, '63. drafted;
promoted corp. May 17, '65. John Oisler,
March 9, "64; promoted corporal Feb. 28, '65.
Charles Berglass, Nov. 4, '63; drafted; promoted
corporal Nov. 5, '64. George Keyion. Nov. 4. '61;
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Henry Osiander, Nov. 4, "61;
promoted corporal Aug. 5, '62; mustered out Nov. 5,
'64. William Scott, Nov. 4, '61; promoted corporal Dec,
I, '63; mustered out Nov. 5. '64. John Roberts. Nov.
4, '61; promoted corporal Dec. i, '63: mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. Frank Vail, Nov. 4, '61; promoted corpo-
=ih
126
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
ral Dec. i, '63; killed at Fort Johnson, S. C, July 3, '64.
Charles Jackson, Nov. 9, '63; drafted; deserted May
'5- '65-
Privates. — John AlKven, Nov. 2, '63; drafted. Jolin
W. Anderson, Sept. 20. '63; drafted; deserted June 16,
'64. Patrick Brown, March 28, '64. George Beck, Sept.
24, '63; drafted. Minor K. Bailey, Feb. 14, '65. Ber-
nard Bein, Feb. 25, "65. Cerle Brock, Feb. 27, '65.
John Brennan, Feb. 20, '65. Patrick Burke, March 2,
65. John Butler, March 3, '65. Patrick Brennan, Dec.
10, '61; discharged on surg's certificate May 2, '62.
Michael Beavers, Jan. 29, "62; mustered out March 6,
'65. .Abraham Butts, Jan. 3. '62; mustered out Jan. 14,
'65. John Brennan, Jan. 24, "62; mustered out ^iarch 6,
'65. Jacob Bomgardner. Nov. 4, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate Nov. 20, '62. Charles Bristoe, Nov. 4,
'61; discharged on surg's certificate Oct. 2, '62. John
Bratton, Nov. 2, '63; drowned at Hilton, S. C, June 13,
'64. Orwin E. Brown, Nov. 4, '61; deserted May 30,
'64. John Carroll, Sept. 24, '66; drafted. James Cleary,
March 2, '65. Clement B. Compton, Feb. 15, '65. Free-
man Cosier, Nov. 5, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
James Carman, Feb. 8, '62; mustered out March 6, '65.
Edward Colahan, Jan. 3, '62; mustered out Jan. 14, '65.
John Crisel, Feb. 8, '62; discharged on surg's
certificate May 9, '63. Michael Donahue, Feb. 20, '65.
James Donahue, Fel). 20, '65. Patrick Donahue, Mar.
'3' '^S- John Dierr, Jan. 3, '62; discharged on surg's
certificate Feb. 12, '62. John Davis, Nov. 4, '61; dis-
charged on surg's certificate June 2, '62. Harry Dem-
niick, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on surg's certificate Apr.
21, '63. James Delaney, Oct. 15, '63; drafted; deserted
Nov. 2, '64. .A.lfred Evans, Nov. 4, '6t; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. Charles Elno, Nov. 5, '61; mustered out
Nov. 5, '64. Levi Evans, Nov. 4, '61; died at Morris
island, S. C, Oct. 30, '64. Zenus N. Farnand, Feb. 14.
'65. Dominick F'eandry, Mar. 21, '65; absent, sick, at
muster out. Emanuel Fisher, Feb. 28, '62; deserted
Sept. 3, '63. Lewis Gibson, Sept, 24, '63; drafted. William
Goodwin, July 20, '63; drafted; captured; absent at
muster out. Lawrence Giles, Dec. 5, '61; deserted Sept.
3, '63. Charles Hall, Nov. 4, '61; deserted; returned.
William R. Heron, Mar. 23, '64. Gideon Haight, Sept.
28, '63. Philip Hartman, Feb. 25, '65. Cyrus L Howe,
Mar. 27, '64. Ephraim Howe, Feb. 14, '65. James
Horan, Mar. 9, '65. Con. Hilderbrand, Nov. 4, '61;
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Levi S. Hakett, Jan. 29, '62;
m.istered out Mar. 6, '65. John Howells, Nov. 4, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate Nov. 8, '61. Michael
Henniger, Dec. 7, '61; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31,
'62. David P. Hanna, Feb. 13, '62; deserted Sept. 3,
'63. Edmund Jones, Nov. 4, '6i; mustered out Nov. 5,
'64. Edmund Jenkins, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov.
5, '64. David Jeremiah, Jan. 3, '62; discharged on surg's
certificate Oct. 21, '62. Michael Kennedy, Oct. 21, '63;
drafted. Henry Kennedy, Mar. 17, '64. Lewis
Kelly, Sept. 3, '63; drafted. Richard Kealy,
Mar. 2, '65. Nathaniel Lanning, Mar. 2, '64. Henry
Lewis, Nov. 4, '61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64.
Norman Lucky, Nov. 4, '61; deserted March 22, '64;
veteran. William Moyer, Nov. 10, '63; drafted. William
Mehling, Nov. 18, '63. John May, July 20, '63; drafted.
William Marcy, Oct. 15, '63; drafted. Solomon Millard,
March 15, '64. Thomas Millard. March 15, '64. Joseph
Montgomery, Jan. 24, '65. William Mason, Oct. 2, '61;
mustered out Jan. 24, '65. George W. Millard. July 23,
'64; discharged June 22, '65. John J. Morrison, Nov.
4, '61; discharged on surg's certificate Aug. 24, '62.
Clark Miller, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on surg's certificate
Aug. 3, '62. Patrick Murphy, Dec. 4, '61; deserted
Sept. 3, '63. Frederick Meithling, Nov. 4, '61; deserted
Sept. I, '64. Michael M'Lane, Oct. 19, '64. Robert
M'Kinney, Oct. 26, '63; drafted; deserted March 31, '65.
Michael ^^Nally, Jan. 3, '62; deserted Sept. i, '63.
George Nierman, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on surg's certi-
ficate, June 30, '63. Thomas Nelson, Nov. 4, '61; died
at Washington, D. C, Feb. 2, '62. Charles Norman,
Sept. 23, '63; drafted; deserted July 9, '64. Daniel O'-
Connell, Feb. 18, '65. Michael O'Donnell, Sept. 12, '64;
discharged June 22, '65. Charles O'Hara, Dec. 7, '61;
deserted Sept. 11, '63. Patrick O'Brien, Dec. 10, '61;
mustered out Dec. 10, '64. Edward Parker, Nov. 4, '61;
mustered out Nov. 5, '64. Charles Peters, Sept. 24, '63;
drafted; died at Hilton Head, S. C, March 6, '65.
.Alexander Peterson, Sept. 20, '63; drafted; died at Mor-
ris Island, S. C, Jan. 24, '65. Ezra H. Ripple, March
24, '64; prisoner from July 3, '64, to March i, '65; dis-
charged June 30, '65. Davis W. Russell, Sept. 23, '63;
drafted. Mifflin Russell, March 7, '65. William Rich-
ards, Nov. 10, '63; drafted. John A. Rapp, Jan. 3,
'62; mustered out March 6, '65. Mark Riley,
Aug. 24, '64; discharged June 22, '65. Edward
Ryan, June 24, '62; mustered out March 6, '65.
John Rauch, Jan. 3, '62; deserted May, '62.
Andrew Scutt, Nov. 4, '6t. Theodore Smith, Oct. 27,
'63; drafted. William Smith, Sept. 25, '63; drafted.
Josiah Sears, Sept. 29, '61; drafted. Reuben Sears, Sept.
25, '61; drafted. Oliver Sears, Sept. 25, '61; drafted.
Samuel Sears, Feb. 27, '64. Thomas G. Smith, Nov. 4.
'61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. John Soop, Nov. 4, '61;
absent on detached duty at expiration of term. Gilbert
Saxton, Feb. 13, '62; discharged on surg's certificate Aug.
24, '62. Chester Smith, Nov. 4, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate Aug. 3, '62. Joseph Schremser, Nov, 4, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate June 11, '63. William
Schnell, Sept. 23, '63; drafted; deserted June 16, '64.
Charles Timmens, Oct. 29, '63; drafted. William Tol-
bert, July 27, '63; drafted. Theodore F. Tripp, Nov. 4.
'61; mustered out Nov. 5, '64. James Vangorder, Sept.
29, '63; drafted. John P. Vanauker, Sept. 29, '63; drafted;
died at Morris island, S. C, Feb. 24, '65. James Woods,
Mar. 14, '64. John Woods, Mar. 24, '64. Frank Weber,
Oct. 21, '63; drafted. John Wenrich, Nov. 9, '63; drafted.
Patrick Welsh, Nov. 2, '63; d- d. .\ckley Walker,
Mar. 27, '64. George Watchler, Mar. 1, '65. Hamilton
Warner, Jan. 24, '65. Eri D. Westfall, Oct. 10, '62; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Mar. 30, '65. James Wil-
liams, Jan. 3, '62; discharged on surg's certificate June
21, '63. Charles Weisgarber, Nov. 4, '61; discharged
Mar. 3, '63, for wounds received in action. George Wil-
son, April 7, '64; deserted Feb. 12, '65. Henry Willing,
Sept. 24, '63; drafted; deserted Mar. 2, '65. James
Woods, Sept. 24, '63; drafted; deserted Oct. 10, '64.
Amandus Yaple, Sept. 29, '63; drafted. Marcus Youse,
Sept. 24, '63; drafted.
CHAPTER XX.
LUZERNE IN THE CIVIL WAR — HISTORV OF THE FIFTV-
THIRD REGIMENT.
HIS regiment was recruited in different por-
tions of the State from August to November,
^\ 1S61. During the latter month it moved to
Washington and thence to Alexandria, where
it was assigned to General French's brigade.
During the winter of 1861-2 it remained at this
place, perfecting itself in drill and discipline.
OFFICERS OF IHK FIFTY-THIRD-ITS HISIORV
137
III the spring of 1862 it advanced with the army of the
Potomac to Manassas, W'arrenton Junction, and finally
to the Peninsula. It was in the reserve during the siege
of Yorklown. In May it went to the Chickahominy, and
on the ist of June was engaged at Fair Oaks, where it
lost, in killed, wounded and missing, ninety-six men. It
was engaged at Garner's Mill in the latter part of the
month, and during the "change of base" it was with its
brigade the rear of the rear guard, and was actively en-
gaged at Peach Orchard. It was present, though not
actively engaged, at Malvern Hill. It arrived at Alex-
andria too late to participate in the second battle of Hull
Run, but it moved forward and assisted to cover the
retreat of Pope's army. \Vhile thus engaged it became
separated from its brigade, but escaped capture by a
skillful mana?uvre.
In Sciitember it advanced into Maryland and was
among the reserves at the battle of South Mountain.
During the succeeding two or three days it was skirmish-
ing with the eneiTiy's cavalry, and at the battle of Antietam
it was hotly engaged and lost twenty-eight in killed and
wounded. It forded the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, and
ramped on Bolivar Heights, whence it moved on the
30th of October across the Shenandoah and through
Loudon valley, skirmished with the enemy at Snicker's
dap, and arrived at Warrenton November 9th. Thence
it proceeded to Falmouth, and was engaged in the battle
of Fredericksburg, where it lost in killed and wounded
one hundred and fifty-eight out of two hundred and
eighty-three who went into the battle. It was subse-
quently detailed to bury the dead under a flag of truce,
in which melancholy duty it was engaged during two
days.
It passed the winter at Falmouth, and on the 28th of
.April, 1863, went on the Chancellorsville campaign, dur-
ing which it was engaged three days. It returned to its
camp at Falmouth, w^hence on the 14th of June it
marched on the Gettysburg campaign. At that battle it
made a gallant charge in the face of a galling fire and
drove a rebel battery from its ])osition. Out of one
hundred and twenty-four men who went into the fight,
six were killed, sixty-seven wounded and six missing. It
afterward encountered the foe at Rappahannock Station
and at Bristoe, and went into winter (juarters in Decem-
ber at Stevensburg, where the men re-enlisted and re-
ceived a veteran furlough.
Recruited and refreshed the regitnent broke camp on
the 4th of May, crossed the Rapidan and engaged the
enemy on the 5th, the 6th and the 9th. It moved to
Spottsylvania Court-house, where it was engaged in the
most brilliant charge of the campaign — a charge in which
an entire division of the enemy was captured. It marched
thence to Cold Harbor, where it was engaged and suffer-
ed severely. On the i6th of June it arrived in front of
Petersburg and was engaged in a charge on the enemy's
works, in which it lost nearly twenty men. From the latter
part of June till the 21 of August it was employed in
skirmishing on both sides of the James. It then marched
to the Weldon railroad, where it again met the enemy.
In the autumn and winter of 1864 the regiment was on
severe duty at the siege of Petersburg.
It went on its last campaign on the iSlh of March,
1865, and was engaged at Hoydton Plank Road and at
Five Forks, and it assisted in capturing the enemy's
wagon trains at Deep creek. It was present at the sur-
render of the rebel armv, participated in the grand
review, and on the 30th of June. 1S65, was mustered out
of the service.
Besides its share in the regimental staff of the 53d.
I.uzerne county furnished the material for Company F.
In the following lists the first dale gives the time the
soldier was mustered into service. Where the time he
was mustered out is not given it is understooil to have
been lune 30th, 1865, unless some other disposition is
noted.
KIKI.I) .AMI .■-r.AKK OFKICKRS.
Co/o iir/i. — ]ohn R. Brooke, Nov. 5. '61; promoted
brig. gen. May 12, '64; brev. maj. gen. Aug. i. '64.
William W. Mintzer, Sept. 18. '61; promoted from
capt. Company A to maj. June 2, '62; lieut. col. Sept.
29, '64; col. Oct. 30, '64: brev. brig. gen. Mar. 13, '65.
Lieutenant colonels. — Richards M'Michael, Nov. 7, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate May 19, '64. George C
.Anderson. Oct. 29. '61; promoted from capt. Company
K to maj. Sept. 20, '64; lieut. col. Nov. 10, 64.
Majors. — Thomas Yeager, Nov. 7, '61; killed at Fair
Oaks. Va.. June i, '62. S. Octavius Bull, Sept. iS, '61;
promoted from capt. Company A. to maj. June 2, '62;
lieut. col. May 17, '64; col. Sept. 18, '64; not mustered;
mustered out Nov. i, '64. George I). Pifer, Oct. 10. '61;
promoted from capt. Company I Dec. 13, '64.
Adjutants.— Oc\^x\e'> P. Hatch, Nov. 7, '61; discharged
on surg's certificate July 24, '64. Samuel H. Rutter.
Sept. 18, '61; promoted from private Company A to
sergt. maj. Dec. 24, '63; lieut. and adj. Sept. 5 '64;
veteran reserve corps at muster out; veteran.
Quartermasters. — Jacob Rice, Nov. 7, '61; mustered
out Oct. 12, '64. Thcophilus T. Davis, Nov. 4, '61;
promoted from private Comi)any I to com. sergt. Dec. 24,
'63; ist lieutenant and Q. M. Oct. 31, '64; veteran.
Sun^eons. — lohn Fromberger, Nov. 7, '61; resigned
Jan. 28,' '62. M. J. M'Kinnon. Feb. 15, '62; resigned
Jan. 26, '63. George W. Jackson, F'eb. 24, "63; dis-
charged on surg's certificate .Aug. 12, '64. Charles W.
Spavd, Oct. I. '62; promoted from ass't surg. Aug. 29, '64.
Assistant surgeons. — William B. Wynne. Nov. 7, '61;
promoted to surg. 159th Pennsylvania volunteers Oct. 29.
•62. J. P. Burchfield. Aug. i, '62; promoted surg. 83d
Pennsylvania volunteers April 3, '63. Jacob C. Gatchell.
.April 17, '64.
(r/i,///<7;«.f.— Daniel Barber. Nov. 7. '61: resigned July
7, '62; J. R. Taylor (}ray, June 16, '65.
Sergeant Majors. — Thomas Reifsnyder. Nov. 7. '61:
promoted ist lieut. Company D Dec. 14, '62. G. W.
Butlerworth, Mar. 2, '64; promoted from sergt. Company
G lune 12, '65: veteran. Levi J. Fritz, Dec. 22. '63;
jiromoted 2nd lieut. Company .A Oct. 8. '64. M. Nl.
Brannock, Dec. 22, '63; transferred to Company K. .April
7, '65; veteran. .Albert H. Hess, Dec. 22, '63; promoted
2nd lieut. Company E June 12, '65.
Quartermaster Sergeants — Mahlon S. Ludwig, Nov. 7,
'61; promoted 2nd lieut. Company B Mar. i, '63. John
S. Weand. Sejit. 18, '61; promoted from private Com-
pany A Nov. I. '64. John W. Riley. Feb. 29. '64; pro
mot'ed from sergt. to Q. M. sergt. Dec. 23. '64; transferred
from 140th Pennsylvania; dischaiged June 6, '65.
128
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
Commissary Sergeants. — Lewis R. Bland, Nov. 7, '61;
])romoted 2nd lieut. Company B April 26, '62. Thomas
E. Clark, Sept. 18, '61; promoted from private Compan\'
A Dec. 10, '64; absent, on furlough, at muster out. J.
Wilson Barnett, Nov. 5, '61; transferred to loth U. S.
colored troo|js. Benjamin J. Gushing, Oct. 29, '61; pro-
moted 2nd lieut. Company G Sept. 21, '64; veteran. W.
\V. Dentler, Oct. 23, '61; ])romoted 2nd lieul. Company
H Dec. 8, '64; veteran.
Hospital Ste7iiards. — Albert Lorenz, Nov. 7, '61; mus-
tered out Nov. 7, '64. John H. Foltz, Oct. 10, '61; pro-
moted from private Company I Nov. 16, '64; veteran.
rriiicipa! Musician. — John Caldwell, Oct. 23, '61; pro-
moted from musician Company H Nov. i, '64; veteran
COMP.ANV V.
Officers. — Cajjtain — Horace P. Moody, Oct. 12, '61;
resigned Sept. 17, '62. Walter L. Hopkins, Oct. 12, '61;
promoted from ist lieut. Se]5t. 17, '62; discharged Jan.
16, '63, Theodore Hatfield, Oct. 12, '61; promoted from
sergt. to ist lieut. Sept. iS, '62; to capt. Feb. 21, '63;
discharged ^L^rch 18, '64. John J. Whitney, Oct. 12,
'61; promoted from sergt. to 2nd lieut. Sept. 6, '62;
to ist lieut. Jan. 30, '63; to capt. April 23, '64; killed at
Spottsylvania May 18, '64. James Patton, Oct. 12, '61;
promoted from 1st sergt. to ist lieut. May 20, '64; to
capt. June 6, '64; mustered out Oct. 6, '64. Isaac A.
Howell, Oct. 12, '61; jsromoted from sergt. to ist sergt.;
to ist lieut. June 6, '64; to capt. Nov. 2, '64; discharged
Mar. 18, '65; veteran. Nathan N. Montayne, Oct. 12, '61 ;
]iromoted from private to sergt.; to ist sergt. June 6, '64;
to ist lieut. Nov. 2, '64; to capt. April 16, '65; mustered
outwith company June 30, '6"^; veteran. First lieutenant,
Lester Race, Oct. 12, '61; promoted corp.; sergt. March
16, '64; ist sergt. Nov. 2, '64; ist lieut. April 16,
'65; veteran. Second lieutenant, Martin W. Anthony,
Oct. 12, '61; resigned Sept. 6, '62. First ser-
geant — George W. Thompson, Oct. -.2, '61; promoted
from private to sergt.; ist sergt. April 17, '65; commission-
ed 2nd lieut. June i, '65; not mustered out; veteran.
Sergeants — Charles W. Lathrop, Oct. 11, '(>y. promoted
Corp. Mar. 10, '64; sergt. Nov. i, '64; veteran. Abel
Perrego, sen., Oct. 12, '61; promoted corp. Mar. 10, '64;
sergeant Nov. i, '64; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-
house May 10, '64; absent at muster out; veteran. Ira
G. Lyons, Oct. 12, '61; promoted corp.; sergt. June 6,
'64; veteran. Daniel G. M'Laud, Mar. 26, '64; promot-
ed corp. Nov. I, '64; sergt. April 17, '65; veteran. Oli-
ver Fisher, Oct. 12, '61; mustered out Nov. 2, '64. Wil-
liam H. Jackson, Oct. 12, '61; promoted from corp.;
transferred to veteran reserve corps Mar. 13, '64. John
Anthony, Oct. 12, '61; not on muster-out roll. Corpor-
als — Henry Whitson, Feb. 18, '64; promoted cor|). June
6, '64; prisoner from Aug. 25, '64, to May 17, '65. An-
drew Sarber, Oct. 12, '61; promoted corp. Mar. 10, '64;
captured June 16, '64; absent at muster out; veteran.
Rufus Frear, Mar. 26, '64; promoted corp. June 6, '64;
captured Aug. 25. '64; absent at muster out. Franklin
Westover, Feb. i, '64; promoted corp. Nov. i, '64. W.
L. Hackenberry, Mar. 28, '64; (jromoted corp. Nov. i,
'64. Henry Shoulde, Mar. 23, '64; promoted corp. Nov. i,
'64. John Wilson, Feb. i, '64; promoted corp. Nov. i, '64.
Samuel C. Webb, Mar. 12, '64; promoted corp. April
17, '65. Peter Culp, Oct. 12, '61; promoted to corp;
mustered out Nov. 7, '64. Samuel R Charlton, June 20,
'64; discharged June 15, '65. Ale.xander Prester, Oct.
12, '61; mustered out Nov. 7, '64. Edward Brong. Oct.
i2,'6i ; promoted corp; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house
Mtiy 12, '64; veteran. Edward Kirkham, Oct. 12, '61;
not on muster out roll. Daniel Harrington, Oct. 12, '61;
killed at Gettysburg. Washington Montayne and Wil-
liqm Moore, Oct. 12, '62; not on muster out roll. Jabez
C. Jackson, Oct. 22, '61; not on muster out roll. Musi-
cians — Lemuel .\skins, Oct. 18, '61; absent, in arrest, at
muster out. William Carroll, Aug. 22, '63; prisoner
from Oct. 21, '63, to Nov. 21, '64. William Downing,
Sept. 19, '63. Abel J. Perrego, Oct. 12, '61; veteran.
James Sarber, Oct. 12, '61; veteran. Abram 1). Hirst,
Oct. 12, '61; not on muster out roll.
Privates. — Robert Achoff, July i. '63; absent, sick, at
musterout. lames Adams, Mar. 22, '64; discharged on
surg's certificate, May 27, '65. Calvin Bisbing, Oct. 12,
'61; prisoner from June 16, '64, to April 24, '6=;; dis-
charged by general order June 14, '65. William Brong,
Thomas M. Brown, Robert D. Beam and Samuel Brew-
ster, Oct. 12, '61; not on muster out roll. Chester Betts,
Feb. II, '64. William H. Blair, Feb. 14, '64. Arthur G.
Brooks, Sept. 5, '63; absent, sick, at muster out. A.
Bartholomew, Aug. 22, '63; absent, sick, at muster out.
C. A. W. Bigalow, Oct. 12, '61: captured Aug. 25, '64;
absent at muster out. John Bradlev, Sept. 16, '64;
discharged Mav
.SI.
•65-
Henry I'aker, Sam-
uel Brace and Hiram Bryant, Oct. 12, '61; not on
musterrout roll. James Crulip, Oct. 12, '61; veteran.
Nelson Case, March 22, '64. Oliver P. Clark, Feb. 29,
'64; veteran. Isaac Cook, Feb. 22, '65. Alva H. Cross,
March 4, '65. E. S. Cogswell, Feb. 15, '65; wounded in
action March 31, '65; absent at muster out. William
H. Chase, Feb. 22, '64; prisoner from June 16 to Dec.
10, '64; discharged by general order June 22, '65. James
H. Corkhuff, March 17, '64. Amos C. Clark, Dec. 29,
'63; absent, sick, at muster out. William Case, March
22, '64; discharged May 3, '65. M. J. Coleman, July
20, '63; discharged on surg's certificatj May 19, '65.
William Carpenter, March 8, '65; discharged June 12, '65.
Henry Case, March 21, '64; discharged May 31, '65.
John M. Clark, Feb. 26, '64; discharged May 25, '65.
William B. Crulip, Feb. i, '64; died July lo. '64. Charles
D. Chrispell and Charles Clark, Oct. 12, '61; not on mus-
ter-out roll. Elihu Dymond, Feb. 26, '64; veteran. Noah
Doty, Feb. 13. '64. James Divine, Sept. 13, '63; drafted;
absent, sick, at muster out. Asa P. Daniels, Feb. 18, '64.
John Dellingham, March 21, '65; discharged June 20, '65.
G. E. Dornblaver, Feb. 16, '64; captured; died Dec. 14,
'64, at Salisbury, N. C. Milo R. Demond, Isaac Dy-
mond, Thomas J. Dymond, Robert Dymond and Jacob
Deloy, Oct. 12, '61; not on muster-out roll. Joseph Es-
terbrook, Aug. 26, '63; drafted. Randolph L. Evans,
Feb. 29, '64; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house, May
10, '64. Oakley Evans, Oct. 12, '61; prisoner from Aug.
25, '64, to June 21, '65; discharged June 22, '65; veteran.
Freeman Evans, Charles S. Evans and Isaac Elison, Oct.
12, '61; not on muster-out roll. John A. Fulkerson, Feb.
23, '64; mustered out with company June 30, '65.
Lyman Flick, Oct. i 2, '61 ; mustered out Nov. 7, '64. Perry
Frantz, Feb. 29, '64; discharged June 2, '65. Jober C.
Freeman, Feb. 29, '64; died July 6, '64. Eban Forbes
and Ansel Fapet, Oct. 12, '61; nof on muster-out roll.
William Goldsmith, Oct. 12, '61; veteran, Thomas Green,
Feb. 14, '65; discharged June 22, '65. Edward Gatti,
Aug. 24, '63; drafted. Charles Gray and Jacob Guyger,
Aug. 24, '63; drafted; absent, sick, at muster out. Wil-
liam Givins, Oct. 12, '61; mustered out Nov. 2, '64. John
H. Greer, Feb. 14, '65; discharged June 7, '65. Wells
(iarrison, Feb. 29, '64; discharged June 7, '65. Henry
Gilbert, Feb. 29, '64; captured; died at Andersonville,
Ga., Sept. 20, '64. Peter L. Green, May i, '65; died in
field hospital May 28, '65. James C. Higgins, Mar. 8,
'64; not on musterout roll. Charles Hiney, Nov. 12, '61;
deserted; returned. Richmond M. Hall, Feb. 14, '65.
Levi W. Handen, Mar. 18, '64; captured May 12, '64;
COMPANY F, FIl'TV THIRD REGIMKNT— IIIK I 1 1 IV SIXTH.
129
absent at muster out. Daniel Harris, Oct. 12, '61; mus-
tered out Nov. 7, '64. jasper Hubble, Mar. 26, '64; dis-
charged on surg's certificate May 14, '64. Charles T.
Hav, I'eb. 29. '64; discharged on surg's certificate Mav
14. '64. Henry Hoover, Oct. 12, '61; mustered out Nov.
7, '64. (ieorge Hoover, May i, '64; discharged May ,^1,
'65. Frank B. Harding, May 26, '64; discharged June
15, '65. Robert F. Hunter, F'eb. 12, '64; transferred to
veteran reserve corps May 16, '64. Giles Harris, Fet). i,
'64; died in field hospital Mar. 19, '64. Solomon Hall,
("harles Hughev, John Herlocher, Morris Hatton and
Enoch Hoover, Oct. ij, '61; not on muster out roll.
Robert Jacobs, Feb. 14, '65. Andrew Jackson, Sept.
19, '63; absent, sick, at muster out. David James,
July 24, '63; absent, sick, at muster out. John R.
King, Oct. 12, '61; veteran. Ma.\ Kerr, Sept. 17, "63;
drafted; absent, sick, at muster out. Francis Knowels,
Aug. 24; '93: drafted. Sheldon Krisman, Oct. 12, '61;
not on muster out roll. John H. I. owe. Mar. 22, '64.
Joseph Lijitret, July 7, '63; prisoner from June 22 to
Dec. 21, '64. Boofhearts Lewis, Aug. 22, '63; absent,
sick, at muster ont. Joshua S. Lyons, Mar. 5, '65. Isaac
Lord, Washington Lorrish and George Loply, Oct. 12,
not on muster out roll. Jacob Myers, Aug 7, '64. Hub-
bard Maynard, Feb. 11, '64. John Mulburv, Sept. 29,
'63; discharged on surg's certificate May 29, '65. Philip
C. Montross, Feb. 29, '64; killed at Cold Harbor June 3,
'64. ISLircus May, Charles Mande\ille, Robert .Martin
and Killean Martin, Oct. 12, '61; not on muster-out roll.
Dennis M'Milken, July 13, '63; absent, sick, at muster
out. Edward >rMerdice, Julv 20, '63. Peter M'Donaki,
Feb. 23, '64. Robert M'Guire, Oct. 12, '61; killed at
Gettysburg. William Nelson Sept. 14, '63; absent, sick,
at muster out. James M. Norris, Oct. 12, '61; mustered
out Nov. 7, '64. Joseph Nulton, Feb. 1 '64; killed at
Spottsylvania Court-house May 12, '64. Miles F. New-
berry and Norton L. Newberry, Oct. 12, '61; not on
muster out roll. Charles Oakley, Sept. 17, '63; drafted;
absent, sick, at muster out. Joseph Benn, -Aug. 23, '64; sub-
stitute; discharged -Vug. 16, '65. Philo B. Phenix, Feb. 23,
'64; absent, sick, at muster out. John Perry, Feb. 16, '65;
discharged June 22, '65. John I'owell, Aug. 22, '63; absent,
sick, at muster out. David Parkes, Sept. 17, '63; absent,
sick, at muster out. Hugh W. Patton, Oct. 12, '61; veteran.
Thomas Patton, May 26, '64; killed at Spottsylvania
Court-house May 12, '64. William Phenix, Oct. 12, 'Oi.
died at Washington, D. C"., May 20, '64. George H.
Perrigo, May 24, '64; died. H. W. Pembleton, Oct 12,
'6;; died Nov. 10, '64. Rufus V. Parish, Feb. 6, '64;
captured; died at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 4, '64. Edward
Pembleton, Samuel H. Parks and Amos Poole, Oct. 12,
'61; not on muster out roll. Oliver L. Rousby, Oct. 12,
'61; veteran. George Reed, Feb. 25, '65. Charles Redfield,
Sept. 17, '63; drafted; sick at muster out. Matthew S.
Rambo, Aug. 29, '64; absent, sii k, at mjister out. Wil-
liam Richards, F'eb. 24, '64; discharged July '65. Philip
Shaffer, Mar. 20, "64. Bernhard Smith, Aug. 24, '63;
absent, sick, at muster out. John H. Shroff, Sept. 17,
'63; absent, sick, at muster out. Henry Smith and James
Sheridan, Sept. 13, '63, and D. H. Silkworth, Feb. 27,
'64, absent, sick, at muster out. Meyran Strickland.
Oct. 12, '61; mustered out Nov. 7, '64. H.S.Shaffer,
July 20, '63; discharged June 6, '65. Philip Sarber, ^Llr.
22, "64,; died at Washington, D. C, May 10, '64. James
N. Scovel, F'eb. 24, '64; captured; died at Salisbury. N.
C., Nov. 5. '64. Lewis E. Scanten, May 26, '64; cap-
tured; died at .\ndersonville Aug. 31, '64. Sylvester
Shemake, John Specie, Cornelius Sites and Peter
Spencer, Oct. 12, '61 ; not on muster-out roll.
Calvin Towner, Feb. 14, '65; discharged June 8, '65.
William Thimpsop, Oct. 12. '61; absent, in arrest, at
muster out. Daniel Towner. Feb. 14, '65. Joseph
Turner, Aug. 22, '63; absent, sick, at muster out. C. W.
Thompson. Dec. 29. '63; discharged .Aug. 9. '65. George
M. Tenant, I'eb. 16, "65; killed in action NLir. 31, '65.
Thomas W. 'i'enani, Feb. 16. '65; killed in action Mar.
31, '65. Benjamin \'andyne. Mar. 29, '64; absent, sick,
at muster nut. John Vanderberg, Oct. 12, "61; veteran.
S. V'angerder and .Augustus Wh^dock, Oct. 12, '61; not
on muster out roll. William Williams, Feb. 16, '65.
Theodore Weltref, .Aug. 24, '63; drafted; absent, sirk, at
muster out. John Walker, Mar. 29, '64. Lewis Webb,
Feb. 6, '64: absent, sick, at muster out. Peter Wagcnor,
.'\ug. 22, '63; absent, sick, at muster out. Benson J.
Worden, Oct. 12, '61; velcr.in. John N. Whipple, Sept.
18, '64; discharged May 31, 'O5. Peter Wilson, Feb. 29,
'64; discharged May 10, "65. H. I'. Wnlbrigle. Mar. 31,
'64; discharged June 8, '65. James Wright, Sept. 19,
'63; drafted; discharged June 15, '65. Hubbard Wheeler,
Dec. 22, '63; discharged Jime 15. '65. William Willison,
F"eb I, '64; killed at Spoiisvlvania Court house ^L^v 10,
'64. John H. Wordan, F"eb. 29, "64; died at Point
Lookout, Maryland, Oct. 17, "64. Charles W. Wordan,
Feb. 29. '64; died at Dallas, Pa., Nov. 7, '64. George
W. Willis and Jones F. Westover, Oct. 12, '61; not on
muster-out roll.
CHAPTER XXI.
LUZERNK IN THE CIVIl \\ A K — HISTORIKS OF THK FIFTV-
SIXTH. (■irTV-SEVFNlH AMI KIFTY-F.Tfi HTH RKGIMF-NTS.
'i'^ T W-HEX the s6th regiment left t'amp Curtin,
Vil/A/- ^I'i''<-"'i 8th, 1862. for Washington, it had
I ;: T.r'/l' j) only eight and one-half companies, of which
"yi -,' \ '■'. Company G was from Luzerne county.
^^■^■^ '''-^^o Qi^ the 27th it embarked for.Adjuia Land-
(W* ing, where it arrived the ne.\t day. It was en-
gaged till May loih repairing the track and landing
of the Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad. In the
latter part of May it went forward on the campaign of
1862, and was first engaged at Gainesville on the 29th of
.August. It was engaged in the second battle of Bull
Run as a support to other troops. It inarched with the
army to South Mountain, where it was engaged with the
brigade of General Doubleday, of which it was a part,
and in this action its loss was severe. It took part in
the battle of .Antietam, but in this action it did not suffer
severely. On the 2nd of November it was again in ac-
tion, at Union, where it lost five killed and ten wounded.
Although under fire at the battle of F'redericksburg, it
was not actively engaged and suffered no loss. It went
into winter quarters at Pratt's Landing on the 28th of
December, and with the exception of the "mud march,"
in which it participated, remained there till the latter
])art of .April, 1863.
At the battle of Chancellorsville the 56th, which then
numbered 21 officers and 289 enlisted men, was deployed
as skirmishers to cover the crossing of a party for the
])urpose of dislodging the enemy's sharpshooters. It
17
-f*
13°
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
was not otherwise actively engaged, but in this service it
lost 2 killed and 7 wounded. It was again under fire at
Brandy Station.
At the battle of Ciettysburg the 56th was the first that
fired, and thus the battle was opened by this regiment.
It was closely engaged during both days and its losses
amounted to about ten killed, sixty-five wounded and
eighty missing. In November at Mine Run the regiment
was charged with the duty of guarding and afterward
destroying a bridge, which it accomplished with the loss
of five men wounded. In March, 1864, a portion of the
regiment, having re-enlisted, were granted a veteran
furlough.
On their return they entered upon the memorable
campaign of the Wilderness, and were engaged on the
5th and 6th of May, in the first of which encounters
lieutenant Miller, of Company G, was killed. The regi-
ment fought again at Laurel Hill, at Bloody Angle on the
nth, and at Jericho ford on the 21st. It was engaged
in heavy skirmishing on the 25th and was in the action
at Bethesda Church on the 30th. From this time till the
explosion of the mine at Petersburg the regiment shared
the fortunes and vicissitudes of the army and was fre-
quently in action. August i8th it was engaged at Yel-
low House, on the Weldon railroad, and captured a
battle-flag; and the next day was in action with its
brigade, when the enemy were driven from their works,
leaving 50 killed, three battle-flags and 300 prisoners.
It was engaged at Hatcher's Run in October, and again
at the same place on the 5th and 6th of February, 1865.
It shared the honors and hardships of the final campaign
and was mustered out at Philadelphia July ist, 1865.
Below will be found the record of Company G of the
56th. The dates of muster-in appear in connection with
the names. Where nothing is said to the contrary the
men were mustered out July 1st, 1865. We give also a
synopsis of the record of the
FIKLU AND STAFF OFFICERS.
Colonels. — Sullivan A. Meredith, Sept. i, '61; wounded
at Bull Run, Aug. 30, '62: promoted brig. gen. Nov. 29,
'62. J.William Hofmann, Oct. 1, '61; promoted from
lieut. col. Mar. i, '63; brev. brig. gen. Aug. i, '64. Henry
A. Laycock, Nov. 17, '61; promoted from 1st lieut.
Company I to maj. Jan. 30, '65; lieut. col. Mar. 16, '65;
col. Mar. 17, '65.
Lieutenant Colonels. — George B. Osborne, Sept, 15, '61;
promoted from capt. Company A to lieut. col. Mar. i,
'63; brev. col. Dec. 2, '64; discharged Dec. 25, '64. John
T. Jack, May 28, '62; promoted from capt. Company H
to maj. May 9, '63; lieut. col. Jan. 30, '65; resigned May
15. '65. John A. Black, Sept. 25, '61; promoted from
capt. Company B to maj. Mar. 16, '65; to lieut. col. Mar.
>7, '65.
Major. — John B. Smith, Nov. i,
12, '63.
Ailjutant. — Jacob F. Chur, Oct.
Dec. 16, '63.
Quartermaster. — Henry Paschall, Oct. i, '61; discharg-
ed Nov. 2, '63. Samuel A. M'Fall, Oct. 23, '61; pro-
moted from 2nd lieut. Company A June 3, "64; capt.
Company A Dec. 4, '64: not mustered; mustered out
'61 ; resigned Feb.
1, '61; discharged
Jan. 24, '65. Milton J. Slocum, Feb. 13, '64; promoted
from ist lieut. Company D to Q. M. Jan. 25, '65.
Surgeons. — James P. Wilson, Oct. 15, '61; mustered
out .\pril 23, '62. J. P. M'Cleary, Oct. 15, '61; pro-
moted from ass't surg. April 24, '64; resigned Sept. 10,
'62. John M. Junkin, Oct. i, '62; transferred to 64th
Pennsylvania Jan. 17, '63. John C. Lyons, Mar. 18, '63;
promoted from ass't surg; transferred to 64th Pennsyl-
vania Jan. 17, '65. Joseph F. Shoemaker, Mar. 25, '65.
Assistant Surgeons. — J. B. Newbaker, Aug. i, '62; re-
signed Nov. I, '62. W. W, Culver, Nov. 22, '62; resigned
Feb. 25, '65. Georg.; Stitzell, Mar. 24, '63; resigned
Aug. 13, '63. W. P. Nebinger, Aug. 27, '63; resigned
Oct. 6, '64. P. H. Pennsyl, Oct. 12, '64.
Chaplains. — W. Cunningham, Mar. 6, '62; discharged
Sept. 20, '62. Benjamin R. Smith, Sept. 24, '64.
COMPANY G.
Officers. — Captains — Joseph K. Helmbold, Sept. 8, '62;
resigned Mar. 15. '63. David J. Dickson, Dec. 3, '61;
promoted from ist sergt. to 2nd lieut. Oct. 11, '62; to
ist lieut. Oct. 26, '62; to capt. Aug. 16, '63; mustered
out Mar. 7, '65. James N. Davenport, Dec. 5, '61; pro-
moted from ist sergt. to ist lieut. Aug. 4, '64; capt. June
4, '65; veteran. First lieutenants — Daniel Dobra, re-
signed Oct. 24, '62. John W. Fike, Dec. 5, '61; promoted
from sergt. to 2nd lieut. Oct. 26, '62; ist lieut. Aug. 16,
'63; died Oct. 18, '63. Henry C. Titman, promoted from
sergt. to 1st. lieut. Dec. 6, '63; killed at Wilderness May
5, '64. Thomas W. Edwards, Jan. 1, '64; promoted
from ist sergt. to ist lieut. June 4, '65; veteran. Second
lieutenants- — Henry J. Bashore, Feb. 15, '62; resigned
Sept. 28, '62. Edward Phillips, Jan. i, '64; promoted
from sergt. to 2nd lieut. June 9, '65; veteran. First ser-
geants — William Briggs, Jan. i, '64; promoted to sergt.
Jan. I, '65; to ist sergt. June 9, '65; veteran. John L.
Blessing, Dec. ig, '61; discharged by special order Apr.
16, '62. Sergeants — Conrad Miller, Jan. i, '64; dis-
charged on surg's certificate May 10, '65; veteran. John
D.Davenport, Apr. 15, '64; promoted sergt. Jan. i, '65;
veteran. James Lewis, Feb. 12, '64; promoted coip.
May I, '65; sergt, June 9, '65; veteran. Eli Swartz, Mar,
30, '64; promoted corp. June 1, '65; sergt. June 9, '65.
Charles B. Post; killed Apr. 29, '63. Henry C. Alatter;
not on muster out roll. Corporals — Charles H. Clock, Feb.
12, '64; promoted corp. Jan. i, '65; absent, wounded, at
muster out; veteran. James H. Hatherill, Mar. 28, '64;
promoted corp. Mar. i, '65. William Simmons, Mar. 28,
'64; promoted corp. Mar. i, '65. David Johnston, Mar.
15, '65; promoted corp. June i, '65. John Brown, Feb.
12, '64; promoted corp. Mar. i, '65; veteran. Tobias
Sink, Jan. 13, '62; deserted; returned. Philip Eck and
C. W. Waltimyer; not on muster out roll, George W.
W. Myers and George W, Bowerman, Aug. 13, '62; dis-
charged May 31, '65. Musicians — William Osborn,
William S, Sheerer; not on muster out roll.
Privates. — Charles Aich, not on muster out roll.
Abram Besicker, Feb. 12, '64; veteran. Adam Besicker,
Mar. 17, '64; veteran. Michael Better, April 11, '65;
substitute; discharged July 20, '65. William Beal, Mar.
15, '65; drafted. Jacob Barras, Mar. 15, '65; drafted.
John Boor, Nov. 28, '64; drafted. Frederick Berringer,
July 21, 62; absent, sick, at muster out. Lewis Briggs
and James P. Brown, not on muster out roll. Nelson
Betron, captured; died at Salisbury, N. C., Jan. 12, '65.
Stephen Bailey, not on muster out roll, John Confer
and Aaron Confer, Mar. 15, '65; drafted; mustered out
with company July 1, '65. Daniel Cooster, Aug. 20, '63;
drafted; mustered out with company July i, '65. Sam-
uel R. Corbett, Mar, 15, '65; drafted; mustered out with
<^
COMPANY C. IIKTV-SIXTH RKGIMENT— HISTORY OK THK FIFTY-SEVENTH.
/|T\ »
»3'
company July i, '65. Abram I,. Clock, Samuel Croft,
Thomas Clark and Patrick I >. Curry, not on muster out
roll. Anthony Day, Mar. 15, '65; drafted. Henry
Debraun, April 11, '65; discharged June 29, "65. .■Xhram
Depew, died at Ale.vandria, Va., June 15, '65. Elijah
Detrick, not on muster out roll. James Elliott, July 5,
'64; drafted. John Engleman, not on muster out roll.
C.eorge W. Foulkrod, Feb. 13, '64; absent, wounded, at
muster out; veteran. William Fox. George J. Fulmer
and George Fullmer, Mar. 15, '65; drafted; mustered
out with company July 1, '65. Samuel A. F^oulkrod and
C'harles B. Frazee, not on muster out roll. Henry
Growner and John Gougler, Mar. 15, '65; drafted;
mustered out with company July i, '65. Israel Gordon,
not on muster-out roll. Paul Hughes, Mar. 15, '65;
drafted. Robert Harford, John Henry and Peter Hush-
elbeck, not on muster-out roll. Harrison Jones, Mar.
15, '65; drafted. Jacob Jackson, not on muster-out roll.
George Kiser, Mar. 15, '65; drafted; mustered out
with company July i, '65. Eli Kiser, Mar. 15,
'65; drafted; discharged by general order July 20,
"65. John Kaiser ist, John Kaiser 2nd, Abram
Keely, James Kerr and Simon Knight, Mar. 15, '65;
drafted; mustered out with company July i, '65. Ed-
ward P. Kytte, Abram Kittle and Timothy Kern; not on
muster-out roll. Peter Lutz; March 15, '65; drafted; dis-
charged. Samuel K. Lasthan, \Villiam Lowers, Michael
Long and Charles Lineman, March 15, '65; drafted;
mustered out with company July i, '65. Fletcher Line;
not on muster-out roll. Leroy Marshall, April 4, '65;
substitute. Peter Mannas, Martin L. Mehrton and
Thomas H. Morgan, March 15, '65; drafted; mustered
out with company July i, '65. Jacob W. Miller, Sept.
21, '64; drafted; discharged May 31, '65. Albert Matte-
son; died January 11, "63. William Miller and John
Mulhern; not on muster-out roll. Francis Morris; died
May 31, '65, at Alexandria, Va. A. MXkiilker, March 15,
'6;
drafted. Francis M'Cue, Oct. 31, '64.
Wm.
M'CuUough, March 15, '65; drafted. Rarnhard M'Entire,
March 15, '65; drafted; absent, sick, at muster-out. Wil-
M'Elhattan, Samuel M'Elhattan, Joseph M'Elhattan,
John M'Dowell and William M'Dowell, March 15, '65;
drafted; mustered out with company July i, '65. Owen
M'Donald; died at City Point, Va., December 10, "64.
Isaac Nelson, July 19, '64; drafted. Samuel Null,
Sept. 21, 64; drafted; discharged May 31, '65.
F'rancis Newcombe ; discharged March 2, '65.
John Pease, Aug. 13, '62; discharged May 31, '65. Ja-
cob Pletcher, March 20, '65; drafted; discharged July 17,
'65. Comer Phillips; not on muster-out roll. John
Pickering; died May 4, '64. George B. Palmer; not on
muster-out roll. John Ralston, March 15, '65; drafted.
George Rice, Nov. 28, '64; drafted. Wesley Remaley,
Jan. 13, "62; deserted; returned. John Ruth, Feb. 12,
'64; captured; discharged June 3, '65. John Remaley
and Stephen Remaley; not on muster-out roll. William
Stull, March 15, '65; drafted; discharged July 15, '65.
George Shaffer, Sept. 26, '64; drafted; discharged May
31, '65. Noah Stevens; not on muster-out roll. Lewis
E. Slote; captured; died at Salisbury, N. C, Feb. 11, '65.
William C. Strenk; died Aug. 12, '64. Abram Swartz;
died Jan. 7, '65. Isaac B. Titus, Jan. 14, '64; veteran.
Job Thomas, Aug. 31, '63: drafted. Charles Taylor; not
on muster-out roll. John Waltmyer, Jan. i, "64; absent,
wounded, at muster out; veteran. Harmon Watkins,
April 5, '65; drafted; discharged July 3, '65.
FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT.
On the i4lh of December, 1861, this regiment moved to
Washington, and in February, 1862, it joined the Army of
the Potomac. It was at the siege of Yorktown, where
it had one man killed and five wounded, and where the
health of the rest suffered greatly from malaria. While
before Yorktown the regiment was in a slight engagement.
It was engaged at Fair Oaks, where it lost seven killed
and forty-nine wounded. It was again in action at
Charles City Cross Roads, where it lost seven killed and
fifty-six wounded. At Malvern Hill it was also in action,
and lost two killed and eight wounded. On the 30th of
August it was engaged at the second battle of Bull Run,
and lost three wounded.
Four companies of the 57th were sent after the battle
of Chantilly under a flag of truce to bring away the body
of (leneral Kearney, who was killed in that action. In
the battle of Fredericksburg the regiment lost 21 killed,
76 wounded and 78 missing. At the battle of Chan-
cellorsville it lost 13 killed, 48 wounded and 23 missing.
It was engaged both days at Gettysburg and lost 12 killed,
45 wounded and 47 missing. It was also engaged at
Auburn Creek, Kelly's Ford and Locust Grove, suffering
some loss in each engagement.
A large portion of the regiment re-enlisted and re-
ceived a veteran furlough in January, 1864.
In May they were engaged between Chancellorsville
and Spottsylvania, where they lost heavily. From the
1 2th of May to the 14th of June they were often in
action, with some loss.
The regiment went to the front of Petersburg, where it
remained till October, most of the time at the front and
once sharply engaged. In that month it was in action at
Hatcher's Run, and again on the 5th of the following Feb-
ruary. It was frequently engaged afterward and partici-
pated in the movements which resulted in the capture of
Richmond and the surrender of Lee's army. It was
mustered out at Alexandria, Va., June 29th, 1865.
This regiment included one company — A — recruited
in Wyoming and Susquehanna counties. The best
obtainable record of this company is given below. The
first date is that of muster-in. Most of the men were
mustered out June 29th, 1865, and that date is to be
understood when none is given.
COMP.ANV A.
Officers. — Captains — Peter Sides, Dec. 4, '61; pro-
moted lieut. col. Sept. 15, '62. Jerome R. Lyons, Dec.
4, '61; promoted from ist lieut. to capt., Sept. 15, '62;
discharged Oct. 4, '64, for wounds received in action.
Henry H. Hinds, Dec. 4, '61; promoted from ist sergt.
to isi lieut. Jan. 7, '63; capt. May 15, '65; discharged
May 15, '65. lames M. Darling, Sept. 15, '61; dismissed
June 15, '64. Daniel W. (;ore. 1st lieuts.— Edison J.
Rice. Dec. 4, '61; wounded at Fair Oaks May 31, '62;
promoted from 2nd to ist lieut. Sept. 15. '62 to capt. Go.
Y. Feb. 28, '63. Franklin V. Shaw; veteran. 2nd lieuts.
— leremiah C. Green, Dec. 4, '61; promoted from ist
sergt. to 2nd lieut. Jan. 7, '63; wounded at Gettysburg;
killed at Spottsylvania Courthouse May u, '64. George
L. .\mey, Dec. 4, '61; promoted from ist sergt. to 2nd
lieut. April 16, '65; veteran, ist sergt.. Joseph M. Tripp,
Dec. 31, '61; promoted to sergt. April 18. "65; to ist
sergt. June i, '65; veteran. Sergts.— Eli F. Hudson,
Dec. 31, "61; promoted corp. April 1, '64; sergt. Sept.
n4=
4^
U2
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
I. '64; absent, wounded, at muster out. G. B. C'ran-
dall, Aug. 4, '62; promoted to corp. .Sept. i, '64;
sergt. Nov. i, '64; discharged June 10, '65. Abram
Keefer, Feb. [i, '64; ])romoted from cor|). to
sergt. June i, '65; William Doberty, Feb. 10.
'64, promoted from corp. to sergt. June i, '65.
William J. Gallagher, Aug. 29, '64: discharged May 31,
'65. Edgar Yanloan, April i, '62; mustered out Ayiril 10,
'65. Cassius M. Rose, Dec. 31, '63; discharged May 8,
'65; veteran. Solomon C. Miller, Oct. 4, '61; mustered
out Oct. 25, '64. John Burnside, Oct. 4, '61; captured;
died at Andersonville, Ga., July 18, '64. James H. Childs,
Dec. 31, '63; killed at Wilderness, May 5, '64; veteran.
William H. Cole, Dec. 31, '63; killed at Wilderness, May
S, '64; veteran. Edgar Williams, Oct. 4, '61; promoted
to 2nd lieut. Company E Nov. 4, '63. A. B. Robinson,
Nov. I, '61; mustered out Nov. 15, '64. George C.
Green, Dec. 4, '6r; not on muster out roll. William F.
Bailey, Dec. 4. '61; mustered out Nov. 15, '64. William
W. Hinds, Dec. 4, '61 ; not on muster out roll. Corpoi-als —
John O'Conner, Dec. 31, '63; promoted corp. Sept. i, '64;
veteran. Samuel B. Taylor, Oct. 3, '64; drafted; pro-
moted corp. April 18, '65. Gilbert H. Mitchell, Jan. i,
'64; veteran. S. A. Kimball, Sept. 28, '64; drafted; pro-
moted Corp. April 18, '65; discharged June 24, '65.
Foster R. Vincent, Feb. 16, '64; promoted corp. June i,
'65. C. H. Warner, Mar. 12, '64; transferred from
141st Pennsylvania May 28, '65. Elias Foust, April 3,
'65; substitute; promoted corp. June i, '65. Alvin
Strope, Feb. 16, '64; promoted to corp. June i, '65;
Chauncy Brace, Jan. i, '64; discharged on surg's certifi-
cate Mar. 9, '65; veteran. Stephen Beals, Aug. 19, '64;
discharged May 31, '65. Amos H. Miller, Oct. 22, '61;
mustered out Oct. 25, '64. Edward F. Holly, Oct. 23, '61;
captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 7, '64; grave
3,020. Phil. P. Robinson, Aug. 11, '62; died of wounds
received at Wilderness May 6, '64. Julius B. Vanwinkle,
Theodore S. Clink, Daniel Carey, Adelbert B. Robinson,
John L. Strunk, Bentley Stark, Peter D. Kispaugh and
Lidgar W. Avery, Dec. 4, '6 1 ; not on muster out roll.
Privates. — Levi Anson, Dec. 31, '63; veteran. John
Ackley, Feb. 16, '64. Joseph B. Ashcraft, Aug. 18, '63;
wounded at Wilderness, May 5, '64; absent at muster out.
John L. Acker, Aug. 18, '62; discharged May 31, '65.
Lafayette Anson, Oct. 22, '61; mustered out Oct. 25, '64.
Page Almon, March 17, '64; missing in action June 22,
'64. John Austin, Dec. 4, '61, and Robert .-Xiken, Feb.
27, '64; not on muster-out roll. Benjaiiiin Bailey, Marcli
29, '64. Lewis Bowman, Feb. 16, '64. Cyrus Blue, Feb.
27, '64; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran. Martin V.
Billings, Dec. 4, '61; veteran. Charles Broch; deserted;
returned; transferred from 35th Pa. June 17, '65. Fred-
erick Burgess, Sept. 21, '64; William Bromley, Aug. 24,
'64, and James Briggs, Aug. 29, 64; discharged May 31,
'65. Frederick Brudick, Aug. 26, '64; discharged on
surg's certificate Feb. 9, '65. James M. Brady, Oct. 22,
'61; mustered out Oct. 25, '64. Charles W. Butler, Nov.
19, '61; mustered out Nov. 23, '64. Ezra C. Browning,
Philander S. Bronson, Patrick Barrett and Lewis Billings,
Dec. 4, '61; not on muster-out roll. Isaac P>rotzman, Dec.
4, '61; died Aug. 17, '63. Lyman Bolls, Dennis L. Bump
and Horace J. Barnes, Dec. 4, '61; not on muster-out
roll. Levi T. Bray, Feb. 12, '62; absent on detached
duty at muster out; veteran. Francis ("onrad, Dec. 2r,
'63; veteran. J. W. Chamberlain, Dec. 21, '63, absent,
sick, at muster out; veteran. Charles H. Cole, Aug. 18, '63.
Warren Cooper, .Aug. 24, '64; substitute; wounded at
Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64; discharged May 31, '65.
Michael Carey, April 3, '65; substitute. William Conrad,
Dec. 21, '63; discharged June 5, '65; veteran. John
Casson, Sept. i, '64; discharged May 31, '65. AViiliani
'64. Phelps Elmer, Oct.
icksburg Dec. 13, '62.
mond, Va., Nov. 5, '63.
Casper Feltman, Aug. 27,
John C. Forbes, Sept. 28,
P. Crans, Dec. 4, '61; mustered out Dec. 6, '64. Joseph
Clark, Oct. 22, '61; died Oct. 2, '64, of wounds received
at Peeble's Farm, Va., Sept. 29, '64. James Clink. Adam
Clink, Henry N. Capwell and Aaron Cogswell, Oct. 22,
'61; not on muster-out roll. Charles Cramer; killed at
Gettysburg July, '63. Patrick Doherty, Dec. 3T, '63;
ueteran. Burton Demoney, Feb. 16, '64; wounded at
'V^'llderness, Va., May 5, "64; discharged June 19. '65.
Lewis Darling, Sept. 26, '64; substitute; discharged May
31, '65. Orlando M. Decker, Aug. 29, '62; discharged
May 3, '65. William Drake, Oct. 22, '61; mustered out
Oct. 25, '64. Daniel Davney, Dec. 31, '61; mustered out
Dec. 8, '64. Oliver Dickson, Nov. 1, '61; transferred to
Company C. Daniel Divene, Nov. i, '61; not on muster
out roll. Henry Dickson, Nov. i, '61 ; mustered out Nov.
14, '64. John W. Divine, James E. Dickenson, Fernan-
do C. Decker and Sidne)' Dickenson, Nov. i, '61; not on
muster-out roll. Ward Eastabrook, Dec. 31, '63; veteran.
Levi Emery, Feb. 11, '64; killed at Wilderness May 5,
22, '61; missing at F'reder-
J. Ellison; died at Rich-
Thomas Foster, Feb. 16, '64.
'64; discharged May 31, '65.
'64; drafted; discharged May
31, '65. Henry Forbes, Oct. 22, '61; mustered out Oct. 25,
'64; Lyman C. Fonish, Oct. 22, '61 ; mustered out Nov. 14,
'64. Henry F3. Fox, Aug. 18, '62; died at City Point, Va.,
Mar. 23, '65. John Fitzgerald and Jacob Freeman, Nov.
I, '61; not on muster out roll. James A. Foster and
Samuel Foster, Feb. 25, '64; not on muster out roll. Ed-
win C. Goodrich, Dec. 13, '63; veteran. Horace Gree-
ley, Aug. 29, '64; substitute; discharged May, 31, '65.
Erastus Green, Oct. 22, '61; mustered out Oct. 25, '64.
John W. Granger, Luther A. Granger and George 1).
Gregory, Nov. i, '61; not on muster out roll. Minor
Hoover, Mar. 29, '64. Nathan Hoffman, Apr. 3, '65;
substitute. Rudolph Hannsman, Aug. 26, '64; substi-
tute; discharged May 31, '65; Michael Horton, Aug. 13,
'62; discharged May 31, '65. William Holly, Feb. 16,
'64; discharged June 12, '65. Lyman Heman, Feb. i6,'64;
discharged on surg's certificate Dec. 13, '64. Jonatlan
Heman 2nd, Mar. 25, '64; died at Washington, D. C,
June, '64. Jonathan Heman ist, Feb. i6,'64; deserted June
16, '64. Asa L. Harding, Nov. i, '61; not on muster out
roll, (leorge P. Hopkins; died at Philadelphia, Pa., July
22, '62. John J. Harrington, Nov. i, '61; not on muster
out roll. Oscar Hashman, Aug. 26, '64; discharged Aug.
23, '65. James Johnson, Mar. 28, '64. George John-^on,
Mar. 26, '64; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-house May
12, '64; absent at muster out. Francis Johnson, Mar. 26,
"64. Xavier Joset, Aug. 2, '64; substitute; discharged June
29, '65. Freeman Jones, Nov. i, '61; not on muster-out
roll, (ieorge Keesley and John Keller, Ap. 3, '65; substitutes.
Henry Keller, April 8, '65; substitute. Thomas Kench,
Nov. 7, '61; absent, sick, at muster out. William l!.
Keaton and Richard N. Kennedy, Nov. i, '61; not on
muster out roll. J. Kirkhoff; died April 12, '65. Jere-
miah Lindininith, \\ix\\ 3, '65; substitute. Joseph
Larum. .April 8, '65; substitute; absent, sick, at muster
out. Sumner E. Lines, Nov. i, '61; died at City Point,
Va., June 18, '64. Clark M. Lyons, Nov. r, '61; pro-
moted adj. May 2, '64. Renard C. Lewis, Nov. i, '61;
not on muster out roll. Charles Murray, Feb. 29, '64;
absent, sick, at muster out; veteran. Abram Moyer, April 8,
'65; substitute. Johnson Madison, Aug. 28, '62; missing
at Gettysburg July 3, '63. Hiram H. Meeker and Thom;is
M. Manard, Nov. i, '61; not on muster roll. Stephen
H. Manard, Nov.
killed at Fair Oaks May
'62.
Samuel Marshall, Dec. 30, '61; veteran. Hugh M'Cann,
April 3, '65; substitute. John M'Canaha, Aug. 29, '64;
substitute; discharged May 31, '65. James M'Neal,
■^^™
<¥<
COMPANY A, FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT— THE FIFTV-EICHTH.
'33
Aug. 9, '62; discharged May^i, '65. John M'Kecl, Sej)!.
28, '64; drafted; discharged on siirg's certificate April 4,
'65. John C. M'C'ormick and (diaries M'Cormick, Nov.
I, '61; not on muster out roll. Nelson Northrop, Feb.
16, '64; tranferred to \'. R. C; discharged July 21, '65.
Frederick Nauman, Nov. i, '61; not on muster out roll.
Charles Oliphant, Mar. 17, '64,; discharged June 14, '65.
Ferdinand Otis, Israel Otis and William H. Osborn,
Nov. I, '61; not on muster-out roll. Stejihen M.
Osborn, Nov. i, "61; died at Alexandria, Va.,
March 16, '64. Edward S. Perkins, Dec. 31, '63; dis-
charged by special order March 12, '64. Henry \V. Pot-
ter, Charles P. Post, William H. Penny and Sidney E.
Penny, Nov. i, '61; not on muster out roll. John Pool,
Feb. r6, '64. I'atrick (,)uigley, Jan. 11, '64; wounded at
Wilderness May 5, '64; absent at muster out. John
H. Rowe, Nov. 25. '61 ; wounded at Wilder-
ness May 5, '64; mustered out Nov. 16, '64.
Hiram Robinson, Aug. 18, '63; vfounded at Wilderness
Mays, '64; discharged July 31, '65. Thomas M. Rob-
inson, Aug. 18, '63. Charles Reitz, Aug. 26, '64; substi-
tute; discharged Mav 31, '65. John W. Rolfe, Oct. 22,
'61; sentenced by genera! court martial to Dry Tortugas
April 30, '64. Emerson Reynolds, Nov. i, '61; killed at
. Chancellorsville May 3, '63. Mortimer Roberts, Nov. i,
'61; not on muster-oiit roll. Nathaniel Strope, Mar. 10,
'64. Henry Steele, Mar. 17, '64. Conrad Shank, Aug.
23, '64; substitute; absent, sick, at muster out. John
Smith, Aug. 12, '64; substitute; wounded Mar. 25, '65;
discharged June 7, '65. Charles Smead, Nov. 11, '64; sub-
stitute; mustered out June 29, '65. George E. Stage, Mar.
31, '64; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64; absent at
muster out. David E. Sarver, Aug. 27, '64; discharged May
19, '65. Benjamin E. Seeley, Feb. 13, '64: discharged on
surg's certificate April 14, '65. William Smith, Oct. 22, '61;
mustered out Oct. 25, '64. Oscar Shores, Oct. 22, '61; mus-
tered out Oct. 25, '64. Samuel Spiker, Sept. 26, '64; trans-
ferred to veteran reserve corps Mar. 19. '65. Daniel Smith,
died June 14, '64. Stogdell Storm, Jeremiah Storm,
Fred Stephens, James Straney, N. Y. Sherwood, Michael
Saxton, Walter B. Sim|)son, Mitdul O. Stark, Frank O.
Sember, Bentley Stark, P. B. Strickland, George E. Stage
and John L. Strunk, Nov. i, '61; not on muster out roll.
Robert Tinker, Aug, 10, '64; substitute. Henry W.
Terry, F"eb. 25, "62; wounded May 3, '63; absent at mus-
ter out. James Tallent and Henry W. Terry, Nov. i, '61;
not on muster-out roll. Milton S. Travis, Nov. i, '61; died
at Alexandria, Va., June 11, '64. Volney \V. Tiffaney,
Nov. I, '61: killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, '62. Zebulon
Vincent, March 22, '64; discharged on surg's certificate
.•Xpril 15, '65. Chester Vandipool, Feb. 29, '64; trans-
ferred to veteran reserve corps. Eli Vandipool, Feb. 11,
'64: killed at Wilderness May 5, '64. Charles Vandipool,
March 29, '64; killed at Wilderness May 5, '64. William
W. Wright, Dec. 31, '63; absent, sick, at muster out;
veteran. Uriah Wheeler, Feb. 16, '64; wounded at Wil-
derness May 5, '64; ab.sent at muster out. Richard
Wheeler, March 22, '64; absent, sick, at muster out.
Hiram Weaver, Oct. 8, '64; substitute. Martin V. Wise,
Dec. 31, '63; wounded at Wilderness May 5, '64; absent
at muster out; veteran, Joseph E. Wilson, .April 2, '65;
substitute; absent, sick, at muster out. Jacob Weise,
.April 2, '65; substitute. John Wise, .April 3, '65; substi-
tute. John Watson, July 25, '64; substitute: discharged
May 31, "65. George B. Wilmoth, Nov. i, '61; not on
muster-out roll. W. J. Whitney, Nov. i, '6t: wounded
at Charles City Cross Roads June 30, '62, and at
Chancellorsville May 3, '63; discharged. Joshua Wick-
son, Warren S. VVood, Martin Wice and Erastus
Warren, Nov. i, '61; not on muster-out roll. James
\. Wiggins, Nov. 19, '61; mustered out Dec. 4, '64.
Paul Weale ; died at Andersonville, Ga., .August
FIFTV-EIt;HTII RKGl.MEN T.
Of this regiment a portion of Company I was from
I.uzerne county. It was organized in I-cbruary, 1862,
by the consolidation of ])aris of two regiments that were
i)artly full. The regiment left Philadelphia March 8th,
1862, for Fortress Monroe. May loth, with other troops,
the s8th embarked for Norfolk, debarking at Ocean View
and marching to ihe city, which was found deserted, it
soon afterward went to Portsmouth, where it engaged in
guard, picket and fatigue duty, occasionally going on
expeditions in which it was engaged in skirmishes.
January 5th, 1863, it sailed for Beaufort, N. C. where
it arrived on the following day and camped eight miles
west of Newbern. While there it encountered occasional
scouting parties of the enemy, and finally, on ll.e 12th o(
February, the regiment went in search of the camp of
these scouts, which it found, surprised, routed and de-
stroyed. Several skirmishes and slight battles occurred
in the vicinity. In May the regiment marched to Kins-
ton with the 2sth Mass. and captured the works there
and 175 prisoners. Soon afterward a battle was fought
at Bachelor's Creek, and Colonel Jones of the 58th was
killed. In June the regiment went to Washington, N. C,
and while there occasional skirmishes and minor battles
took place.
In the latter part of .Ajiril, 1864, the regiment went to
Fortress Monroe; thence to Yorktown, and from there
liii Bermuda Hundred to the vicinity of Petersburg
On the 9th of May, in an encounter with the enemy, the
58th lost 20 killed and wounded. It was not engaged
again south of the James. .At Cold Harbor it was twice
in action, losing heavily. In September the regiment
participated in an assault on Fort Harrison, in which, out
of 9 officers and 228 men, 6 officers and 128 men were
killed or wounded. The same day they assaulted
another fort and spiked its guns, and the next repulsed
with terrible slaughter an attack on Fort Harrison. The
regiment was twice afterward inaction without casualties.
It was also engaged in guard and picket duty, building
fortifications, slashing timber, digging rifle pits, etc. It
was in the final campaign and was afterward under the
orders of the Freedmen's Bureau. It was not mustered
out till January, 1866.
While the 58th was chiefly recruited at Philadelphia,
Company I contained a representation from I.uzerne,
and we give a roll of that company, although it was
partly raised in Northumberland county. Following the
name of each man is the date when he was mustered in.
Unless otherwise stated he was mustered out with the
regiment.
COM PAW I.
Officers. — Captains — John Buyers, Jan. 28, '62; resigned
May 30, '63. Angello Jackson, Dec. 24, '61; promoted
from ist lieut. to capt. .Aug. 19, '63; dismissed Sept. 25,
'65. First lieutenants — Thomas Birmingham, Oct. 29,
'61; promotedfrom ist sergt.'to 2nd lieut. Dec. 13, '62;
*f=
M^
t
4
134
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
to ist lieut. Aug. 19, '63; wounded at Fort Harrison, Va.
Sept. 29, '64; promoted to capt. Company G March i,
'65. Heber Painter, Oct. 8, '61; promoted from private
to ist. sergt. Nov. 26, '64; ist lieut. March i, '65: capt.
Jan. 23, '66; not mustered; veteran. Second lieutenant,
John "r. Searies, Jan 28, '62; died at Suffolk, Va., Dec.
13, '62. First sergeants — William H. Blair, Nov. 20, '61;
promoted corp. Dec. i, '64; 1st sergt. March i, '65; ist
lieut. Jan. 2^, '66; not mustered; veteran. Robert
Hedian, Jan. 13, '62; promoted sergt. Jan. 23, '62; ist
sergt. Jan. 28, 63; 2nd lieut. June 5, '63; not mustered;
discharged May 6, '65, for wounds received at Fort Har-
rison, ^■a., Sept. 29, '64. Sergeants — James Harlor, Dec.
9, '61; promoted corp. Oct. i. '64; sergt. April 25, '65.
veteran. Samuel Wolf, Oct. 8, '61; promoted corp. Oct.
I, "63; sergt. April 25, '65; 2nd lieut. Jan. 23, '66; not
mustered; veteran. William H. Gass, Oct. 8, '61; pro-
moted corp. Jan. 25, '65; sergt. April 25, '65; vet-
eran. Norman W. Haas, Oct. 8, '61; promoted corp.
June 10, '65; sergt. June 26, '65; veteran. John M.
Dickover, Oct. 24, '61; promoted corp. Jan. 13, '62; sergt.
Dec. II, '62; discharged May 6, '65, for wounds received
at Chapin's Farm, Va., Sept. 29, '64; veteran. Samuel
C. Barton, July 29, '62; promoted corp. March i, '65;
sergt. May 20, '65; discharged June 12, '65. George W.
Kease, Jan. 23, '62; died at Suffolk, Va., Dec. 11, '62.
Corps. — Robert Martin, Oct. 8, '61; promoted corp.;
prisoner from Sept. 29 to Oct. 20, "64; veteran. George
V\^ Adams, Nov. 22, '61; promoted corp. Oct. 27, '62;
wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, '64; absent at
muster out; veteran. Hiram Fisher, Dec. 30, '61; pro-
moted corp. April i, '65; veteran. Samuel Taylor, Oct.
8, '61, and George D. Aton, Dec. 31, '61; promoted
corps. April 8, '65; veterans. John Fisher, Dec. 30, '61:
promoted corp. April 24, '65; veteran. H. Housewart,
Dec. 18, '61; promoted corp. Dec. 18, '62; killed in action
Sept. 29, '64; veteran. James De Witt, Feb. 28, '62; pro-
moted corp. Nov. 6, '63; mustered out Feb. 28, '65. Jo-
seph Nagle, Dec. 5, '61; promoted corp. April 4, '65; dis-
charged May 24, '65, for wounds received at Chapin's
Farm, Va., Sept. 29, '64; veteran. Solomon Yordy, Jan.
23, '62; promoted corp. Dec. 18, '62; mustered out Jan.
24, '65. Joseph Crist, Oct. 8, '61; promoted corp. Jan.
23, '62; mustered out Nov. 19, '64. Henry Katsher, Oct.
8, '61; promoted corp. Dec. 21, '62; died Oct. 19, '64, of
wounds received at Chapin's Farm, Va., Sept. 29, '64;
veteran. Bennett E. Cobley, Jan. 13, '62; died at Hamp-
ton, Va., Sept. 17, '64. Daniel Bochner, Jan. 13, '62;
promoted corp. Oct. 27, "62; transferred to 4th U. S. Ar-
tillery Nov. 24, '62. Jacob M. Boyd, Aug. 25, '62; pro-
moted Corp. Dec. 20, '62; transferred to U. S. Signal
Corps, Aug. 20, '63. L. H. Gaffney, Aug. 3, '62; pro-
moted corp. Oct. I, '64; sergt. maj. Dec. 19, '64. Musi-
cian, John Mullen, Nov. 20, '61; veteran.
Privates. — Solomon P. .\ton, Nov. 20, '61; veteran.
l.ouis Angermiiler, Aug. 5, '64; substitute. H. A. Addle-
man, Nov. 2, '64; substitute; mustered out Nov. 3, '65.
Samuel Bartsher, Oct. 8, '61, and Aaron Burket, Dec. 27,
'61; veterans. Robert Brown, Sept. 25, '62; discharged
June 7, '65. John Barton, Jan. 13, '62; died July 30,
'64, of wounds received at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3,
'64. Martin L. Bloom, Oct. 8, '61; died in Northum-
berland county, Pa., Dec. 7, '64; veteran. Robert W.
Bell, Jan. 13, '62; deserted Jan. 17, '62. Edward Berney,
Dec. 9, '61; deserted Jan. 8, '62. Charles H. Cook, Dec.
17, '61, and William H. Cook, Oct. 30, '61; veterans.
Samuel Crist, Nov. 28, '61; deserted; returned; veteran.
Joseph E. Carpenter, Dec. 9, '64; substitute. Daniel
Conrad, Oct. 8, '61; killed at Cold Harbor June 3, '64;
veteran. William K. Conrad, Oct'. 29, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate Dec. 18, '62. Henry K. Conrad, Jan.
23, '62; died at Harrisburg, Pa., Jan. 24, '62. Patrick
Carl, Dec. 27, '61, and Thomas Cruse, Dec. 4, '61; trans-
ferred to Com])any H Jan., '62. Henry C. Cook, Nov.
25, "61; deserted Jan. 17, '62. Samuel T. Coleman, July
19, '62; captured April 15, '63; absent at muster out.
Daniel Deets, Nov. 16, '61; wounded at Cold Harbor
June 2, '64; absent at muster out; veteran. James E.
Danton, Jan. 18, '62; discharged on surg's certificate
June 24, '62. Alfred S. Dennis, Nov. 18, '61; discharged
on surg's certificate Aug. 24, '62. Asmus Damm, Nov.
23, '61; discharged on surg's certificate June 24, '65;
veteran. Benjamin F. Diehl, Oct. 8, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate June 20, '65; veteran. Edward E.
Doran, July 29, '62; transferred to 4th U. S. artillery
Nov. 24, '62. John Deon, Dec. 9, '64; substitute; de-
serted April 2, '65. George Eckhart, Sept. 27, '64;
drafted; discharged June 9, '65. William H. Freeman,
Nov. 2, '64; substitute; mustered out Nov. 3, '65. Philip
Forester, Oct. 28, '61; mustered out Jan. 24, '65, to date
Oct. 28, '64. James C. Fleming, Nov. 2, '64; sub-
stitute; died at Point of Rocks, Va., Feb. 27, '65.
Solomon Fosbolt, Jan. 23, '62; transferred to 4th U. S.
artillery Nov. 24, '62. Henry Gutchall, Dec. 29, '61;
wounded in action Sept. 29, '64; absent at muster out;
veteran. Josejjh Gregory, Jan. 13, '62; discharged Jan- .
uary 24, '65, for wounds received at Cold Harbor June
3, '64. John G. Groner, Jan. 9, '62; discharged Oct. 10,
'65, for wounds received at Cold Harbor June 3, '64;
veteran. Emanuel Gutchall, Mar. 23, '65; drowned in
Paradise creek, Va., Aug. 10, '62. Willi;im Gallagher,
Dec. II, '61; died June 13, '64, of wounds received at
Cold Harbor June 3, '64. Harris A. Hooper, Dec. 12,
'61; veteran. Samuel JJeim, Jan. 23, '62; mustered out
Feb. 3, '65. Thomas Hudson, Nov. 2, '64; substitute;
mustered out Nov. 3, '65. John Hardman, Dec. 9, '61;
died at Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. '64; veteran, James
Hoey, Oct. 8, '61; died at Hagerstown, Md., Jan, 1 1, '65 ;
veteran. Patrick Hughes, Nov. 4, '61; transferred to
Company H Jan. '62. Benjamin F. Heffner, Dec. 18, '61;
deserted Aug. 26, '64; veteran. John A. Jennings, Dec.
9, '61; transferred to Company H January, '62. Thomas
Kelly, Feb. 14, '62; veteran. August W. Keiber, Nov.
12, '64; substitute; deserted Aug. 23, '65. George Lewis,
Nov. II, '61; wounded at Cold Harbor June 3, '64;
absent at muster out; veteran. Martin Loftus, Nov. 15,
'61; veteran. Cieorge W. Lee, Jan. 13, '62; killed in
action April 17, '63. James Lafferty, Dec. 18, '61; killed
at Chapin's Farm Sept. 29, '64; veteran. Robert Leach,
Nov. 2, '64; substitute; mustered out Nov. 3, '65. Levi
S. Lloyd, Nov. 2, '64; substitute; died July 11, '65.
Edward Long, Jan. 13, '62; deserted January 17, '62.
William B. Martin, Oct. 8, '6i; veteran. Henry Miller,
Jan 24, '62; discharged on surg's certificate. May 19, '62.
James Masterson, Nov. 28, '61; died at Philadel-
phia, Pa., Aug. 26. '64; veteran. George D. Molt,
Aug., '62; died Aug. 9, '64, at Hampton, Va.
John Mench, Aug. 23, '64; died Oct. 15, '64,
of wounds received at Chapin's Farm Sept. 29, '64.
John Morisey, Dec. 19, '61; deserted Dec. 31, '62. An-
thony Marse; deserted Jan. 17, '62. James Morisey,
Nov. 27, '61; deserted. Charles Mott, Jan. 13, '62; de-
serted Dec. 30, '62. Michael Morgan, Nov. 17, '64; sub-
stitute; deserted Aug. 18, '65; returned; deserted again
Dec. 4, '65. George M'Donald, Nov. 19, '61; veteran.
Lafayette M'Clure and Robert M'Clure, Nov. 2, '64;
substitutes; mustered out Nov. 3, '65. Michael M'Carty,
Oct. 8, '61; deserted Nov., '61. Moses C. Norris, Nov.
2, '64; substitute; mustered out Nov. 3, '65. Winthrop
Oplinger, Nov. 22, '61; veteran. George Oplinger, Aug.
18, '64; discharged June 12, '65. Albert W. Osborn,
Nov. 2, '64; mustered out Nov. 7, '65. Charles A. Peal,
-^
,i:S OF THE SIX TV-I'IRsr RFX'.IMENT
'.vs
Jan. 23, '62; died at Camp Suffolk. Va., Pec. 3, '6.-.
John Reed, Dec. 12, '61; wounded al Cold Harbor June
3, '64; veteran. Patrick Rafter, Oct. 31, "61; killed at
Cold Harbor June 3, '64; veteran. Cornelius Robbins,
Nov. '25, "61; mustered out Dec. 7, '64. Jonathan
Rogers, Jan. 13. '62; discharged on surg's certificate
lune 26, '63. Kenjamin F. Reel, July 29, '62; dis-
riiarged June 12, '65. William Reeser, Jan. 23, '62; died
at Washington, N. C, Aug. 30, '63. Elias Raker, Dec.
0, '61; died at Fortress Monroe, Va.. of wounds received
at Chapin's Farm Sept. 29. '64; veteran. Joseph Reilz,
Dec. 24, '64; sidjstitute; died at Point of Rocks, Va.,
I"eb. 16, "65. James Rilev. Dec. 20, '61; transferred to
Company H jan, '62. William Roester, Nov. 18, '61;
deserted Dec. 30, '61. John i). Snyder, Oct. 8, '61;
wounded at Fort Harrison, Va., Sept. 29, '64; veteran.
George F. Slocum, Nov. 22, '61; veteran. Jacob Slough,
Oct. 8, '6t; wounded in action Sept. 29, '64; absent at
muster out; veteran. iM. M. Shoemaker, March 31, '65.
lamest Storkey. March 3, '62; discharged on surg's cer-
tificate Aug. 24, '62. William H. Skillham, Nov. i|,'62;
mustered out Nov. 3, '65. Joseph M. Snyder, Jan. 13,
'62; died at Beverly, N. J., Aug. 14, '64. Emmuel
Stroh, Oct. 8, '61; died Oct. 20, '64, at .Vlexandria.
John Sharp, Oct. 24, '62; died Nov. 9, '64, at Hampton, \'a.
Andrew E. Stewart, Dec. 22, '61; transferred to Company
C. George Shaffer, Nov. 2, '61; transferred to veteran
reserve corps Sept. 24, '64. Thomas Savage, Nov. 3, '64;
substitute; deserted .Aug. 28, '65. Norman R. Tracey,
Nov. 10, '61; transferred to the 4th United States artil-
lery, Nov. 24, '62. Edward Vangross, Nov. 14, '64; sub-
stitute. John G. Van Leer, Jan. 13, '62; discharged on
surg's certificate Nov. 27, '62. William Woods, Jan. 6,
'62- veteran. De L. S. Wynn, Oct. 8, '61; wounded in
action Sept. 29, '64 ; absent at muster out; veteran.
Julius Wirth, Nov. 14, '64; substitute. Thomas Wright,
/Vug. 13, '64; substitute. Martin Welsh, Dec. 9, '61;
killed at Chapin's Farm, Va., Sept. 29, '64; veteran.
l,ouis C. Weeks, Jan. 13. '62; discharged on surg's certi-
ficate Dec. 29, '62. John Winer, Dec. 16, '64; substitute;
discharged June 23, '65. William Williams, Dec. 17, '64;
transferred to Company K. Henry Waltz, Nov. 16, '64;
substitute; deserted Aug. 6, '65. Henry Werman, Nov.
16, '64; substitute; deserted Aug. 23, '65. John Williams,
Dec. 20, '61; deserted Jan. 12, '61. Oliver Yohey, Dec.
18, '61; veteran. Nathan Yohey, Dec. 8, '61; veteran.
Peter Zeliff, Oct. 8. '61 ; transferred to Company H Jan. '62.
CHAPTER XXII.
LUZF.RNE IN THE CIVIL WAR — HISTORIKS OF THE SIX TV-
FIRST AND SIXTY-FOURTH REGIMENTS.
V*\HE 61st regiment was organized in .August,
1 86 1. So pressing was the demand for
I
,. ^^^V' ,i troops that within a month it was ordered to
L-^-] the field, only 600 strong. It remained
within the defenses of Washington during the suc-
ceeding autumn and winter, but its ranks were not
filled by recruits. In February, 1862, it was
ordered to Bladensburg, and four companies were trans-
ferred to it.
On the 30th of March it arrived by transport at For-
tress Monroe and went forward to Vorktown. On the
evacuation of that place it went to Williamsburg and
thence up the Peninsula. The monotony of the march
was relieved by occasional reconnoisances, and on the
30th of May it arrived at Fair Oaks, where it was en-
gaged. Space will not permit a detail of the positions in
which the 61st was placed in this fight; but when it is
known that eleven officers including all the field ofticers
and sixty-nine men were killed, wounded or missing, the
severity of the engagement will be ap))reciated.
It remained encamped near the old battle ground, oc-
casionally skirmishing, for about a month, when the
retreat from the Chickahominy took place. At Charles
City Cross Roads, Turkey Hend and Malvern Hill, it was
engaged, but did not suffer severely, its losses being only
two officers and thirty-two men. It remained in camp
near Malvern Hill till .August i6th, when it went to Vork-
town 7iii Charles City and Williamsburg. I^arly in Sep-
tember it went by transport to .Alexandria, and thence
marched at once to Chantilly, where it arrived the even-
ing after the battle at that place. With the army it re-
turned, crossed the Potomac and entered on the Mary-
land campaign. It did picket duty on the Potomac till
September 17th, when it marched to the Antietam battle
field, arriving in the evening after the battle. It went
into camp at Downsville and remained till the last of
October. It then crossed the Potomac and advanced
with the army of General Burnsidc. It was slightly en-
gaged in the battle of Fredericksburg and suffered but
little loss. It participated in the " mud march," except
which it remained in camp during the winter of 1862-3.
At the battle of Chancellorsville it was fiercely engaged
and lost three officers and seventy-four men.
In June the regiment started on the Gettysburg cam-
paign. It arrived on the field during the second day of
the battle and was at once engaged, though not severely.
It followed and harrassed one of Lee's retreating col-
umns to Waynesboro. It then marched to White Sulphur
Springs, to Culpepper, to the Rapidan, to Fairfax Court-
house and to Warrenton. It was engaged at Rappahan-
nock Station; then went to Brandy Station, where it
wintered. Its strength was increased while there by the
return of absentees and by recruits; and on the 5th of
May, 1864, it crossed the Rapidan, and the next day
was engaged in the Wilderness, losing twelve killed and
thirty wounded. On the 6th it was again in battle, with
a loss of 15 killed and 40 wounded. From this time
during a month the regiment was constantly employed
in fighting, skirmishing, picketing, digging rifle-pits, etc.
During all this time, from the crossing of the Rapidan,
May 4, its losses amounted in killed, wounded and miss-
ing to 30 officers and 400 enlisted men. During the
remainder of the campaign of 1864 the 6ist was con-
stantly on active duty and was twice in action. .A |)or-
tion of the men whose terms of service had expired were
mustered out in September, and the veterans and recruits
consolidated into a battalion of five companies. During
Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah valley the
battalion was engaged at Opequan or Winchester, at
Fisher's Mill and at Cedar Creek.
4^—
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
In March, 1S65, its strength was increased to 9 com-
panies, and it became a regiment again. It was a part
of the besieging force before Petersburg till the final
assault, in which it participated. It was in the pursuit
of Lee and fired its last shot at the enemy at Sailor's
Creek. After the surrender of Lee the regiment marched
to Danville, where it remained nearly a month; then
returned, ])articipated in the grand review and was must-
ered out June 28th, 1865.
The officers of the 6ist regiment, and the members of
Company D, which was recruited in Luzerne county, are
named in the following lists, with a synopsis of their rec-
ords. Where a date immediately follows the name of a
soldier it is the time when he was mustered in. If not
otherwise stated he was mustered out with the regiment
June 28th, 1865. The muster-in date for most of Com-
pany D was September 2nd, 1863, and that date is to be
understood where no other is given.
FIELD .AND ST.AFF OFFICERS.
Colonels. — Oliver H. Ripley, July 24, '61; killed at Fair
Oaks May 31, '62. George C. Spear, Mar. 6, '62; pro-
moted from lieut. col. to col. June i, '62; killed at Chan-
cellorsville May 3, '63. George F. Smith, Mar. 15, '62;
promoted from maj. to lieut. col. June i, '62; col. Mar.
21, '64; mustered out Sept. 7, '64: recommissioned Sept.
29, '64; discharged bv special order April 20, '65. Rob-
ert L. Orr, Aug. 21, '61; promoted from capt. Company
A to maj. Dec. 18, '64; lieut. col. April 18, '65; col. May
14, '65-
■ Lieutenant Colonels. — John VV. Crosby, Sept. 2, '61; pro-
moted from capt. Company G to maj. April22, '64; wound-
ed at Fort Stevens July 11, '64; mustered out Dec. 15, '64;
recommissioned lieut. col. Feb. 22, '65; killed at Peters-
burg Ajjrii 2, '65. Charles S. Greene, Aug 21, '61; pro-
moted from capt. Company C to lieut. col. May 15, '65;
wounded at Winchester, Va., Sept. ig, '64.
Majors. — George W. Dawson, Aug. i, '61; promoted
from capt. Company C to maj. Dec. i, '62; lieut. col.
May 4, '63; not mustered; discharged April 16, '64. Oli-
ver A. Parsons, Sept. 2, '61; promoted from capt. Com-
pany D lo maj. May 13, '65.
^c^«/(?«A-.—Woolman G. Miller, Aug. i, '61; promoted
from 2nd lieut. Company E to 1st lieut. and adj. Sept. 7,
'61; discharged March 11, '63. George W. Wilson, Sept.
2, '61; promoted from 1st lieut. Company H to adj. Mar.
11, '63; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house May 9, '64.
Augustus R. Seller, Sept. 4, '61; promoted from 2nd lieut.
Company F. to ist lieut. and adj, .April 6, '65.
Quartermasters. — Benjamin W. Baldwin, Aug. i, '61;
mustered out Sejn. 6, '64. Charles F. Kennedy, Aug. 21,
'61; promoted from 1st lieut. Com[)anv C to Q. M. Dec.
18, '64.
Surj;eons. — Robert M. Tindle, Sept. 14, '61; resigned
Aug. 19, '63. George R. Lewis, Aug. 1, '62; promoted
from ass't surg. 54th Pa. Sept. 18, '63.
Assistant Surgeons. — Ambrose J. Herr, Sept. 7, '61;
promoted surg. 68th Pa. Sept. 13, '62. James B. Freeland,
Sept. 17, '62; resigned Jan. 11, '63. John W. Riddle,
Sept. 12, '62; mustered out Sept. 7, '64. James A.
M'Fadden, .April i, '63; mustered out Se|)t. 7, '64. Wil-
liam W. Rirlin, Dec. 18, '64.
CJiaplain.—\W. R. Stockton, .Xpril 13, '62; resigned
Sept. 26, '62.
Sergeant A/aJors. — A. G, C. Calhoun, Aug. i, '61; pro-
moted from sergt. company E Jan. 8, '65; veteran.
Israel Gray, Aug. 23, '61; mustered out Sept. 7, '64.
David M'Clain, .\iig. i,'6i; promoted ist lieut. Company
K. Jan. I, '63. R. R. Lippencott, Sept. 4, '61; promoted
ist lieut. Company I Sept. 12, '63. William Lathrop,
Sept. 2, '61; promoted 2nd lieut. Company D Jan. 8, '65;
veteran. Jeremiah H. Mur])hy, Aug. 21, '61; killed at
Cedar creek, Va., Oct. 19, '64; veteran. John Caldwell,
Aug. 1, '61; promoted 2nd lieut. Company F April 19, '64;
veteran.
Quartermaster Sertreants. — Robert Dickson, Sept. 2,
62; jiromoted Q. M. sergeant, Dec. 22, '64; discharged
June 20, '65. Charles F. Kennedy, Aug. 2 i, '61 ; promoted
ist lieut. Company C Oct. i, '64; veteran. George K.
Lutz, Aug. 21, '61; promoted ist lieut. Company G Dec.
22, '64; veteran. William H. Rogers, Aug. i, '61; pro-
moted 1st lieut. Company F Nov. 27, '62.
Commissary Serf^eants. — John C. .'\rmor, .Aug 22, '61;
promoted from private Company A Sept 4, '64; veteran.
Jacob Sanders, Sept. 4, '61; mustered out Sept. 7, '64.
William Clowes, Sept. 9, .'61; promoted from private
Company E 63d Pa., March 31, '62; veteran. Woodman
Sniaple, Aug. i, '61; mustered out with regiment June 28,
'64; veteran. William R. Taylor, Sept. 4, '61; mustered
out Sept. 7, '64. Charles O. Little; Sept. 4, '61; muster-
ed out Sept. 7, '64.
c:0MP.\NV n.
Ojft:crs. — Captains — Butler Dilley; resigned .'\ug. 23,
"62. William W. Ellis; promoted from 1st lieut to capt.
July 23, '62; transferred to V. R. C. Jan. 2, '64. David
J. 'Paylor; promoted from 2nd to ist lieut. July 23. '62;
capt. Mar. 25, '64; killed at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. ig,
'64. Oliver A. Parsons; promoted from ist sergt. to 2nd
lieut. Apr. 19, '64; ist lieut. Oct. i, '64; capt. Nov. 30,
'64; major May 14, '65; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-
house May 12, '64; veteran. Sylvester D. Rhoads; pro-
moted from sergt. to 2nd lieut. Dec. i, '64; ist lieut. Jan.
6, '65; capt. June 3, '65; veteran. First lieutenants —
Smith D. Dean; promoted 2nd lieut. July 23, '62; ist
lieut. Apr. 19, '64; discharged Aug. 10, '64. Charles M.
Cyphers; promoted from ist sergt. to ist lieut. Dec. 15,
'64; caiit. Co. F. Jan. 6, '65; veteran. William Lathrop;
promoted sergt. major; 2nd lieut. Jan. 8. '65; ist lieut.
June 2, '65; veteran. Second lieutenant, Samuel C.
F'ell; promoted from ist sergt. to 2nd lieut. June 6, '65;
veteran. F"irst sergeants — Samuel Tintsman, Aug. i, '61;
promoted from sergt. to ist sergt. June 8, '65; veteran.
Preserved Taylor; not on muster out roll. Sergeants —
William D. Beels; veteran. William Coon; absent,
wounded, at muster out; veteran. Robert M. Thomp-
son, Aug. I, '61; promoted from corp. to sergt. Feb. 20,
'65; veteran. William S. Withers; promoted from corp.
to sergt. June 8, "65; veteran. Jacob Shafer; mustered
out Sept. 7, '64. Robert Marshall, Feb. 20, '62; mus-
tered out F"eb. 20, '65. Joseph R. Shultz; not on muster
out roll. William A. Swan; deserted. William Q. Cole;
died at Alexandria, Va., May 29, '64; grave 1,957; vet-
eran. Corporals — George W. Sayer and James M'Carty;
absent, wounded, at muster out; veterans. Daniel Schla-
hach; veteran. John Dowden, Aug. i, '61; veteran.
Elisha Gear, July 14, '63; drafted. John H. Benning,
Mar. 7, '64; veteran. John Wise, July 14, '63; drafted;
promoted corp. June 8, '65. Gasper Tarr, July 13, '63;
drafted; promoted corji. June 15, '65. Ezra A. Caswell;
mustered out Sept. 7, '64. Theodore A. Tucker; trans-
ferred to veteran reserve corps Jan. 6, '65; veteran.
George A. Cassiday, Aug. 1, '61; transferred to veteran
reserve corps Dec. 30, '64; veteran. William H. Ronn-
tree; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, '62; discharged
on surg's certificate. Charles H. F^lliott, Joseph C. Dale,
J. Josiah M'Dermot and George W. F'ell; not on muster
out roll. Musicians — Frank H. Leas, Jan. 22, '64; vet-
=*=^ ^
COMI'ANV I). SIX r\ l-IKST KF.C.IMRNT.
'37
i-
eran. Robert Y. Thoniiison, Aug. i, '6i; veteran.
Michael Loban. John Cllancy; not on muster out roll.
Privates. — Joseph Alkins and Asher M. .Abbott, not on
muster out roll. Casey Atherton; killed at Chancel-
lorsville May 3, '63. Job IJriggs, veteran. James Hurk,
veteran. Weston Bown, Mih. i, '64; missing at .Spott-
sylvania Court-house .May 18, '64. Josiah Henon, Feb.
27, '64; absent, wounded, at muster out. Samuel liogard,
July 10, '63; drafted; absent, on detached duty, on mus-
ter out. tieorge S. Brown, July 16, '63; drafted. John
Burke, Feb. 29, '64; discharged on surg"s certificate Oct.
24, '64. John Boyd, Mch. i, "62; mustered out Mar. i,
'65. Joseph W. Burtz. July 11, '63; drafted; discharged
on siKg's certificate Dec. 29, '64. George P. Barnes;
promoted sergt. Company F Nov. i, '64; veteran. William
Brooks, Isaac Baker, Patrick Banet, (leorge W. Brisbing
and Frank Blacknian, not on muster out roll. Samuel
Cooper, Mar. 5, '64. John B. Cordell, Aug. i, '61; vet-
eran. Thomas Charles, Aug. i, '61; absent, sick, at mus-
ter out; veteran. David C. Connor, Se|)t. 4, '61 ; mus-
tered out Sept. 7, '64. Thomas R. Connor, Sept. 4, '61;
absent, sick, at expiration of term. Emanuel Delay,
Feb. 27, '64; absent, sick, at muster out. David W. Dale,
Sept. 4, '61; mustered out Sept. 7, '64. Cieorge W. Daw-
son, July 23, '63; substitute; transferred to veteran reserve
corps Dec. 30, '64. Charles Danchart, Aug. 16, '63; substi-
tute; deserted Nov. i, '64. William H. Daniels, Samuel
Dol])h. Charles W. Dale, Toney Dorman and James W.
Diiley; not on muster-out roll. Henry Ellis, July 13, '63;
drafted; absent, wounded, at muster out. Thomas C. Ellis;
killed at S[)ottsylvania Court-house May it, '64; veteran.
William G. Elson; died September 23, '62. Eevi Ekis;
died Sept. 4, '64. Robert F. Fisher, July 14, '63; draft-
ed. William F. Fairchilds, Sept. 4, '61; mustered out
Sept. 7, '64. C. \V. Fulkerson; died May i6, '65, at
Fredericksburg, Va.. of wounds received in action; vet-
eran. John I.. Fairchilds; not on muster-out roll. J.
Furguson; died July 11, '64. Dwight Gear, Feb. 29, '64;
discharged May 13, '65. Joseph (ierard, July 15, '63;
drafted; died at Alexandria, Va., July i , '64. Alfred
Groff; not on muster-out roll. H. Gump; died June 9,
'64. Marshall Gray; killed at Wilderness. John Howe;
absent, wounded, at muster out; veteran. William Ham-
ilton, Feb. 9, '64. John Hall; veteran. Benjamin Hun-
ker, July 17, '63; substitute. Frederick Hagle, Feb. 24,
'64. Henry C. Hazel, Sept. 12, '64. James Higgs, Sept.
4, '61; mustered out Sept. 7, '64. David Hunter, (^ct.
31, '61; mustered out Oct. 30, '64. Philip Honeywell,
Sept. 20, '64; substitute; discharged June, '65. William
Hinkle, Mar. 4, '64; discharged on surg's certificate
May 15, '65. Chester B. Hawk and Jeremiah Hotch-
kiss; not on muster-out roll. Winfield Hour; died
Dec. 23, '62. John W. Hay; died Aug. 7, '64.
Levi Huff and Frank Hood; not on muster out roll.
Jonah J. Jones, Mar. ir, '65; discharged June 24, '65.
James Kno.x, Feb. 27, 64; missing at Wilderness May 6,
'64. John Kumph, Oct. 30, '61; mustered out Oct 30,
'64. James Lambaugh, Aug. i, '61; absent, sick, at mus-
ter out; veteran. John Leap, July 13, "63; drafted.
Joseph Lenhart, July 13, '63; drafted. Votley Lan-
liam, July 13, '63: drafted; absent, sick, at muster out.
William Lip])encott; transferred to Company .\; veteran.
John S. Laban; not on muster out roll. Uriah D. Minick,
.Mar. 7, '64. Judson W. Myers: veteran. Thomas Mor-
rison, Aug. I, '61; veteran. Thomas Maher, July 13, '63;
drafted. Richard V. Morris, Feb. 28, '64; discharged on
surg's certificate May 9, '65; William Myers, Sejit. 12,
'64; discharged June 20, '65. Samuel .\. Morton, Sept.
29, '64; drafted; discharged June 20, '65. Charles Mar-
tin, July 15, '63; drafted; died at Port Royal, Va , May
24, "64. of wounds received in action. .-Mjram J. Mining,
IS
Ira Morton, James ,'\. Mayars and Hiram Moore; not
on muster out roll. J. .Munis; died Mar. 19, '62. John
B. M'Nabb, July 25, '63; drafted. John MXihen, July
-5. '63; drafted. Rufus M'Guire, Sept. 4, Vm ; wounded
at Chancellorsville May 3, '63; absent at e.xjiiration of
term. James M'Knight, Roderick M'Farland and Louis
.\ .M'DermoI; not on muster out roll. |ohn Nickerson,
July 14, '63: drafted. William Niharl, Sept. 13, '64;
discharged June 20, '65. Oliver C. Newberry, Sept. 29,
'64; drafted; discharged June 20, '65. Joseph Nevvs-
bigle; not on muster out roll. John Orr, Oct. 31, '61;
missing at Wilderness May 6, '64. Thomas O'Brien,
Jan. I, '61; discharged June 3, '65; veteran.
.Alexander Piiterbaugh; veteran. William Peach,
I'eb. 18, '64; veteran. Ross Partridge, July 10,
'63; drafted. Oliver C. Penberry, Sept. 29, '64;
drafted; discharged June 20. '65. Willi,am H. Phillips,
.M ir. 27, "64: promoted to sergt. Company F Nov. i,'64;
veteran. John Pembridge. Obed IVters and John Piper,
not on muster out roll. George S. Phillips, July 30, '63;
drafted; disch.irged on surg"s certificate NLiy 15, '65.
Thomas W. Robinson, Jan. 4, '64; discharged June 23,
'65. Luther Ruger, Sept. 4, '61 ; transferred to veteran
reserve corps Feb. 29, '64. Frederick N. Shafer, Mar. 5,
'64; wounded in action; discharged Aug. 7, "65. Lewis
Shodden, Feb. 29, '64. John Sweeny, veteran. Bazil
Sweringer, July 10, '63; drafted. Jacob Sylvis, July 21,
'63; drafted; absent, sick, at muster out. Robert Sadler,
July 21, '63; drafted. Samuel Shuler, Feb. 24, '64;
absent, wounded, at muster out. Nathan Shafer, Sept. 4,
"61; mustered out Se|it. 7, '64. Jesse Sheiber, Sept. 4,
'61; wounded at Chancellorsville May 3. '63; absent at
expiration of term. Jonathan Schlabach, Sept 4, '61;
mustered out Sept. 7, '64. Joseph R. Shultz, Mar. 8, '64;
discharged on surg's certificate May 15, '65; veteran.
John D. Smith, Sept. 29, '64; drafted; discharged June
20, '65. Samuel Shafer, Feb. 20, '64; transferred to vet-
eran reserve corps Jan 17, '65. William Swan, deserted
Aug. 12.64; veteran. Theodore L. Stout. George Stroh,
Jacob Shafer, Chester B. Stiver, Frederick Seiple, Jacob
Sanders, Thomas A. Sanfield and Vincent L Sayre, not
on muster out roll. Joseph Tucker, Feb. 24, '64. Wil-
liam Trickier, Feb. 29, '64. William F. Tribble, Sept. 4,
'61; mustered out Sept. 7; '64. Nathan Turner, Sept. 13,
'62; discharged June 10, '65. Levi Thorp, Oct. 31, '61;
died at Camp Sumter, Ga., Aug. 31, '65. Thomas O.
Tucker, Mar. 7, '64; died at Alexandria, Va., May 28,
'64; veteran. Wesley Vangarkin. Mar. 1, '62; discharged
on surg's certificate Dec. 29, '64. James Vettenberg,
Feb. 29, '64; di<;d at Philadelphia April 22, '64. Joseph
Vaughn, July 13, '63; died at Fredericksburg May 26,
'64. o( wounds received in action. John Wil.son, veteran.
John Willard, Mar. 7, '64; veteran. John Worrell, July
14, '63; drafted. John Wilev, Sept. 4,- '61; wounded at
Spottsylvania Court-house, Va.. May 12, '64; absent at ex-
piration of term. George E. Waring, Crandall A. WW-
cox, Thom?.s Williams, John Wilbert and William H.
Ward, not on muster out roll. Charles Zaun, veteran.
SIXTY-FOURTH
REGIMENT (FOURTH CAV
ALRY .
This regiment was recruited in the autumn of 1861.
Luzerne county was represented in the organization by
t'ompany M. During the winter of 1861-2 it was at
Washington, perfecting itself in drill and discipline.
It experienced some dilliculty in procuring horses, but
finally succeeded by resorting to sharp pr.ictice on the
government. In May. 1862, the regiment joined General
*°^ ?♦
^-
f
138
HISTORY OK LUZERNE COUNTY,
McDowell's column on the Rappahannock, and entered
on picket and scout duty. Through the Peninsula cam-
paign it was engaged in the duties which at that period of
the war were assigned to cavalry. It was with the army
of McClellan in the Maryland campaign of 1862, and was
engaged at the battle of Antietam.
The regiment was with General Pleasanton in his pur-
suit of Stuart, and with the army of Burnside in the
Fredericksburg campaign, and guarded the fords of the
Rappahannock above the town during the battle.
After the accession of General Hooker to thecouimand
of the army the cavalry arm of the service assumed an
importance it had not before possessed. Two squadrons
of the 4th were engaged in the action at Kelly's Kord.
In the Chancellorsville campaign the cavalry did effective
service in skirmishing. The 4th did some light skirmish-
ing at the battle of Brandy Station. It was frequently
engaged and did good service in the Gettysburg cam-
paign, and was active in the pursuit of the enemy's re-
treating columns. On the 12th ofOctober, 1863, the 4th
was engaged in a severe fight near Jeffersonville, Va., in
which it lost in killed, wounded and i)risoners about 200
men. The prisoners were taken to Richmond, and thence
to Andersonville, where a large portion of them died. At
Bristoe and near Beverly Ford it was engaged in skir-
mishes.
During the winter of 1863-4 the regiment was engaged
in picket and guard duty along the line of the Orange &
Alexandria Railroad, and during four months suffered no
casualties.
Two-thirds of the men re-enlisted and had a veteran
furlough, and about the same time many recruits were
received. The campaign of 1864 opened before the re-
turn of the veterans, and daring the Wilderness battles
the regiment was used as a support to other troops.
During the raid of Sheridan the 4th was frequently
engaged in skirmishing, and in a battle within the outer
defenses of Richmond was under fire some four hours.
.\t Hawes's Shop it was engaged in a severe battle, and at
Trevillian Station the regiment covered itself with glory.
From White House to the James the army trains were
guarded by a force of which the 4th constituted a part
.\t St. Mary's Church an engagement took place with a
su|)erior force, in which, though the cavalry checked the
enemy and covered the retreat, it suffered severely. The
4th regiment lost eighty-seven in killed, wounded and
missing. The remainder of the summer of 1864 the 4th
was engaged in marching, skirmishing and picket duty.
During the siege of Petersburg the regiment was in
active service, supporting infantry movements and ad-
vancing and extending lines. At Boydton Plank Road
and at Hatcher's Run it was warmly engaged and did
excellent service. It was also in the second raid on the
Weldon railroad, where it had twelve men wounded.
On its return from this raid it went into winter (juarters.
In the iirief but brilliant final campaign the 4th with
the other cavalry was constantly active; and even on the
morning of the surrender, with its division, it wac about
to capture a body of cavalry which it had cut off when
the surrender of Lee's forces arrested hostilities, .'\fter
the surrender it went to Petersburg, thence to North
Carolina, returned to Petersburg and went thence to
Lynchburg, where on the 1st of July, 1865, it was
mustered out. In the following lists every man who is
not mentioned as having in some manner fallen out by
the way is supposed to have been mustered out on that
day. The dates of muster-in immediately follow the
names.
FIELD .\ND Sr.AFF OFFICERS.
Colonels. — David Campbell, Oct. 18, '61; transferred to
the 5th Pa. cavalry March 12, '62. Jau.es H. Childs,
Oct. 18, '6i; promoted from lieut. col. March 12, '62;
killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. James K. Kerr, Oct.
18, '61; promoted from maj. to lieut. col. March 12, '62;
col., Sept. 18, '62; resigned May 17, '63. George H.
Covode, Sept. 30, '61; promoted from capt. Company D
to maj. Mar. 12, '62; lieut. col Dec. 8, '63; col. May 28,
'64; killed at St. Mary's Church, Va., June 24, '64. Sam-
uel B. M. Young, Sept. 6 '61; promoted from capt. Com-
pany B to maj. Sept. 20, '62; lieut. col. Oct. i, '64; col.
Dec. 29, '64; brevet brig. gen. Apr. 9, '65.
Lieutenant Colonels. — William E. Doster, Oct. 18, '61;
promoted from maj. Oct. 30, '62; brevet brig. gen. March
13, '65; resigned Oct. 18, '63. Alexander P. Duncan,
Nov. I, '61; promoted from capt. Company L to maj.
May I, '64; lieut. col. Dec. 29, '64; brevet col. March 13,
'65-
Majors. — James T. Trembell, Nov. i, '61; resigned
Aug. 12, '62. William M. Biddle, Oct. 30, '61; promoted
from adj. Aug. 14, '62; mustered oat Oct. 29, '64. Wil-
liam B. Mays, Sept. 6, '61; promoted from capt. Company
L December 13, '64; killed at Farmville, Va., April 7, '65.
Robert J. Phipps, Feb. 8, '63; promoted from capt. Com-
pany H March 7, '65; brevet lieut. col. March 13, '65;
resigned May 17, '65. James T. Peale, March i, '62;
promoted from capt. Company D to maj. Sept. 9, 64;
brevet lieut. col. March 13, '65. Napoleon J. Hbrreil,
Nov. 4, '61; promoted from capt. Company G June 8, '65;
Adjutants. — Arnold A. Plunimer, Nov. 18, '61; dis-
charged by special order. Robert L. Coltart, Dec. 18,
'61; promoted from ist lieut. Company I to adj. Dec. 28,
'61; capt. Company I Dec. 20, '62. Charles E. Robison,
Dec. 31, '61; discharged by special order. John B.
Maitland, Oct. 9, '61; promoted from 2nd lieut. Company
L to adj. Oct. 17, '62; ass't adj. gen. .-Vug. 6, '64. James
E. B. Dalzell, Sept. i, '64; promoted from sergt. maj.
Sept. I, '64; discharged Oct. 29, '64, for wounds received
at St. Mary's Church, Va., June 24, '64. Clement En-
gelman, March i, '62; promoted brevet capt. March 13,
'65; died May 12, '65, of wounds received at Dinwiddie
Court-house March 31, '65; veteran. Jerome M'Bride,
Aug. 24, '61 ; promoted from private Company B; wounded
at Kelly's Ford, Va., March 17, '63; transferred to veteran
reserve corps William B. M'Elroy, Feb. 25, '64; pro-
moted to sergt. maj. June 14, '65; veteran.
Qiiarte) misters. — .Xbraham Edwards, Oct. 18, '61; re-
signed Aug. 3, '62, to accept promotion of capt. and asst.
Q. M. U. S. A. Henry S. King, Oct. i8, '6r; mustered
out Oct. 29, '64. Lewis Young, Feb. 19, '65.
SiiKf^eons. — Nathaniel F. Marsh, Oct. 7, '61; resigned
Dec. 6, '62. John C. Lyons, Dec. 20, '62; transferred to
56th Pa. Jan. 18, '63; discharged on surg's certificate
Dec. 21, '64. John M. Junkin, Nov. 15, '62; resigned
Feb. 3, '65. W'illiam B. Price, Mar. 20, '63; jjromoted
from ass't surg. Feb. 15, '65.
Assistant Si/rf^eons. — Peter Wager, Oct. 16, '61; trans-
ferred to 5th Pj. cavalry Mnr. 20, '62. James M. Mor-
COMPANY M, SIXTV-l-OUKTII RP:GIMENT,
- /1r\ »
'39
rison, AiiR. i, "62; transferred to 48th Pa. Nov. 29, '62.
Charles King, Dec. 31, '61; resigned Nov. 25, '62. Frank
A. Biishley, Dec. 15, '62; resigned Nov. 6. '63. James
S. Skeels, Mar. 25, '65. John A. M'Coy, Sept. i, '64;
promoted from private Company K to Hospital Steward
Nov. I, '64; ass't surg. April 14, '65.
Chaplains. — James B. Turner, Oct. 10, '61; resigned
Mar. 13, '63. Henry (^. Oraham, Nov. 22, '63; re-
signed Sept. 22, '64.
Vfterinaiy Siii!^ton. — James A. \'anhorn, Feb. 12,64;
promoted from private Company 15 Nov. 10, '64; veteran.
Sergeant Majors. — Melvin A. Johnston, Aug. 21, '64;
l)romoted from private Company I June 15, '65. Wil-
liam H. Wonderly, Oct. 14, '61: promoted to 2nd lieut.
Company K 5th Pa. cavalry Mar. 29, '62. A. Benson
White, promoted to ist licut. Com(iany V Dec. 31, '62.
Qitaytcrmasler Sergeants. — Richard \\'hitjker, Jan. i,
'64; promoted 2nd lieut. Company G Dec. 13, '64;
veteran. Gordon M. Hacon, Jan. i, '64; promoted from
private Company G Jan. i, '65; veteran.
Commissary Sergeant. — W. H. Collingwood, Sept. 7,
'62; wounded in action; discharged July 7, '65.
Hospital Stewards. — John Fulton, Oct. 1, '6 i ; mustered
out Oct. I, '64. Joseph M'lMullen, Mar. i, '63; pro-
moted from private Coni])any L Jan. i, '65. Eli Carner,
Jan. 1, '64; promoted from private Company L May
1, '65.
Armorer. — Jesse M. Jones, Mar. 31, '64; jsromoted
armorer Feb. 16, "65.
CItie/ Buglers. — Francis Kopft, Aug. 15, '61; mustered
out Aug. 20, '64. Theodore Duering, Jan. i, '64; pro-
moted from bugler Company E Aug. 16, '64; veteran.
Sai/i/lers. — Thomas J. Robinson, Jan. i, '64; pro-
moted 2nd lieut. Company H May i, '64; veteran.
Charles Kirkner, Sept. 12, '61; mustered out Sept. 12,
'64. Thomas A. Parker, May 13, '6:^; promoted from
private Company L Jan. i, '65.
COMIWNV M.
Officers. — Captains — Alfred Dart, Oct. 30, '61; re-
signed Dec. 4, '62. Alfred Dart, jr., Oct. 30, '61 ; pro-
moted from 2nd lieut. Mch. i, '63; discharged Sept. 19,
'64. John ('. Harper, Sept. 6, '6i; promoted from ist
lieut. Company B to capt. Dec. 13, '64; to brevet maj.
Mch. 13, '65; killed at Hatcher's Run, Va., Feb. 6, '65.
Samuel N. King, Nov. 15, '64; promoted ist lieut. Jan.
8, '65; capt. Mar. 7, '65. ist lieuts. — Henry S. King,
Oct. 18, '61; promoted Q. M. Aug. 18, '62. Duncan C.
Phillips, Sept. 9, '62; promoted capt. Company F Nov.
21, '63. \Villiam R. Herring, Oct. 30, '61; promoted
from istsergt. to 2nd lieut. Mar. i, '63; to ist. lieut. May
20, '64; discharged Sept. 3, '64. Charles M. Nugent, Jan.
I, '64; promoted from ist sergt. Company L to ist lieut.
Mar. 9, '65; brevet capt. Mar. 13, '65; killed in action
Mar. 31, '65; veteran. Peter M. Burke, Jan. i, '64; pro-
moted from sergt. to 2nd lieut. Mar. 9, '65; ist lieut.
June 3, '65. ist sergt. James Flanegan, Jan. 4, '64; ab-
sent, wounded, at muster out; veteran. Q. M. sergt., John
Poorman, Jan. 4, '64; promoted from private Mar. i, '65;
veteran. Com. sergt., Manger Dart, Jan. 4, '64; pro-
moted from private Mar. i, '61;; veteran. Sergeants —
George .\. Thompson, Jan. 4, '64; absent, wounded, at
muster out; veteran. James R. Wright, Feb. 26, '64; pro-
moted sergt. Mar. i, '65; veteran. Martin Gering, Jan. 4,
'64; promoted sergt. .\lar. i, "65; veteran. Frederick L.
Goch(^, Jan. 4, '64; promoted sergt. Mar. i, '65; veteran.
Josiah Vandermark, Mar. 23, '64; promoted sergt. Mar.
I, '65; veteran. Michael Heeky, Oct. 13, '61; captured;
died at Andersonville, Ga., May 25, '64. Charles H.
Sherwood, Oct. 30, '61; captured; died at Andersonville,
Ga., June 7, '64. John H. Mary, Oct. 30, '61; mustered
out Nov. II, '64. George W. Conrad, Oct. 31, '61; pris-
oner from Oct. 12, '63, to Nov. 21, '64; discharged Feb.
II, '65, to date Nov. 25, "64. Corporals— John W. Lake,
Jan. I, '64; promoted to corp. Mar. i,'65; veteran. Law-
ris J. Adams, Jan. i, '64; promoted to corp. Mar. i, '65;
veteran. James C. Jenkins, Fel). 6, '65; promoted corp.
Mar. I, '65. Thomas Householder, Feb. 6, '65: promot-
ed corp. Mar. i, '65. David Ulmer, Mar. 28, '64; pro-
moted rorp. Mar. i, '65; absent, wounded, at muster out.
David H. Lynch, Aug. 25, '64; promoted corp. Mar. i,
'65. Michael B. Conrad, Jan. 4, '64; promoted corp.
Nfar. I, '65; veteran. John Black, jr., Jan. 23, '65; pro-
moted corp. Mar. i, '65. James Barton, Oct. 30, '61;
captureil; died at Andersonville, Ga., .Aug. 1, "64. Eli-
sha Guard, Oct. 12, '61; captured; died at Andersonville.
Ga., Aug. 17, '64. Frederick Burge, bugler, Jan. 4, '64;
veteran. Thomas Kelly, blacksmith, Jan. 4, '64; veteran.
Charles O. Ellis, farrier, Jan. 4, '64; absent, wounded, at
muster out; veteran. (Jeorge R. Tavlor, saddler. May 1
•64.
Privates. — Joseph Anderson, Jan. 2, '65. Charles
Bobbs, Jan. 3, "65. Joseph Bronitte, Feb. 3, '65. John
Burner, Feb. 7, '65. George Behers, Feb. 21, '65. John
Braddock, Feb. 7, '65; discharged July 8, "65. Curtis
Brown, Feb. 7, "65. Frederick Beebe, Sept. 17, '64.
Gotlieb Beck, Jan. 24, '65; discharged May 26, '65.
Loderick H. Conrad, Jan. 4, '64; veteran. ^L^rshal C.
Conroe, Jan. 4, '64; veteran. John Connoly, Feb. 3, '65.
Martin G. Clever, Feb. 10, '65. Charles Crosby, Feb. 17,
'65. Edgar F. Crainar, Oct. 13, 61; captured; died at
Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 9, '64. Harrison Davis. Feb. 2,
'65. Craddock Davis, Feb. 3, '65. Samuel NL Dowden,
Feb. I, '65. Jacob Dresel, May 28, '64. Lewis Dering,
Mar. 28, '64; discharged NLay 25, '65. Ezra Dickerson,
April 5, '64; wounded in action; discharged May 24, '65.
John Donaldson, Feb. 8, '65. Clark R. Dart, Oil. 13,
'61; captured; died at .Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 28, '64.
Ferdinand Enimert, Feb. 17, '65. W. A. Eichelberger.
F'eb. 7, '65. Frederick Ertzman, Se|)t. 18, '64; died Jan.
20. '65, of wounds received in action. John Foster, |an.
31, '64; absent, without leave, at muster out. Alexan-
der Felton, Aug. 19, '62. Patrick Fo.\, Jan. 4, '64; veteran.
Conrad Fisher, May 28, '64; missing in action, June 24,
'64. Robert Fitzpatrick, Feb. 7, '65. Antone Funiaock,
Feb. 4, '65. Henry Farror, F"eb. 7, '65. Daniel Ciuard,
Jan. 4, '64; veteran. Frederick Gable. Mar. 3, '64. |ohn
Graham, Feb. 3, '65. Peter (iillen, Feb. 3, '65. James
Green, Feb. 7, '65. Jacob Green, Feb. 7, '65. John NL
Hutchinson, Feb. 3, "65. Peter Hughes, Feb. 3, '65.
Barney Hagaii, Jan. 2, '62. S. Haughtaling, Oct. 18. '64.
Robert D. Hays', Feb. 7, '65. Calvin Halfhill, Feb. 9, '65.
Casi)er Harrison, Feb. 3, '65. Elias J. Harding, Oct. 30,
'64; mustered out Nov. 3, '64. James Hagan, Mar. 9,
'64; discharged May 30, '65. William Jones, Jan. 4, "64;
veteran. John Jones, Feb. 17, '65. Thomas L. John-
son, Feb. 7, '65; not on muster out roll. William Kain,
Feb. 17, '65. Charles NL Little, Feb. 8, '65. David
Ma.\on, Mar. 30, '64. John Martin, Oct. 30, '61; de-
serted May 8, '62; returned May 10, '64. Terrence Mur-
ray, Feb. 7, '65. James Meirs, Apr. 11, '64; died.
Charles Maxon, Jan. 4, '64; missing in action at Saint
Mary's Church, \'a., June 24, '64; veteran. Edward J.
Morse. Mar. 30, "64; discharged May 9, "65. .Albert F.
Miles, Oct. 30, '61; mustered out Oct. 30, '64. (ieorge
NFMurray, heb. 3, '65. Thomas M'Garvey, Oct. 30, '61;
died at Hilton Head, S. C, Nov. 18, '64. Dominick
O'Connor, ALay 3, '64. James Oxley, Feb. 3, '65. George
Potter, Jan. 4, '64; arrested by civil authority Mar., '64;
veteran. George Patient, .May 31, '64. James Patter
son, Jan. 25, '65. Francis Patterson, Feb. 3, '65.
= ■ di i
*#=•=
14°
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
George Phillips, Jan. 4, '64; died at Harrisburg. Pa., May
4, '64; veteran. John G. Saupple, Jan. 24, '65. Joseph
P. Sheppard, Feb. 6, '65. Thomas Smith, Feb. 5, '65.
John S. Smith, Feb. 6, '65. William Sherwin, Feb. 8, '65.
David R. Stouffer. Apr. 15, '64. Elisha M. Taylor, Feb.
3. '65. John C. Ulmer, Mar. 31, '64. William A. Vaden,
Feb. 6, '65. Silas Vandermark, Mar. 30, '64; captured;
died at Salisburv, N. C, Nov. 2, '64. John L. White,
Jan. 4, '64. William W. Warner, Nov. 28, '64. Jacob
Walters, Jan. 24, '65. Jacob Withner, Feb. 4, '65. Ben-
jamin Winnans, Feb. 7,"'65. George Wilson, Feb. 17, ^65.
Benjamin Wilson and Joseph Wisemantle, Feb. 2, '65.
William G. Winn, Feb. 15, '65.
CHAPTER XXIII.
LUZERNE IN THE CIVIL W.AR THE SEVENTY-FOURTH,
SEVENTY-SIXTH .^ND SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENTS.
E 74th was recruited in the summer of 1S61,
mostly in Pittsburg, though Company A was
S^jlJ in part from Wyoming county. It went iq
Washington in September and soon afterward
to Virginia, where it went into winter quarters at
Hunter's Chapel. The winter was spent in drill
and fatigue duty, and on the opening of the cam-
paign in 1862 the regiment was sent to General Fremont's
command in West Virginia. Its march thither was
attended with great fatigue and much suffering. After
two weeks spent in picket and fatigue duty, with insuffi-
cient subsistence, it went on a hurried march to Stras-
burg, where it joined in the pursuit of Stonewall Jackson.
At Cross Keys it was engaged, losing 6 killed and 13
wounded. The regiment arrived at Cedar Mountain too
late to participate in the battle. Thence with the army
it fell back toward Manassas; in the course of which
movement the 74th came upon the rear of a column of
the enemy, attacked it and checked its advance.
At the battle of Groveton or second Bull Run it was
engaged during the two days of the fight and lost 17.
Thence it went to Washington. It was engaged in the
battle of Chancellorsville, where it lost 61 men. It was
again engaged at Gettysburg, where its total loss was 136.
In August it was sent with its division to the islands
on the Soutli Carolina coast, where it frequently went on
e.xpeditions and encountered the enemy. It returned to
Washington in 1864. During the remainder of its term
of service it was engaged in guard and picket duty in
various localities. It was mustered out of the service at
Clarksbury on the 29th of August, 1865.
Following is the roll of Company A. The date of
muster-in follows each man's name, and the date of
muster-out is August 29th, 1865, where nothing appears
to the contrary.
COMPANY A.
Officers. — Captains — Samuel J. Pealer, March 13, '65;
discharged May 8, '65. John W. Beishline, March 13,
'65; promoted from ist lieut. to capt. July i, '65. First
lieutenant, John F. Miller, March 13, '65; promoted
from 2nd to ist lieut. July i, '65. Second lieutenant,
John Beikler, Sept. 6, '61; jjromoted from sergt. Com-
K to 2nd lieut. July 2, '65. First sergeant, William
Saunders, March 4, '65. Sergeants — Charles B. Fisher,
March 4, '65. Isaiah Hagenbach, Hiram W. Brown and
Robert C. Parks, Feb. 21, '65. Corporals — Frederick M.
Staley and Albert Serrils, Feb. 17, '65. Walter Moulton,
Feb. 7, '65. John Lennon, Feb. 17, '65; Francis W.
Jones, Feb. 25, '65. Severn B. Palmer, March i, '65.
Nelson Williams and William Peck, Feb. 7, '65. Musi-
cians — Samuel B. Anderson, March 4, '65. Charles W.
Wood. March 10, '65.
Privales. — William Abbott, March 10, '65; discharged
by general order. May 12, '65. David Beers, March 4,
'65. Alexander R. Blakely, Comfort E. Butters, Samuel
W. Boone, A. G. Burlingame, A. J. Buckalew, Jonas M.
Bower and Frank Brittain, March i, '65; Charles Brines,
William S. Betz and Charles Baker, March 4, '65.
Benjamin F. Bean, Feb. 16, '65; discharged by gen-
eral order May 24, '65. James M. Brown, Mar.
10, '65 ; died at Beverly, West Va., May 14, '65.
Philip Cain, Feb. 9, '65. Michael Bain, Feb. 16,
'65. James B. Case, March 4, '65. Clark Creveling.
John Caden, William D. Campbell, Nathan Chronias,
Peter Eveland and Hervey Emory, Mar. 10, '65. Lloyd
Fo.x, Feb. 2, '65. Martin Finley and Miles B. Fowler,
Mar. 4, '65. George P'ox, Mar. 10, '65. William Howe,
and James Herron, Feb. 16, '65. George F. Hufnayle,
Feb. 9, '65. David Hartman, Abram Hill, Francis S.
Henrie, Alexander B. Herring, Mahlon B. Hicks and
Patrick HoUigan, Mar. 10, '65; discharged by general
order May 29, '65. John C. James and E. A. Kelechner,
Mar. 4, '65. William Kisbauch and John C. Kline, Mar,
10, '65. John Lantz, Mar. 4, '65. Joseph May and
Israel Mummey, Feb. 21, '65. Cyrus B. Miller, Joseph
B. Miller and Moses Markle, Mar. 4, '65. Jacob F. Mel-
lon and Nathan E. Miller, Feb, 16, ,65; discharged by
general order May 22, '65. Hervey M'Neal, Arthur
Oliver and Henry F. O'Man, Mar. 4, '65. Wesley R.
Price and Stephen Pohe, Mar. 10, '65. Peter Rusty and
Emanuel Ruckey, Mar. 4, '65. Abram V. Robins, Feb.
9, '65. William W. Robins, Feb. 27, '65; discharged by
general order May 24, '65. William A. Shipman and
James Shultz, Feb. 21, '65. George P. Stiner, John W.
Stahl and Winfield S. Shaffer, Mar. 10, '65. Alonzo J.
Suit and Wilson Swank, Feb. 9, '65. James M. Thomj)-
son and George W. Titus, Mar. 4, '65. George Tronsur,
Mar. lo, '65. Charles W. Trump, Mar. 4, '65. John
Williams. Feb, 16, '65. Willoughby Wertman, Mar. 4,
'65. Montgomery Williams, Mar. 10, '65; discharged by
general order May 24, '65. George Zimmerman, Mar. 10,
'65-
SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT.
The name which this regiment assumed was the Key-
stone Zouaves. The regiment was recruited in the latter
part of the sumlner of 1861, afid left for Fortress Mon-
roe on the 19th of November of that year. After a week
it sailed for Hilton Head, S. C, where it remained till
the last of May, 1862. During this time eight companies
went to assist in taking Fort Pulaski, at the mouth of
Savannah river, but they were not engaged. From Hil-
ton Head it went to North Edisto island; thence to St.
John's island, and from thence toward Charleston, and
it was engaged in the attack on that city June i6tli,
1862.
*m=>=
4*
MOVEMENTS OF THE SEVENTY-SIX I H RKCIMKNT— ITS OFFICERS.
1.(1
In October the 76tli, with other troops, went on an ex-
licdilion to sever the communication between Savannah
and Charleston. After an engagement, in which they
were defeated, the troops returned to Hilton Head. The
regiment did picket duty on tiie islands off the coast till
July, 1863, when it went to Morris island to attack Fort
Wagner. The attack was made on the iith, but was re-
pulsed. In this action the 76th lost 53 killed and 184
wounded. On the 18th another charge was made, in
which the regiment lost 17 killed and wounded. It re-
turned to Hilton Head, where it remained si.\ months,
doing guard, picket and scout duty.
In May, 1864, with other troojjs, the 76th went to
Virginia and became part of the Army of the James.
On the 5th of thnt month it embarked on transports,
sailed down the York river from Yorktown, up the
James river, landed at Bermuda Hundred, movctl to the
Weldon railroad and destroyed several miles of the track.
This was done under fire, and the 76th lost in killed,
wounded and missing 65 men. Fighting continued at
intervals during several days. The regiment was sent
to Cold Harbor in the latter part of May, and took part
in the fighting there the ist, 2nd, and 3d of June,
losing very heavily. It returned and went on a recon-
noisance to the Richmond and Petersburg railroad; then
went to Petersburg, where it did duty during the siege
with frequent casualties. It was engaged occasionally
from the 14th to the 17th of August at Deep Bottom,
and at Bermuda Hundred on the 24th and 25th.
For some time subsequent to this the regiment was
frequently engaged in fighting and skirmishing. It was
in action at Chapin's Farm, at Fort Clilmer, and F'ort
Harrison. In October it went on a reconnoisance and
was engaged in a skirmish, with a loss of i killed and 12
wounded. The 76th was in the battle at the taking of
Fort Fisher in January, 1865, by General Terry, and
from there went to Wilmington, N. C; and finally to
Raleigh, where it did jjrovost duty till July iSth, when
it was mustered out.
Company H of the 76th was recruited in I.u/erne
county. The men were mustered in at the dates annexed
to their names in the following lists, and when not other-
wise noted were mustered out July iSth, 1865.
FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS.
Colonels. — John M. Power, Aug. 10, "61; resigned .Xug.
7, '62. D. C. Strawbridge, Sept. 24, '61; promoted from
capt. Company B to col. Aug. 9, '62; resigned Nov. 20,
"63. John C. Campbell, Oct. i, '61: promoted from capt.
Company A to lieut. col. Dec. 11, '62; col. Feb. 13, '64;
resigned Aug. 16, '64. John S. Littell, Nov. 18, "61;
promoted from capt. Company K to lieut. col. Aug. 21,
'64; col. Oct. 29, '64; brev. brig. gen. Jan. 15, '65; wounded
at Fort F'isher, N. C, Jan. 15, '65.
Lieutenant Colonels. — Daniel H. Wallace, -Aug. 28, '61;
resigned Aug. 10, '62. John W. Hicks, Oct. 17, '61;
promoted from capt. Company C to mnj. May i, '63; lieut.
col. F"eb. 13. '64 ; brev. col. ^Iar. 13, '65; wounded at Fort
Fisher, S. C, July 11, '63; mustered out June 1, '64;
Charles Knerr, Oct. 26, '61; promoted from capt. Com-
pany H to maj. Jan. 1, '65; lieut. col. June i, '65.
Mixjors. — Oliver M. Irvine, Nov. 18, '61; resigned
Sept. 27, '62. Cyrus Diller, Oct. 16, ■61; promoted from
capt. Company D to maj. Nov. 7, '62; resigned Feb. iS,
'63. William S. Diller, Oct, 16, '61; promoted from capt.
company I) to maj. June 12, '64: mustered out No\
29, '64.
Aiijiilaitts. — William W. Darlington, Nov. 13, "61; re-
signed May 20, '62. Andrew J. Marshall, Sept. 24, '61:
promoted from 2nd lieut. Company B Sept. 23, '62; died
at Pittsburg, Pa., Aug. 6, '64. Adam C. Reinfchl, Sept.
24, '61; ])ronioted from com. sergt. to scrgt. maj. |une
24, '63; ist lieut. Company B .'\ug. 4, '64; brevet ca|ii.
and brevet maj. March 13, '65; wounded at F'ort Wagner,
S. C, July II, '63, and at Darbytown Road, Va., Oct.
27, '64; mustered out Jan. 5, '65; veteran. Frederick R.
Smith, Sept. 30, '61; jjromoted from sergt. maj. to 1st
lieut. and adj. May 27, '65; veteran.
Quartermasters — ("harles (iarretson, Aug. 18, '61; pro-
moted capt. and ass't Q. M. June 16, '62. CInrlcs M.
Brumm, Nov. 18, '61; promoted from isl lieut. Com-
pany K July 24, '62; mustered out Oct. 17, '64. Phile-
mon N. Hicks, jr., Feb. 24, '64; promoted from Q. Nf.
sergt. to Q. M. Mar. i, '65.
Surgeons. — Erastus R. Scholl, Oct. 15, '61; discharged
Feb. 19, '63. M. Augustus Withers, Sept. 30, '62; pro-
moted from ass't surg. June 11, '63; resigned July 27, '64.
Nathan Y. Leet, Nov. 24, '63; promoted from ass't surg.
Sept. 7, '64; mustered out June 8, '65. Charles W.
Backus, Sept. 30, '64; transferred from 203d Pa.
Assistant Surjreons. — Charles J. Siemens, Oct. 15, '61;
promoted to surg. 50th Pa. Mar. 7, '62. Frederick J.
Bancrofl, Mar. 7, '62; promoted to surg. 152nd Pa. Sept.
30, '62. Edwin Keele>, Aug. 11, '62; resigned May 18,
'63. Adolphus Schlosser, July 10, '63, resigned Sept. 24,
64. Isaac Lefever, Oct. 17, '64.
Chaplains. — Benjamin L. .Agnew, Nov. '8, '61; resigned
May 25, '62. William J. Wright, July 10. '63; discharged
Sept. 12, '64.
Sergeant Majors. — James J. M'Cormick, Nov. 6, '61;
l)romoted from \>\'w. Company F Dec. i,'6i,to 2nd lieut.
Comjiany D Aug. 15, '62. Daniel M'Vay, Oct. i, '61 ;
l)romoted from priv. Company A May 18, '64, to 2nd
lieut. Company A June 20, '64. Isaiah H. Rawlins, Oct.
9, '61; mustered out Nov. 28, '64. Jesse R. Sitler, Sept.
4, '63; drafted; promoted from corp. Company A tosergt.
maj. Nov. 20, '64; to 2nd lieut. Company A Mar. 10, '65.
C. E. Applebaugh, Feb. 21, '65; substitute; promoted
from priv. Company C July 8, '65.
Quartermaster Sergeants. — .Amander Pollock, Sept. 24,
'61; promoted from priv. Company B Oct. 8, "62; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Dec. 10, '62. John M'Nevin,
Oct. 17, '61; promoted from corp. Company C Jan. 24.
'63; to 2nd lieut. Company C' Oct. 10, '64; veteran.
Michael Bote, Oct. 17, '61; ]>romoted from corj). Com-
pany C Mar. 15, '65; veteran
Commissary Sergeants. — William F. Reisinger, Oct. 24,
'61; transferred to Company I Oct. 27, '62. Charles
Evans, Nov. 6, '61; promoted to ist lieut. Company K
Sept. 7, '64; veteran. William H. Steckley, Oct. 26, *6i;
promoted from corp. Company H Sei>t. 7, '64; veteran.
Hospital Stavanls. — Thomas H. Byrnes, Nov. 16, '61;
promoted to 2nd lieut. Company G May 22, '63. Wil-
liam Blanck, jr., Nov, 21, '61; promoted priv. Comi)any
I to hosp. stew. July 31, '63; to ist lieut. Com|)any F
Mar. I, '65; veteran. Isaac T. Keene, Oct. 26, '61; pro-
moted from |)riv. Company H to hosp. st. Mar i, '65;
veteran.
Principal Musicians. — Seth Heull, Sept. 24, '61; pro-
moted from priv. Company B July 9, '63; veteran. James
H. Pross, Oct. 26, '61; promoted from priv. Company
H; veteran. Robert C. Dunlap, Oct, i, '61: promot-
cd from priv. Company A Nov. i8, '6i; discharged by
special order Oct. 6, '62. George H. Bierman, Oct. 24,
'61; promoted from priv. Company I Nov. 18, '61; dis-
charged by s[)ecial order Oct. 6, '62.
COMPANY H.
Officers. — Ca[)tains — Arthur Hamilton, Oct. 26, '61;
killed at Pocotaligo, S. C, Oct., 22, '63. Charles Knerr,
Oct. 26, '61; wounded at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 1 1. '63;
promoted from ist lieut. to capt. Oct. 23, '62; niaj. Jan.
I, '65. Samuel W. Heller, Oct. 26, '61; promoted from
ist sergt. to 2nd lieut. Feb. 14, '64; rst lieut. Sept. 5, '64;
capt. Jan. 3, '65. First lieutenants — William Miller, Oct.
26, '61; promoted from 2nd to 1st lieut. Oct. 23, '62;
killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, '62. William F.
I^loss, Oct. 26, '61; promoted from ist sergt. to 2nd lieut.
Oct. 23, '62; to ist lieut. Dec. 3, '63; died at Hampton,
Va., Aug. 4, '64, of wounds received at Petersburg July
26, '64. Second lieutenant, David Davis, Oct. 26, '61;
promoted from ist sergt. to 2nd lieut. April 24, '65; ist
lieut. July i, '65; not mustered; veteran. First sergeant,
Peter Houser, Feb. i, '64; commissioned ist lieut. June
I, '65; not mustered; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran.
Sergeants — Henry Huffer, Feb. i, '64; commissioned
2nd lieut. June i, '65; not mustered; veteran. Fred-
erick Keitre and John Grundon, Feb. i, '64; ]iromoted
corps. Mar. i, '65; veterans. Solomon C. Miller, Oct.
26, '61; mustered out Nov. 28, '64. George W. Dodge,
Feb. I, '64; discharged on surg's certificate; veteran.
Jacob M. Major, Oct. 26, '61; mustered out Nov. 28, '64.
Edwin F. Taylor, Aug. 26, '63; drafted; discharged June
10. '65. Thomas Dougherty, Oct. 26, '61; killed at
Drury's Bluff, Va., May 16, '64; veteran, Corporals —
William H. Auman, Feb. i, '64; absent, sick, at muster
out; veteran. John R. Marshall and Noah B. Parker,
Feb. I, '64; veterans. Alvin O. Lowe, Aug. 26, '63;
drafted; promoted corp. Mar. i, '65; discharged June
29, '65. Conrad Young, Mar. 28, '64; promoted corp.
Mar. I, '65; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran. George
S. Hawk, Oct. 15, '64; substitute; promoted corp. May
10, '65 William B. Adams, July 16, '63; drafted; pro-
moted corp. May 10, '65. Charles O. Smith, Oct. 26,
'61; mustered out. Bailey Cooper and Thomas Madigan,
Oct. 26, '61; mustered out Nov. 28, '64. William H.
Steckley, Oct. 28, '61; ])romoted com. sergt. Sept. 6,' 64;
veteran. James Armstrong, Oct. 26, '61; killed at Po-
cotaligo, S. C, Oct. 22, '62. Theodore Cherry, Oct. 26,
'61; killed at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '64; veteran.
John A. Specht, Oct. 26, '61; captured; died at Salisbury,
N. C, Dec. 19, '64.
Privates. — Peter Anderton, Oct. 15, '64. Aldus and
Robert Arnier, Feb. 13, '65; substitutes. Hiram Alliman
and George B. Alliert, Oct. 26, '61; mustered out Nov.
28, '64. James W. Adams, Oct. 3, '63; drafted; died
Aug. 2, '64, at City Point, Va. Charles H. Brooks, Feb.
20, '65; discharged June 27, '65. Jacob Bertz, Feb. 16,
'65; substitute. Peter Barlieb, Feb. 22, '65. William M.
Bassett, Oct. 26, '61; discharged on surg's certificate Dec.
27, '62. Ander'n B. Bennett, Aug. 25, '63; drafted; dis-
charged on surg's certificate. Henry C. Bi.xby, Sept. 20,
'63; drafted; discharged May 27, '65. John F. Bubb,
Feb. 9, '65; discharged June 10, '65. Henry Baker, Oct.
26, '61; killed at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '64. Dan-
iel Cook, Oct. 17, '64; substitute. Jeremiah Coon, Sept.
28, '64; drafted; absent, sick, at muster out. Amos
Campbell, Oct. 17, '64; drafted. Lester Cooledge, Aug.
25, '63; drafted; captured Aug. 16, '64. Samuel Croll,
Feb. 10, '65. Michael Clark, Feb. 22, '65. M. E, Crook-
ham, Feb. 14, '65; substitute. Arthur E. Connon, Oct.
26, '61; discharged on surg's certificate May 28, '63. Ed-
ward Connor, Oct. 26, "61; mustered out Nov. 28, '64.
Sylvanus H. Corson, Oct. 26, 61; discharged Oct. 20, for
wounds received at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, '63.
Bennovan O. Covey, Oct. 26, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate June 22, '63. C. D. Chamberlain, Oct. 26, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate Feb. 2, '62. James Criss-
well, Oct. 26, '61; discharged on surg's certificate June
2, '63. Sylvester M. Corson, Oct. 26, '61; mustered out
Nov. 28, '64. William Caldwell, Oct. 26, '61; discharged
on surg's certificate June 2, '63. Joseph Garden, Oct. 26,
'61; captured; died at Richmond, Va., Nov. 19, '63.
Charles Cranler, Oct. '61; deserted Oct. 25, '61.
B. A. Campbell, Jan. 5, '65; not on muster out roll.
Josiah Dressier, Oct. 17, '64; substitute. Evan Davis,
Feb. 25, '65. Samuel Diller, Jan. 12, '65. William Dit-
ters, Feb. 16, '65. Lewis Decker, Oct. 26, '61; trans-
ferred to veteran reserve corps. James H. Decker, Oct.
26, '61; captured; died at Richmond, Va., Sept. 30, '63.
Charles Deihl, Oct. 26, '61; captured; died at Richmond,
Va., Sept. 5, '(iT,. Bryon Flagherty. Mar. 9, '64; veteran.
Conrad Frable, Mar. 7, '65; discliarged June 25, '65.
John D. Fretts, Aug. 26, '63; drafted; died at Point of
Rocks, Va., Aug. 5, '64. Thomas Griffith, Feb. 28, '65.
E. Gerberick, Oct. 26, '61; mustered out Oct. 26, '64.
Albert Gesner, Oct. 26, '61; mustered out Nov. 28, '64.
Alfred Green, Oct. 26, '61; transferred to veteran reserve
corps. Richard Guinen, Oct. 14, '63; drafted; trans-
ferred to veteran reserve corps Dec. 13, '64; discharged
Aug. 3, '65. Dennis Griffin, Oct. 26, '61; killed at Dee]j
Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '63. Edward Getroy; deserted
Oct. 25, '61. Thomas Haley, Feb. i, '64; veteran, Henry
Holdcn, Aug. 25, '63; drafted; absent, sick, at muster
out. John L. Harris, Feb. 25, '65. George Hart, Feb.
22, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 18,
'65. John Heft'ernon, Feb. 21, '65. John Harris, Feb.
28, '65. John L. Herr, July 15, '63; drafted. Julius D.
Hamlin, Oct. 26, '61; Idlled at Fort Wagner, S. C, July
II, '63. Patrick Hunt, Oct. 26, '61; captured; died at
Richmond, Va., Oct. 27, '63. S. B. Holcomb, Aug. 26,
'63; drafted; died at IJermuda Hundred. Va., May 14,
'64. George A. Jackson, July 15, 'i>y, drafted. Aaron
R. Judy, July 15, '63; drafted; absent, sick, at muster
out. Griffith James, Feb. 28, '65. James Johnson, Oct.
26, '61; killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, '63.
Martin Kelley, Feb. i, '64; absent, sick, at mus-
ter out; veteran. Philip Klinger, Oct. 12, '64:
substitute. Lawrence Klinger, Oct. 17, '64; substitute.
George Kearer, Feb. 8, '65; substitute; discharged Aug.
25, '65. Thomas Kearney, Oct. 26, '61; mustered out
Nov. 28, '64. John Kelly, Sept. 12, '64; drafted; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Mar. 31, '65, Daniel Knott,
Oct. 12, '64; substitute; discharged June 29, '65. Isaac
T. Keene, Oct. 29, '61; promoted to hosp. st. Mar. 1, '65;
veteran. Joseph Kelly, Sept. 29, '63; drafted; killed at
Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '64. Conliffe Lwisey, Oct.
15, '64; substitute. Daniel S. Lewis, Mar. 29, '64; ab-
sent, sick, at muster out. John W. Lewis, Feb. 25, '65.
Charles Leidy, Feb. 20, '65; substitute. Harthy Lanip-
shere, Feb. 22, '65; substitute. John Love. Oct. 26, '61;
mustered out Nov. 28, '64. Thomas T. Lloyd, Oct. 26,
'61; died Nov. 26, '61. Lewis Litz, Aug 26, '63; drafted;
died at Beverly, N. J, Sept. 15, '64, of wounds received
at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '64. Albert Mandeville,
Mar. 9, '64; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran. John
S. Miller, Oct. 20, '64. Charles W. Mulkins, Sept. 21,
'63; drafted; discharged June 16, '65. Joseph M. Mur-
ray, Sept. 23, '63; drafted; absent, sick, at muster out.
Joseph Meches, Feb. 22, '65. Charles Mango, Feb. 14,
'65. Benj. M. Masteller, Feb. 15, '65. John Matox,
Feb. 18, '65. Thomas Martin, F"eb. 21, '65. Nathan
Meches, Mar. 7, '65; discharged June 10, '65, Anthony
f
COMPANY H, SRVKMVSIXl H RKC.IMKNT— THH SF-VENTY-SEVENTH.
143
I
Myers, deserted Oct. 25. '61. Eugene M'Dovvell, Sept.
^o, '63; drafted. Willinni M'Cmiisey, Feb. 13, "65.
Willinni M'.AIlister, Oct. 26, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate June 2, '63. D. B. M'Clregor and Patrick
M'Donald, Oct. 26, '61; mustered out Nov. 28, '64.
lliii^h M'Kenna, Mar. 10, "65; not on muster out
roll. Thomas Xaughlon, Oct. 26, 61; mustered
out Nov. 28, '65. William Nelson, Oct. 26, '61;
(nptured; died at Andersonville, Oa., May 23, '64.
Michael Neal, Feb. 17, '65; deserted Mar. 10, '65.
C'liarles G. Palmer, Oct. 25, '63; drafted. Whitney Pres-
ton, .Aug. 25, '63; drafted. .Austin Porter, Oct. 26, '61;
mustered out Nov. 28, '64. James H. Pross, Oct. 26,
'61; promoted to principal musician; veteran. George
W. Posey, Oct. 26, '61; killed at Fort Wagner, S. C,
July II. '63. Joseph Ricker, Aug. 26, '63; drafted.
Amos Rhodes, Oct. 26, '61; discharged on surg's certifi-
cate June 2, '63. Lewis Rake, Oct. 26, '61; discharged
on surg's certificate Jan. 31, '62. Thomas Rheimer, Oct.
26, '61; died at Beaufort. S C, July 30, '62. Truman
Kussell, Aug. 25, '63; drafted; died at Alexandria, Va.,
June 28, '64. N'icholas T. Rodda, Feb. 25, '64; drafted;
died at Hampton, \"a., June 19, '64. 1.. Schaarwatcher,
Feb. 20, '65; substitute. Theodore Sinclair, Oct. 26, '61;
mustered out Nov. 28, '64. Thomas K. Shortledge, Oct.
26, '61; discharged on surg's certificate Mar. 9, 'Cj.
Peter W. Smith. .Aug. 26. '63; drafted; discharged June
8, '65. l.yman C. Smith, Sept. 13. '63; discharged on
?urg's certificate. Amasa P. Sexton, Sept. 26, '64; sub-
siiiute; discharged June 28, '65. James Swick, July 15.
'63; died at Petersburg, Va., June 7, '64. John Sanford.
Feb. 9, 65; deserted June 10, '65. Reynolds Thompson,
Oct. 9, '63; drafted. Ellis Terrill, .Aug. 4, '63; drafted;
absent, sick, at muster out. Abraham Thomas, July 14,
"63; drafted. 'I'unis Thomas, Mar. 28, '64. John .A.
Tliompst)n, Oct. 26, '61; mustered out Nov. 28, '64.
Robert Taylor, July 13, '63; drafted; discharged May 26.
"65. Martin I). Vosburg, .Aug. 26, '63; drafted. George
Vaness. William S. Wagner, July 18, '63; drafted.
Ryan L. Warren, Aug. 21, '63; drafted; absent, sick, at
muster out. John Wildman, July 15. '63; drafted.
Thomas M. Williams, Feb. 28, "65. William Wambaugh,
Oct. 26, '61; captured July 11, '63; absent at muster out,
(".eorge Wiltner, Jan. 7, '65. Peter Ward, Oct. 26, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate June 2, '63. Henry
Waltemeyer, Oct. 26, '61; died at Andersonville, Gn.,
June 2, '64. Thomas I.. Williams, Feb. 20, '65; died at
Raleigh, N. C. May 18, '65. Adam Wilhelm, Jan. 5,
'65; not on muster out roll. Samuel Yerger, Mar. 7, '65.
Peter Young, Oct. 26, '6i ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Dec.
25, '62.
SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGLMEXP.
Company G of this regiment was raised in Scranton,
and was composed mostly of Welshmen or men of Welsh
descent. The first company, H, was recruited in part in
Luzerne county. It was not full, and, though it was some
time with the regiment and took part in one battle, it was
disbanded without pay.
Recruiting for this regiment commenced in .August,
and in October it moved to Louisville, Ky., and thence
south on the line of the Louisville railroad to Nolin
river; there it had its camp during a month; then at
camp Negley; then it moved leisurely forward from
camp to camp, till it arrived at Nashville in March, 1862,
after the victories at Forts Henry iind Donelson. The
first battle was at Pittsburg Landing, .April 7th, 1862, to
reach which it had made a forced mart h, arriving while
the action was in progress. In this action it lost 3
killed and 7 wounded.
It reached Corinth in the latter part of May, and on
the 30th the enemy blew up his works and evacuated the
jtlace. During the ensuing summer it was eng.iged in
marching with the army and occasionally skirmishing.
In December it moved forward with the army on Nliir-
freesboro and encountered the enemy at Stone river, and
was severely engaged during three days. Its conduct at
this battle was such as to elicit fiom (•encral Rosec ran/
the compliment: " It was the banner regiment ,11 Sione
river. They never broke their ranks."
For several weeks after this battle the rei'iineiii w.is
on guard and scout duty; then till the opening of the
summer campaign of 1863 it was in c.imp at Murfrecs-
boro. In June it was engaged at Liberty G.ip, wheie it
lost a third of its effective for.-e. .Among the officers
killed in this action was I.icuten.iiit W II. Thomas, of
Company G.
.\t the battle of Chickam uig.i, in September, the 77th
was very heavily engaged, and all its field offi'ers, seven
line officers and 79 men fell into the hands of the enemy.
In January, 1864, many of the regiment re-enlisted, and
received a veteran furlough. On their return thev went
with Sherman on his .Atlanta campaign. They were en-
gaged during several days from the 7th of May; at Re-
saca, at Kinston, at New Hope church on the 25th and
the three following days; again, three miles from that
place, on the 4th of June; from the 19th to the 23d of
the same month at Kenesaw mountain, and in the same
vicinity for four days from the 24th; at Smyrnia, at the
Chattahoochee river, and at Peach Tree creek in the lat-
ter part of July.
During .August the regiment was engaged in the invest-
ment and siege of Atlanta, and after the retirement of the
enemy it was engaged at Lovejoy on the 2nd, 3d, 4th and
5th of September.
.After the departure of Sherman for the sea the 77th,
with other L^nion forces, was engaged in endeavoring to
out-maneuver Hood. An action took place in the latter
part of November at Franklin, in which the regiment w.is
heavily engaged. .At the defense of Nashville against
Hood, in December, it was hotly engaged, and it joined
in the pursuit of his living columns, occasionally skir
mishing till it reached Huntsville, .\la. This was the last
of its fighting. In the spring of 1865 it was reinforced
and sent to the southwest, where a hostile altitude was
still maintained. .After a short stay in New Orleans it
marched into Texas, where it arrived in .August and re-
mained till December. It then embarked at Indianola
for Philadelphia, where it was mustered out of the service
on the i6ih of February, 1866.
In the following lists the dates of muster into inc sci
vice are given with the names. When no remark follows
in the list of Company H the mail was not accounted for
in the adjutant general's record of the company. Those
of the regimental ofHcers and, of Company G not other-
wise accounted for were mastered out with the regi-
ment.
4=
f
144
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS.
C^/rwcA.— Frederick S. Stumbaugh, Sept. 28, '61; pro-
moted brig. gen. Nov. 29, '62; (bscliarged Dec. 7, '62.
Thomas E. Rose, Sept. 28. '61; promoted from capt. Co.
B to col. Jan. 24, '63; to brevet brig. gen. June 11, '65;
prisoner from Sept. 19, '63, to May i, '64; wounded at
Kenesaw Mountain, Ca., June 26, '64.
Lieiiteiiaiit Colonels. — Peter B. Housum, Sept. 28, '61;
died Jan. i, '63, of wounds received at Stone river, Tenn.,
Dec. 31, '62. Frederick S. Pyfer, Dec. 8, '61; promoted
from capt. Co. K Jan. 31, '63; prisoner from Sept. 19, '63,
to May, '64; mustered out Feb. 4, '65. William A. Rob-
inson, May I, '61; ])romoted from capt. Co. E June 10,
'65; brevet col. and brevet brig. gen. Mar. 13, '65.
Majors. — Stephen N. Bradford, Oct. 26, '61; resigned
Jan. 31, '63. Alexander Phillips, Oct. 26, '61; promoted
from rapt. Company G Apr. 12, '63; commissioned lieut.
col. Mar. 25, '65; not mustered; prisoner from Sept. 19,
'63, to May, '64; lost arm at Lovejoy, Ga., Sept. 3, '64;
mustered out May 8, '65. Joseph J. Lawson, Sept. 20,
'61; promoted from capt. Company C June 13, '65; mus-
tered out with regiment Dec. 6, '65.
Adjutants. — Samuel T. Davis, Sept. 20, '61; promoted
capt. Company G Dec. 8, '63. Christian Snively, Sept.
20, '61; promoted from hosp. St. Sept. 8, '64; wounded
at Dallas, (la.. May 28, "64; resigned June 7, '65; veteran.
Arthur Bennett, Mar. 10, '64; promoted from sergt. Com-
pany B June 9, '65.
Quartermasters. — Jacob E. Cassell, Sept. 26, '61; re-
signed June 21, '63. George F. Laubach, Sept. 19, '61;
promoted from Q. M. sergt. June 16, '63; resigned June 7,
'65. James O. Brookbank, Feb. z8, '65; promoted from
ist lieut. Company F Oct. 15, '65.
Surgeons. — Franklin Irish, Oct. 26, '61; resigned Feb.
II, '64. James M. M'Candlass, Mar 20, '63; promoted
from ass't surg. April 27, '64.
Assistant Surgeons. — Thomas B.Potter, Oct, 26, '61;
resigned .^pr. 30, '62. Jacob S. Maurer, June 10, '62;
resigned Nov. 18, '62. Joseph B. Downey, Aug. 2, '62;
promoted to surg. 78th Pa. regiment May 31, '63. James
F. Adair, Mar. 14, '64; drafted. Isaac T. Coates, Sept.
19. '(>s-
Chaplain. — John M. Thomas, Nov. i, 61; resigned
June 21, '62.
Sergeant Majors. — Henry C. Spreen, Oct. 11, '61; pro-
moted from musician Company B Apr. 10, '65; veteran.
Sidney J. Brauff, Oct. 11, '61; promoted from serg. Com-
pany B Oct. 19, '61; discharged on surg's certificate Mar.
28, '62. William P. Price, Sept. 20, '61; promoted from
priv. Company B April i, '62; to 2nd lieut. Company E
June 20, '62. Silas M. Cline, Sept. 20, '61; promoted
from corp. Company C Feb. 10, '64; to 2nd lieut. Com-
pany C Apr. 10, '65; veteran. Alfred W. Letteer, Oct.
14, '61; promoted from sergt. Company D June 21, '62;
captured at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, '63; died at An-
dersonville.
Quartermaster Sergeants. — Joseph Guthrie, Dec. 8,
'61; promoted from com. sergt. Apr. i, '65; veteran.
George S. Drake, Oct. 8, '61; promoted from private
Company B. to Q. M. sergt. Feb. 5, '64; ist lieut. Com-
pany B. April 10, '65; veteran.
Commissary Sergeants. — Richard Mitchell, Sept. 20, '6;;
promoted from corp. Company C. .\\>x. i, '65; veteran.
Thomas G. Cochran, Oct. 11, '61; i)romoted from private
Company A to commissary sergt. Oct. 11, '61; 2nd lieut.
Company D .'\ug. 27, '62.
Hospital Stewards. — Daniel E. Davis, Oct. g, '61; pro-
moted from private Company F Sept. 9, '64; veteran.
Chas. H. Cressler, Oct. 11, '61; promoted from jirivate
Company A Oct. 11, '6i; 2nd lieut. Company D June 19,
'62. Wm. V. Marquis, Oct. 11, '61; promoted from
corp. Company B June 20, '62; assistant surg. 28th regi-
ment Kentucky volunteers Feb. '63.
COMPANY G.
-Cajitains — Alexander Phillips, Oct. 26, '61;
maj. Apr. 12, '63. Henry Stern, Oct. 11, '61;
Ojjicers.-
promoted
promoted from ist lieut. Apr. 17, '63; resigned Sept. 9,
'63. Samuel T. Davis, Sept. 20, '61; promoted from adj.
Dec. 8, '63; discharged Aug. 15, '64, for wounds received
at Resaca, Ga., May 14, '64. Edwin Morgan, Oct. 1 1, '61 ;
promoted ist sergt. Feb. 5, '64; ist lieut. May i, '65;
capt. Sept. I, '65; mustered out with company Dec. 6,
'65; veteran. First lieutenants — William H. Thomas,
Oct. ir, '61; promoted from 2nd to ist lieut. Apr. 17,
killed at Liberty Gap, Tenn., June 25, '65
Wil
Watkins, Oct. 11, '61; promoted from sergt. to 2nd lieut.
.Apr. 10, '65; ist lieut. Se]jt. i,'65; discharged Oct. 7, '65;
veteran. Second lieutenants — David Garbet, Oct. 21,
'61; promoted from ist sergt. Apr. 17, '63; captured at
Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, '63; mustered out Mar. 15,
'65. John Grison, Oct. 11, '61; p'-omoted sergt. Feb. 5,
'64; ist sergt. May i, '65; 2nd lieut. Sept. i, '65. First
sergeant, Evan Waters, Oct. 11, '61; promoted corp. Feb. 5,
'64: sergt. May I, '65, ist sergt. Sept. 10, '65 ; vetean. Sergts.
— Ernest Johnston, Oct. 11, '61; promoted corp. Feb. 5,
'64; sergt. Mar. i, '65; discharged Mar. 4, '65; veteran.
John Barnett, Oct. 11, '61; promoted corp Feb. 5, '64;
sergt. May i,'65; veteran. L. Barright, Nov. 13, '61; wounded
at Jonesboro, Tenn., Sept. i, '64; promoted corp. Mar. i,
'65; sergt. May r, '65; discharged Oct. 18, '65; veteran.
John T. Hope, Oct. 9' '61; promoted sergt. Sept. 10, '65;
veteran. Hugh (;allagher,Oct. 11, '61; promoted corp. Feb.
5, '64; sergt. July 7, '64; prisoner from Nov. 30, '64, to
Apr. 28, '65; discharged June 2, '65; veteran. James
Forrester, Oct. 11, '6i ; promoted from corp. Mar. i, '63;
discharged on surg's certificate June 25, '63. William
Morris, Oct. 11, '61; promoted sergt. Apr. 15, '63; cap-
tured at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, '63; died at Ander-
sonville, '64. George Stevens, Oct. 11, '61; promoted
sergt. Mar. i, '63; captured at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept.
19, '63; died at Andersonville Oct., '64. Oscar C.Smith,
Oct. II, '61; promoted sergt. Apr. 17, '63; captured at
Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 18, '63; died at Andersonville
July 24, '64. Corporals — Philip Waters, Dec. 15, '61;
promoted corp. Mar. i, '65; veteran. G. W. Mitchell, Oct.
II, '61; promoted corp. Mar. i,'65; veteran. E. L. Evans,
Mar. 3, '64; promoted corp. Mar. i, '65. William G.
Fagan, Feb. 20, '64; promoted corp. May i, '65. James
Phillips, Mar. 3, '64; promoted corp. May. i, '65. John
Moore, Feb. 22, '64; promoted corp. July i, '65. Lewis
Herbert, Nov. 15, '61; promoted corp. Sept. 10, '65 ; veteran.
Thomas Morgan, Feb. 9, '65; promoted corp. Sept. 10,
'65. Benjamin Phillips, Oct. 11, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate July 13. '62. Gilbert B. Vail, Oct. 11,
'61'; promoted corp. Mar. i, '63; captured at Chicka-
mauga, Ga., Sept. 19, '63; died at Andersonville, Sept.
19, '64. Edwin Hall, Oct. 11, '61; promoted corp. Mar.
I, '63; captured at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, '63; died
at Andersonville, Oct. 11, '64. Aaron K. Pruden, Oct.
II, '61; died at Stevenson, Ala., July 14, '62. Joseph
Thimias, Mar. 31, '64; promoted corp. May i, '65; died
Aug. 9, '65. William Welsh, Oct. 11, '61; died at Louis-
ville, Ky., '62. John E. Thomas, Oct. 11, '6i; deserted
Apr. '63.
Privates. — Henry Amnions, Feb. 15, '64; absent, sick
at muster out. James Armstrong, Feb. 13, '65; died at
St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 24, '66. T. R. Armstrong, Feb. 10,
'65. .James Atkins, Mar. 5, '65; died at New Orleans,
La., liily 20, '65. Joseph Bailey, Feb. 22, '64. William
m
>f"
COMPANY r., SEVKNTV-SKVENTH REGIMENT.
«45
R.iker, Feb. 25, '64; absent, sick, at muster out. Robert
Burrows, Nov. 15, '61; mustered out Nov. 22, '64. Jos-
eph Bryant, Oct. 11, '61; mustered out Oct. 11, '64.
Mirtin Barrett, Nov. 6, '62; mustered out Nov. 5, '65.
William F. Barney, Mar. 3, '64; died at Nashville, Tenn.,
Sept. 5, of wounds received at Marietta, Ga., July 4, '64.
James Brown, George Buchanan and Thomis Horches,
Oct. II, '61; discharged; date unknown. George Bl.ick,
Feb. 24, '64; not on muster out roll. John Caffery, Mar.
9, '64. Bryne Cafferty, Mar. 21, '64; discharged Dec. 6,
'65. Peter C.irney, .Apr. 5, '64; discharged Oct. 11, '65.
Jonathan Coslett, Mar. 21, '64. William Collins, Feb. 10,
'65. Patrick Clark, Feb. ir, '65. Charles Connor, Nov.
15, '61; wovmded at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, '63;
mustered out Oct. 22, '64. Charles Cressler, Jan. 24, '62;
discharged Oct. 22, '62. Andrew M. Clark, Oct. 11, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate Apr. 11, '62. Nicholas
Conroy, Feb. 23, '64; discharged Mar. 19, '65, for wounds
received at Dallas, Ga., June 2, '64. Edwin B. Cavil and
George B. Carr, Oct. ir, '61; discharged; date unknown.
Howell Davis, Feb. 10, '65. Wyant Disler, Feb. 11, '65.
Lewis L. Davis, Apr. 12, '65. John C. Daily, Feb. 22,
'64; killed at Dallas, Ga., June 30, '64. William Davis,
Nov. 15, '61; killed at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31,
'62. George Davis, Feb. 9, '65: died at New Orleans,
La., Aug. 23, '65. Josejjh Daily, Mar. 11, '64; deserted
in .\i)ril, '64. Thomas Ellis, Feb. 11, '65. David Ed-
• monds, Oct. it, '61; deserted in Nov., '62. James For-
rester, Oct. 9, '6i; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran.
Charles Farber, Mar. 20, '65. George Fennell, Mar. 21,
'65; discharged Oct. 9, '65. Thomas Francis, Feb. 13,
'64; died at Kingston, Ga., Aug. 30, '64, of wounds re-
ceived at Atlanta. Griffith George, Feb. 10, '65. Martin
Garrety, NLar. 28, '64; discharged Oct. 13, '65. Patrick
Gallagher, Oct. ii, '61; discharged July 11, '63, for
wounds received at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, '62.
Theodore Graham, Oct. 11, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate June 14, '62. Peter Grundy, Oct. 24, '61;
transferred to veteran reserve corps Sept. i, '63.
Llewellyn (irififith, Mar. 31, '64; died at Hyde Park, Pa.,
Apr. 4, '64. Thomas Grissinger, Mar. 15, '63; died at
P)lue Springs, Ky., June 2, '64. David Griffith, Mar. 5,
'64; died at Marietta, Ga., July 5, of wounds received at
Kingston July 4, '63. Thomas (iillpatrick, Oct. 11, '61;
deserted in Feb., '63. Michael Heavers, Mar. 3, '64;
discharged Oct. 9, '65. (ieorge Heidle, Mar. 4, '64; ab-
sent, sick, at muster out. John B. Haun, Feb. 23, '64;
discharged Oct. it, '65. Charles Hadley, Feb. 9, '65.
Hugh Hughes, Feb. 10, '65; discharged Oct. 9, '65.
William Herbert, Oct. 11, '6i; mustered out Oct. 11, '64.
John Howey, May 9, '64; wounded at .Atlanta, Ga., Aug.
25, '64; discharged July 10, '65. Peter Hart, Mar. 18,
'64; discharged June 23, '65. William L. Holford, Oct.
27, '62; mustered out Nov. 5, '65. Charles Harris, Feb.
26, '64; discharged Sept. 27, '65. Robert Howe, Oct. 11,
'61; discharged by surg's certificate July 27, '62. Lionel
Hopkins, Feb. 22, '64; transferred to veteran reserve
corps Oct. 10, '64. William Hays, Oct. 9, '61 ;
died at New Orleans, La., Aug. i, '65. Jacob
Houser, Oct. 11, '61; died at Nashville, Tenn., June
14, '62. George Hastings, Oct. 11, '61; discharged.
Ezekiel Hoyt, Oct. 24, '61; deserted June, '63. Reuben
Ireland, Feb. 29, '64; died at Chattanooga, Tenn., .Nhiy
25, '65; burial record Aug. i, '64. George Iden, Mar.
4, '64; not on muster out roll. John Jones, Feb. 8, '65.
James Jones, Feb. 8, '65; discharged Oct. 18, '65. Sam.iel
John, Mar. 2, '65; discharged Oct. 6, '65. William D.
Jones, Feb. 25, '65; discharged Oct. 7, '65. Jesse John-
son, Oct. II, '61; discharged on surg's certificate June
14, '65. Thomas Jordon; discharged on surg's certifi-
cate. William Jamison. Feb it, '65; discharged on
surg's certificate Sept. 12, '65. William Jones, Nov. 15,
'61; died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 9, '65, of wounds
received at Atlanta, Gn., Aug. 25, '64; veteran. Morgan
Jones, Oct. 11, '61; died at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 19,
'64, of wounds received at Nashville. Dec. 16, '64;
veteran. Edward Jones, Oct. 11. '61; killed al Frank-
lin. Tenn., Nov. 30, '64. William P. Jones, Mar. 21, '64;
died at ^L^^ietta, Ga., July 10, of wounds received at
Kesaca, June 21, '64. John R. Jones, Ebenezer Jones
and John Jeremiah, Oct. 11, '61; deserted Oct. 9, '62.
Joseph Johnston, Feb. 29, '64; not on muster out roll.
James Kelley, Mar. 4, '64. John Kelley, Oct. 11, '61;
wounded at Liberty Gap. Tenn.. June 25, '63; mustered
out Nov. :2, '64. Charles Keller, Nov. 15, '61; dis-
charged on surg's certificate .May 21. '62. Joseph Knouse,
Oil, II, Y)i; transferred to veteran reserve corps Nov.,
'63. Hiram P. Kerlan, Feb. 27, '64; died at Nashville,
Tenn., July 30, of wounds received at Kenesaw .Moun-
tain, Ga., June 19, '64. Joseph D. Lloyd, NLir. 3, '65;
discharged Oct. 7, '65. Peier W. Lynch, Feb. 13, '65:
absent, sick, at rmister out. William Lewis, Oct. 11, '61;
mustered out Ocl. 11, '64. Samuel W. Loveless; dis-
John Loftice, Mar. 21, '64: killed at
Mountain, Ga., June 19, '64. David
Oct. II, '61; captured at Chickamauga,
19, '63; died at .Andersonvilje, Jan. 19, '65.
charged.
Kenes.iw
Lindsay,
Ga., Sept.
Samuel Lane, Oct. 24, '61 : captured at Chickamauga, Ga.,
Sept. 19, "63; died at .Andersonville, .Sept. i, '64. Henoch
Lloyd, NLar. 19, '64; deserted .March 21, '64. Lawrence
.Morgan, Oct. 9, '61; wounded at Liberty (iap, Tenn..
June 25, '63; absent, on furlough, at muster out; veteran.
John Morgan, Mar. 4, '65; discharged Oct. 7, '65. Wat-
kins Nhitthews, Mar. 3, '65; discharged Oct. 19, '65.
Francis Moran, Mar. 3, '64; wounded May 10, '64; ab-
sent, in hospital, at muster out. David Morgan, Mar. 9,
'64. Martin Metzger, Nhir. iS, '64. Stephen Mitchell,
Nhty 14. '64; discharged Oct. 7, '65. David Michaels,
Nov. 15, '61; mustered out Dec. 6, '64. Thomas Monk,
Oct. IT, '61; discharged on surg's certificate, June 2, '62.
Charles Monk, Oct. 11, '61; discharged on surg's certifi-
cate July 21, '62. Taylor Myton, F"eb. 22, '64; wounded
at Kingston, Ga., July 4, '64; transferred to veteran re-
serve corps Jan. 2, '65; discharged Nov. 22, '65. Griffith
Morris. Oct. 11, '61; captured at Chickamauga. Ga., Sept.
19, '63; died at .Andersonville, June 30, '64. John J.
Monk, Nov. 13, '61; died at Shiloh, Tenn., May 10, '62.
John Miles, Charles N. Miles, and Evan Millward, Oct.
II, '61; discharged; date unknown. I'eter NFCaffery,
Feb. II, '65; discharged Oct. 18, '65. William M'Don-
ald. Mar. 19, '64; wounded at Dallas, (Ja., May 29, '64;
absent, sick, at muster out. Patrick M'Donald, Oct. 11,
'6t; discharged on surg's certificate June 11, '63. Frank-
lin M'Lane, Oct. 24, '61; discharged on surg's certificate
Nov. 3, '64. James M'Keen, Oct. 11, '61; captured at
Chickamauga, Sept. 19, '63; died at Andcrsonville. .\ug.
24, '64. John Ari)onald. Oct. 11. '61; capUired at Chick-
amauga, Ga., Sept. 19, '63; died at .\ndersonville. '64.
|ohnM'(iaun, Feb. 4. '65; deserted F"eb. 8. '65. John
Nailon, .Mar. 24, '64; died at Ball's Gap, Tenn., Apr. 20, '65.
Patrick H. Nash, Oct. 11, '61; deserted F"eb. 28, '63,
Stephen Olmstead, F'eb. 25, "64, and Charles Oakley.
I'eb. 10, '65; absent, sick at muster out. James O'H.irra.
.\pr. 4, '64, and Noah Owens, Feb. 27, '65; discharged
Sept. 15. '65. Edward Pinch, Feb. 13, '64; absent, sick,
at muster out. William D. Port, Feb. 22, '64. Thomas
Pace. Mar. 23. '64; died at Mariett.i. Ga., July 6, of
wounds received at Kingston July 4, '64. James Pow-
ell, Oct. II, "61; captured at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19,
'63; died at Atlanta Dec. 5, '63. John and William
Pierce, Oct. 11, '61; discharged; date unknown. Henry
<,)Minn. Feb. 23. '64. Joseph Rulin.l. M.ir. o. '64: dis-
19
^h
146
HISTORY OF J.UZERNE COUNTY,
T
charged Oct. 6, '65. David Reese, Feb. 9, '65. Charles
W. Reed, Feb. 11, '65; discharged Oct. 6, '65. William
M. Reese, Feb. 9, '65; discharged May 15, '65. Thomas
Rosser, Oct. 11, '61; discharged on surg's certificate
Aug. 13, '62. William Reese, Mar. 4, '64; discharged on
surg's certificate Sept 12, '65. Hiram Reynolds. May 9,
'64; discharged on surg's certificate Sept. 14, '65. Wil-
liam Reynolds, Mar. 9, '64; died at Nashville, Tenn.,
Dec. r, '64. Griffith Reese, Oct. 11. "61; died at Louis-
ville, Ky., May 27, '62. John Rolierts, Mar. 7, '64; not
accounted for. James Scott, Oct. 9, '61; wounded at
Kenesaw Mountain, Ca., June 27, '64; mustered out with
company Dec. 6, '65; veteran. Charles L. Shultz, Mar.
25, '64; absent, sick, at muster out. Alexander Shubert,
Apr. II, '64; wounded at Jonesboro, Tenn., Sept. i, '64;
absent, sick, at muster out. George \V. Stiles, Mar. 10,
'64. Frederick Seigel, Nov. i, '62; mustered out Nov. 5,
'65. George M. Sillsbee, Oct. 11, '61; wounded at Dal-
las, Ga., May 28, '64, and Nashville, Tenn., Nov.
30, '64; promoted principal musician June 19,
'65; veteran. James Spence, Oct. 11, '61; died at
Kingston, Ga., Oct. 16, '64. Enos Snyder, Oct. 11, '61;
discharged; date unknown. Griffin C. Strark, Feb. 25,
'64; deserted Apr., '64 John Schoonover, David N.
Snyder, Marcus Sholl and Smith A. Strong, Oct. 11, '61;
discharged; date unknown. William Thatcher, Mar. 3,
'64; discharged Oct. 21, '65. Lawrence Toomey, Mar.
9, '64. Peter Trimble, Mar. 3, 65; discharged Oct. 7,
'65. Commodore Thorpe, Nov. 13, '61; discharged on
surg's certificate June 14, '62. Evan W. Thomas, Oct.
1 1, '61; discharged on surg'scertificate JuneS, '62. Michael
G. Tighe, May 6, '64; deserted Dec, '64. William Tuttle,
Apr. 7, '64; deserted Apr., '64. Edward Turley, Oct. 11,
'61; deserted July 9, '65; veteran. John Watkins, Feb. 8,
'65; absent, sick, at muster out. Williarn Webb, Feb.
II, '65. John Weaver, Mar. 9, '64. Michael Welsh, Mar.
24, '64. Aaron Warren, Mar. 31, '64. William Wingate,
Feb. 22, '64; wounded at Kingston, Ga., July 4, '64; dis
charged on surg's certificate May 9, '65. Morgan Wil-
liams, Oct. II, '61; discharged on surg's certificate May
9, '62. Alexander Wiper, Oct. 11, '61; discharged on
surg'scertificate Nov. 29, '62. Richard Ward, Oct. 11,
'61; discharged on surg's certificate Nov. 18, '63. Philo
A. Wilinot, Oct. II, '61; mustered out Oct. 18, '64. Mor-
ris Welsh, Oct. II, '61; died at Chattanooga, Tenn., May
20, '64. Samuel Wilks, Oct. 21, '61; captured at Chick-
amauga, Ga., Sept. 19, '63; died at Andersonville Aug.
II, '65. W. G. Weatherby, Nov. i, '62; deserted; re-
turned; died at New Orleans, La., July 3, '65. Sanford
C. Wilson, Feb. 9, '65; died at Jefferson Barracks, Mo.,
Sept. 19, '65. Owen Williams, Nov. 15, '61; deserted
Dec. 30, '63. William Williams, Oct. 11, '61; deserted
Apr. 18, '62. James White, Butler A. Ward, and Henry
H. Wood, Oct. II, '61, deserted; date unknown.
COMPANV H.
Officers. — Captains — Henry W. Derby, Sept. 8, '61;
resigned Apr. 4, '62. Joseph Thomas, Sept. 28, '61; pro-
moted from 2nd lieut. Company A Apr. 4, '62; discharg-
ed Oct. 30, '62. ist lieutenants, William J. M'Gratty,
Oct. 16, '61; resigned Mar. 29, '62. James F. Shattuck,
Jan. 31, '62; promoted from 2nd to ist lieut. Mar. 31,
'62; discharged Nov. 30, '62. 2nd lieutenant — Henry
H. Wood; discharged Sept. 30, '62. Sergeants — Miles
M. Bradford, Oct. 14, '61; discharged Mar. 22, '66, to
date Nov. 15, '62. Frank Hollenbach and Daniel B.
Coon, Oct. 14, '61; discharged Apr. 25, '66, to date Nov.
10, '62. Corporals — (ieorge Carr, Oct. 15, '61; discharg-
ed Mar. 22, '66, to date Nov. 15, '62. Edward C. Cavill,
Oct. 15, '61; discharged Apr. 25, '66, to date Nov, lo
'62. John Schoonover. Oct. 14, '61; discharged May 4,^
'66, to date Nov. 10, '62.
Privates. — Joseph Alexander, L)ec. iS, '61. Josepli
Bennett, Oct. 14, '61; discharged Mar. 21, '66, to date
Nov. 15, '62. Levi Bennett, Oct. 14, '61; discharged
Mar. 21, '66, to date Nov. 15, '62. Daniel Bricker, Oct.
9, '61; discharged May 4, '66, to date Nov. 10, '62.
Thomas F. Bochert, Oct. 9, '61; discharged May 4, '66,
to date Nov. 10, '62. Samuel Burhite, Nov. 15, '61.
Henry Bastian, Nov. 21, '61. Martin Biertenstine,
Nov. 21, '61. John Bender, Dec. 18,. '61. John W.
Bilingen, Dec. 18, '61. Foster Cooper, Dec. 6,
'61; discharged Mar. 7, '66, to date Nov. 15, '62.
Charles Conner, Nov. 15, '61. Charles Cope, Oct. 11, '61.
William Cook, Dec. 18, '61. Maurice Cotter, Dec. 18,
'61. William Emory, Dec. i, '61. Henry Gardner, Nov.
27, '61. George Hause, Oct. 3, '61. Robert Holden,
Oct. 3, '61. Robert Hardenn, Dec. 18, '61. Arnold
Hendricks, Oct. 14, '61; discharged April 25, '66, to date
Nov. 10, '62. Charles Innerot, Nov. 26, '61. John
Lewis, Oct. 3, '61. Peter Lorrett, Oct. 3, '61. George
F. Laubach, Sept. 19, '61; transferred to Company A.
Linas Miles, Nov. 28, '61. Patrick Maloney, Nov. 25,
'61. William Marshall, Dec. 18, '61. Charles W. Miles,
Oct. 15, '61; discharged Apr, 25, '66, to date Nov. 10,
'62. John Miles, Oct. 15, '61; discharged Mar. 26, '66,
to date Nov. 10, '62. William Marks, Dec, 8, '61; dis-
charged July 6, '66, to date Nov. 10, '62. Albert _
Peopher, Oct. 3, '61. John C. Pearce, Oct. 15, '61; dis-
charged Apr. 25, '66, to date Nov. 10, '62. Daniel J.
Patterson, Oct. 14, '61; discharged May 4, '66, to date
Nov. 10, '62. Julius Reater, Oct. 3, '61. Frederick
Rasp, Dec. 18, '61. John Snyder, Oct. 3, '61. John
Sleager, Oct. 3, '61." Hiram Slack, Oct. 18, '61.
William J. Sharp, Nov. 21, '61. Philip Stalp, Dec 18,
'61. Samuel Stoner, Dec. 12, '61. David B. Snyder,
Oct. 15, '61; discharged Apr. 25, '66, to date Nov. 10,
'62. William Thomas, Oct. 18, '61. John Wertle, Oct.
3, 61; Andrew Walter, Dec. 20, '61. Philip Walters,
Dec. 18, '61. Benjamin Woodney, Oct. 14, '61; dis-
charged May 4, '66, to date Nov. 10, '62.
CHAPTER XXIV.
LUZERNE IN THE CIVIL WAR— HISTORIES OF THE 81ST,
92ND AND 96TH REin.MENTS.
HE recruiting of the 8ist regiment commenced
in August, 1861, and in October it proceeded
to Washington. Com])any H was recruited
in Carbon and Luzerne counties, and Com-
pany K in Luzerne. The regiment was engaged
only in police and scout duty till the ist of March,
1862, when it took the field. During the advance
to the Peninsula it was engaged mostly in fatigue duty.
It built the Sumner bridge and crossed on it with its
brigade, had a skirmish with the enemy and returned. At
Fair Oaks, on the 31st of May, the regiment was engaged
and Colonel Miller was killed. On tne 25th of June,
three Companies — D, H and K — were eng:ig..J in a picket
light. On the 29th the regiment was in action at Peach
Orchard, and on the 30th at White Oak Swamp and
*^p=^
THE KI(;iirV-l-lRST VOI.UXTEKR INFANTRY.
147
Charles Cily "Cross Roads, losing heavily. July ist it was
engaged at Malvern Hill, at which battle Lieutenant
Colonel Connor was killed.
The regiment returned to Acquia creek by transports,
thence to Alexandria, and to the second Bull Run battle
field, but was not engaged. It was ne.xt in action at
Antietam on the 17th of September, where it again lost
heavily. Thence it moved to Harper's Ferry and after-
wards to Warrenton. When Burnside assumed command
of the army the regiment moved to Falmouth, and on
the 13th of December it was engaged at Fredericksburg.
In this battle Lieutenant Colonel Swain was killed and
Colonel McKeen wounded. It returned to quarters at
Falmouth, where it remained till the latter part of May,
when it broke camp and during the month of June moved
from place to )jlace, and arrived at Cettysburg on the ist
of July, having marched thirty-eight miles the i)receding
day. On the 2nd and ^^d it was " in the thick of the
fray " and lost half of its effective strength.
During the remainder of the summer it was in Virginia
with the second corps, to which it was attached, and
went into winter quarters near Stevensburg. In January
a portion of the men re-enlisted and received a veteran
furlough, and its ranks were recruited. It took the field
in the spring of 1864. During three days early in May
the regiment was engaged at the battle of the Wilderness,
and on the 12th at Spottsylvania. It was again engaged
at Cold Harbor on the 3d of June, and its colonel was
killed there. It participated in the siege of Petersburg,
and was engaged there and at Strawberry Plains, Ream's
Station and Deep Bottom, in all of which actions it sus-
tained its character for bravery. It remained in front of
Petersburg during the winter of 1864-5, and participated
in the campaign of the next spring. It was frequently
engaged, but did not suffer severe loss except at Farm-
ville, on the 7th of April, two days before the surrender
of Lee. This concluded its fighting. It returned to the
vicinity of Washington and was mustered out on the 29th
of June.
Its losses and casualties during its term of service were:
Field and staff officers, 2 from disease, i prisoner, 5
wounded and 4 killed; line officers, 2 prisoners. 40
wounded and 14 killed; enlisted men, 79 deaths from
disease, 152 prisoners, 516 wounded and 201 killed.
FIELD AND STAFF OFFICF.RS.
Following is a roll of the regimental officers of the 8 ist.
The dates when they were mustered in are given. Those
who are not mentioned as having left the regiment before
June 29th, 1S65, were mustered out at that date.
Coio/ie/s.— James Miller, Aug. 8, '61; killed at Fair
Oaks, Va., May 31, '62. Charles F. Johnson, Sept. 16,
'61; promoted from lieut. col. June i, '62; wounded
at Charles City Cross Roads, Va., June 30, '62; resigned
Nov. 24, '62. H. Boyd M'Keen, Oct. 27, '61; promoted
from adj. to maj. June i, '62; lieut. col. July i, '62; col.
Nov. 24, '62; wounded at Malvern Hill July i, '62;
Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '62, and at Chancellorsville May
3, '62; killed at Cold Harbor. Va., June 3, '64. William
Wilson, Dec. 9, '61; promoted from capt. Company E to
maj. Mar. 2, '64; to lieut. col. Apr. 22, '64; col. Oct. 30,
'64; woundeti at Spottsylvania Court-house. Va., May 12,
•64.
Lifutenant 'Colonds. — Eli T. Conner, Oct. i, '6r; pro-
moted from ninj. June 1, '62; killed at Malvern Hill, Va..
July I, '62. Robert M. Lee. jr., Aug. 10, '61; promoted
from capt. Company F to maj. June 1, '62; to lieut. col.
Nov. 24, '62; discharged Apr. 17, '63. Amos Stroll, Sept.
16, '61; promoted from capt. Company (i Apr. 17, '63;
resigneil July 22, '63. Thomas C. Harkness, Sept. 18,
'61; promoted from capt. Conijiany H Apr. 17, '63; com-
missioned lieut. col. July 24, '63; not mustered; resigned
Mar. 14, '64. Lawrence Mercer, Sept. i, '62; promoted
from capt. Company A Oct. 30, '64; commissioned
lieut. col.; not mustered.
Adjutants. — Clinton Swain, Sept. 24, '61; promoted
from sergt. maj. June 16, '62; to capt. Company D Dec.
9, '62. David J. Phillips, Oct. 15, '61; promoted from
2nd lieut. Company I Feb. i, '63; to capt. Company 1
May I, '63. John B. Munyan, Aug. 6, '61; promoted
from 2nd lieut. Company A Dec. 26, '63; discharged Apr.
25, '64. William J. Wilson, Aug. 22. '62; jjromoted from
sergt. Company E Oct. 5, '64; discharged May 8, '65.
Quarttimasteis. — John M. Duiton, '61; died Apr. 26,
'62. John Hrelsford, Dec. 19, '61; promoted from sergt.
Company I, May i. '62; resigned .Apr. 26, '64. Lewis
W. Ingram, .Aug. r6, '62; promoted from com. sergt.
i48tli Pa., June 27, '64.
Sutgt-oHs. — W. A. Gardiner, resigned Aug. 5, '62. H.
S. Colston, Sept. 13, '62; resigned Dec. 21, '62. John
Houston, Aug. i, '62; promoted from ass't surg. Jan. 14,
'63; mustered out Sept. 15, '64. John C. Norris, Mar.
21, '63; promoted from ass't surg. Oct. 23, '64.
Assistant Sii>xf<>ns. — J. P. Kimball, resigned Jan. 30,
'62. C. S. Widdifield, Feb. 15, '62; died at Fortress
Monroe, Va., .\pr. 27, '62. J. B. Beshler, June 14, '62;
discharged .\pr. 3, '63. Samuel Graham, Dec. 3, '64.
C/ta/>/ai/i.— Stacy Wilson, Oct. 28, '61; resigned Mar.
22, '64.
Si-/xc-<J'it A/a/ors. — Lawrence Davenport. Dec. 23, '63;
promoted from ist sergt. Company A June i, '65; com-
missioned 2nd lieut. Company A June 29, '65; not mus-
tered; veteran. lacob Hentz, Aug. 27, '62; discharged
June I, '65. Nathan F. Marsh, Sept. 16, '61; promoted
from private Company G to ist lieut. Company I, Nov.
25, '64; veteran.
Quarteniiasttr Sergeant. — Jacob A. HoUinger, Sept. 16,
'6i; promoted from private Company G May i,'64; com-
missioned Q. M. June 29, '65; not mustered; veteran.
Commissary Sergeants.— ]diCoh R. Beers, Mar. 2, '64; pro-
moted to com. sergt. Oct. 30, '64. Joseph S. Webb, Oct.
15. '61; promoted from private Company I to"2nd lieut.
Company .\ Oct. 30, '64; veteran.
llosl^ital Steiuard. — Frank C. Anderson, .Vug. 17, '64;
promoted to hosp. St. Nov. i, '64.
Princil^al Musieians. — Wilbur T. Gear, Sept. 24, '61;
promoted from musician Company D Dec. 13, '64; vet-
eran. Alfred M. Hutchinson, Sept. 16, '61; promoted
from musician Company B June 19, '65; veteran. Isaac
N. Wilson, Aug. 6, '6i; promoted from musician Com-
pany A to 2nd lieut. Company F June 19, '65; veteran.
Henry Wilson. Aug. 6, '61; promoted from musician
Company A to 2nd lieut. Company F, Dec. 13, '64; vet-
eran.
COMPAXV H.
Company H was recruited in Luzerne and Carbon
counties. Nearly all of its members were mustered in
on the 22nd of August, 1861, and the time of muster is
given only where it was some other than that date.
148
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
Officers. — Captains — Thomas C. Harkness, Sept. 18,
'61; wounded at Charles City Cross Roads June 30, '62,
and at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62; promoted maj.
April 7, '63; wounded at Cliancetlorsville, Va., May 3,
'63. Thomas C. Williams, promoted from ist sergt. to
2nd lieut. July i, '63; to ist lieut. July i, '63; to capt.
May 1, '64; discharged Sept. 21, '64, for wounds received
in action. First lieutenants — John ('. M'Laughlin, Sept.
)8, '61; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62;
promoted to capt. Company A i\Iay i,'63. William J.Wil-
liams, promoted from sergt. May i, '64; discharged Oct.
12, '64; veteran. Second lieutenant, Thomas Morton,
Sept. 18, '61; commissioned ist lieutenant Nov. 14, '62;
capt. April 17, '63; not mustered; discharged June 12,
'63. First sergeant, Aaron Henry, wounded at Charles
City Cross Roads June 30, '62, and at Bristoe Station,
Va., 'dy, discharged. Sergeants — John Boyd, died
at Alexandria, Va., Feb. 6, '62. David Reese,
discharged '63. James W. Esbach, died Aug. 4,
'62; buried in Cypress Hills cemetery, L. I. Edward
Reynolds, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63;
died July 3, of wounds received in action June 12, '64;
buried in National cemetery, Arlington, Va. Corporals —
Charles Morrison, transferred to Battery A 4th U. S.
artillery. James B. Murray, killed at Ream's Station,
Va., Aug. 25, '64. Stewart MTntosh, wounded at Ream's
Station, Va., Aug. 25, '64; promoted to ist sergt. Com-
pany I; veteran. \Villiam Gumbert, not accounted for.
l^enjamin Hackett, transferred to 4th U. S. Artillery '62.
William Nead, discharged. Anthony Ryemiller, killed
at Charles City Cross Roads, Va., June 30, '62, Musi-
cians — Daniel Dunn, discharged on surg's certificate
.\ug. '62, David Williams, discharged.
Privates. — William Aubrey, deserted Oct. 9, '61. James
Bell, wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62; dis-
charged. Patrick Boyle, transferred lo bat. A, 4th U. S.
art. Oct. I, '62. Aaron Breisch, discharged. John Bag-
ley, transferred to bat. A, 4th U. S. art. Oct. i, '62.
Hugh Blair, wounded; transferred to Company E; vet-
eran. James G. Brookmire, transferred to bat. A, 4th
U. S. art. William Brannon, wounded; discharged.
Martin Betz, died at Newport News, Va., Sept.. '62.
James Burns, Sept. 9, '61; deserted '64. William Casey,
died at Yorktown, Va., May 14, '62. John Clark, trans-
ferred to Company E; veteran. Patrick Cookley, trans-
ferred to 6th U. S. cav. Oct. i, '62. James Clark, dis-
charged, '63, for wounds received at Fair Oaks, Va., May
31, '62. James Cadden, w-ounded; discharged. Patrick
P. Coyle, deserted Feb. 11, '63. Elijah Cooper, Sept. 9,
"61; transferred to veteran reserve corps. William
Clemens, Sept. 9, '61; discharged, Patrick Donahue,
Sept. 9, '61; transferred to Company E; veteran.
John S. Duffy, transferred to band Nov. i, '61.
Jeremiah Delay; killed at Charl-js City Cross Roads, Va.,
June 30, '62. William Delanour; killed at Charles City
Cross Roads, Va., June 30, '62. Henry Doak; trans-
ferred to Company I. VV. H. H. Dctzvvorth; not ac-
counted for. David E. Davis; died at P^almouth, Va.,
Mar. II, '63. Jenkin Evans; discharged Sept., '63, for
wounds received at Charles City Cross Roads, Va., June
30, '62. Owen Edwards; transferred to veteran reserve
corps Apr., '63. William Eddie; Aug. 9, '62; not ac-
counted for. William Elliott; wounded at Charles City
Cross Roads, Va., June 30, '62; deserted '63. Owen
Fisher; captured; died at Richmond, Va., June 12, '64.
Michael Fritz; died July 7 of wounds received at Charles
City Cross Roads, ^'a., June 30, '62. Charles Fritz; dis-
charged Mar. I, '62. Patrick Fitzpatrick, Sept. 9, '61;
died near Petersburg, Va., Aug., '64. James Gienni;
died June 2, '63, of wounds received at Fredericksliurg,
Va., Dec. 13, '62. Patrick Gallagher, ist; wounded '62;
transferred to Company E. Patrick Golden; discharged
Mar. 25, '63, for wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, '62. Jonathan H. C;ombert; discharged for
wounds, with loss of leg, received at .Antietam, Md., Sept.
17, '62. John Goliny; not accounted for. Francis Gal-
lagher; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62;
not accounted for. Thomas Gallagher; promoted to 2nd
lieut. Company C May 19, '65; veteran. Patrick Galla-
gher, 2nd; discharged on surg's certificate Feb. 11, '63.
John Gallagher; discharged on surg's certificate, '63.
Edward Handline; discharged Aug. 25, '62, for wounds
received at Springfield Station, Va. John Henry; dis-
charged '62 for wounds received at White Oak Swamp, Va.
David Hughes; discharged Apr. 15, '63, for wounds re-
ceived at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62. Moses Hon-
ley; not accounted for. Jacob Hopple, Oct. 15, '61;
transferred to Company I Nov. i, '61. William Hewitt;.
discharged on surg's certificate June, '63. John T.
Joties; discharged for wounds received in '62. Charles
W. Jones; wounded at Charles City Cross Roads, Va.,
June 30, '62; transferred to veteran reserve corps. Janies
king; captured '64; exchanged; died. William Kiss-
ner; discharged for wounds received at Charles City
Cross Roads, Va., June 30, '62. James Kirk; discharged
Feb. 26, '63, for wounds received in action. William
Kane; not accounted for. Hugh Laughery; transferred
to Company E; veteran. John S. Lewis; discharged on
surg's certificate '63. Janies Laughery, Sept. 9, '61; died
May 18, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Court-
house May 12, '64. Robert Mackey; discharged Apr.,
'63. Thomas T. Morgan; prisoner from Oct. 14, '63, to
Mar. 4, '65; discharged Apr. 27, '65. Thomas Mullhall;
discharged for wounds received at Fair Oaks, Va., May
31, '62. John Manelis; not accounted for. John E.
Mears; wounded and captured June 30, '62. John Mil-
ler; transferred to Company I Nov. i, '61. Charles Mur-
phy; killed at Fredericksburg, Va.,'Dec. 13, '62. Thomas
H. Morgan; deserted Oct. 9, '61. James Murphy; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Feb., '63. Charles Morrison;
wounded; transferred to 4th U. S. artillery, '62. Daniel
M'Lean; discharged Aug., '62; Buck'n M'Mullin; de-
serted July 31, '62. Patrick M'Laughlin; killed at
Charles City Cross Roads, Va., June 30, '62. Daniel
M'Candless; discharged on surg's certificate, '63. Wil-
liam M'Kechney; transferred to Battery A, 5th \] . S. ar-
tillery, Oct. I, '62. John M'Fadden, Aug. 6, '62; de-
serted Jan. 12, '63. John M'Nally, Aug. [6, '61; dis-
charged on surg's certificate, Mar. 1, '63. John
Newton; wounded June 30, '62; not accounted fur.
John O'Donnell; killed at Malvern Hill, Va., July i, '6?,
Alfred Overolester; not accounted for. John Parker;
mustered out with company June 29, '65. John Phillips;
deserted Oct. 9, '61. David Powell; wounded May 12,
'64; discharged. Howell Pugh; deserted Oct. 7, '61.
William Quigley; wounded ^Lay 12, '64; discharged.
John ()uigley; discharged for wounds received in action.
John Radcliff; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63.
Thomas Reese; transferred to veteran reserve corps, '63.
Austin Riley; deserted Oct. 7, '61. Andrew Rodgers;
killed at Charles City Cross Roads, Va., June 30, '62.
Thomas Robinson; wounded, with loss of leg, at Cold
Harbor, Va., June 3, '64; discharged. David Reese; dis-
charged for wounds received in action. Robert Roberts;
transferred to Com|jany E. Ernest Stutz; deserted Oct.
3, '61. \Villiam Swope; transferred to Company I Nov.
I, '6t. Richard Swift; died July 2. '62. Alexander
Snedden; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July, '63; dis-
charged. Vivian Stevens; discharged on surg's certifi-
cate Sept. 29, '62. John Sheridan; transferred to Bat-
tery A, 4th U. S. artillery. Philip Thomas; wounded at
Gettysburg, Pa., July, '63 ; discharged. William T.
ir
COMl'ANV K, KIC.Il IN -FIRST KKOIMENT.
'49
'I"homas; discharged on siirg's certificate. John Vaughn;
discharged on surg's certificate '63. Hiigii Williamson;
l;illed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62. Christian
Wall; wounded, with loss of arm, at Charles City Cross
Roads, Va., June 30, '62; discharged Oct. '63. William
H. Vundt; not accounted for. F,. Zimmerman; killed at
Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62.
COMPANY K.
The date of muster-in is given ne.xt to the name; where
there is no further remark, the man was "not accounted
for " in the final record of the company.
Officers. — Captains — Charles E. Foster, Aug. 27, '61;
resigned July 9, '62. Cyrus W. Straw, Oct. 27, '6i; pro-
moted from ist lieut May i, '63; discharged June 20, '63.
James M'Kinley, Oct. 27, '61; promoted from corp. to
2nd lieut. Sept. I, '63; to ca|)t. Apr. 22, '64; resigned
June 4, '65. First lieutenants — Alonzo F^. Bennett, Oct.
27, '61; promoted from ist sergt. July 13, '63; transferred
to veteran reserve corps Oct. 12, '63. Peter Dougherty
Oct. 27, '61; promoted from ist sergt. to 2nd lieut. Oct,
3, '64; to ist lieut. Oct. 30, '64; discliarged Apr. 16, '65;
veteran. Second lieutenants — William Belford, (Jet. 27,
'61; discharged May 7, '63. Emanuel C. Hoover, Oct.
27, '61; promoted from sergt. June 6, '64; killed at
Ream's Station, Va., Aug. 25, '64; veteran. Washing-
ton Setzer, Oct. 27, '61; promoted from ist sergt. Feb.
18, '65; resigned May 27, '65; veteran. John Oraham,
Sept. 24, '61; promoted from ist sergt. com[iany B, June
16, '65; \eteran. First sergeant, Ale.xander ' Kocher,
Oct. 27, '61; promoted to sergt. Nov. i, '64; wounded
Apr. 7, '65; absent at muster out; veteran. Sergeants —
James Carrol, Dec. 23, '63; ])romoted to sergt. Mar. i,
'65; veteran, Wm. Callaghan, Mar. 2, '64; captured at
Spottsylvania C. H., \'a., May '64; promoted to sergt.
^Iay I, '65. Conrad Hock, Oct. 27, '61; discharged;
veteran. William Richards, Oct. ^7, '61; killed at Farm-
ville, \'a., Apr. 7, '65; veteran. John Williamson, Oct.
27, 61. Archibald Gilmore, Oct. 27, '61. Corporals —
Joseph Eshenbrenner, Aug. 24, '64; substitute; jjromoted
to corp. Mar. i, '65. John W. Hammer, Aug. 23, '64;
substitute; discharged June 1, '65. John H. Painter,
Aug. 22, '64; substitute; discharged June i, '65. Reuben
Andy, Oct 27, '61; transferred to veteran reserve corps;
discharged on surg's certificate. May 11, '65; veteran.
Michael Carrol, Oct. 27, '61; died June 14, "64. Noah
Moyer, Feb. 9, 64; wounded in action; discharged May
31, '65. John Patton. Oct. 27, '61. James VVest, Oct.
27, '61; died June 11, '64. Charles W. Fellows, Oct. 27,
'61; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62. John
Bantz, Oct. 27, "61. William Powell, Oct. 27, '61.
William Klinger, Oct. 27, '61. Musicians — John Haney,
Jan. 7, '65; mustered out with company June 29, '65.
Henry Straw and Michael O'Donnell, Oct. 27, '61; not
accounted for.
Piiviitcs. — George Austin, Sept. 22, '64; never joined
company. William Aubrey, Aug. 22, '61; transferred to
Company H. Jose|)h Acker, Oct. 27, '61. Abraham
Andreas, '62; discharged in June, '65. John Andreas,
'62; died at Falmouth, Va., Dec:., '62. George Bond,
Dec. 23, '63; wounded, date unknown; veteran. Henry
Brunner, July 9, '65; mustered out with company June
29. '65. John Beckhart, Aug. 26, '64; never joined com-
pany. John Britt and Hugh Boyle, Mar. 28, '64; mus-
tered out with company June 29, '65. Edward Buming-
hoff, Mar. 2, '64; missing in action June 3, '64. Adolph
Becker, .\ug. 17, '64; substitute. Joseph Brooks, Oct.
27, '61. Frederick Bloom, Oct. 27, '61; died May
4, '63. Wilson Beers and I.orin H. Butts, Oct. 27,
'61. John Brindle, Oct. 27, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate in '63. Joseph C'onnelly, Mar. 30, "64; dis-
charged by general order May 16, '65. David Crawford,
Alfred Cool. Nathan Culp anci Michael Conner, Oct. 27,
'61. James Carty, Apr. 13. '64. John Deal, died June 6, '64,
Benjamin F. Davis, Oct. 27, '61; died at Portsmouth
Grove, R. I.. Aug. 15, "62. George W. Dreisbach. Oct.
27, '61. George Detwilcr, Oct. 27, '61. John Dougherty,
Oct. 27, '61; discharged on surg's certificate. Francis
Eisele, Aug. 10, '64; substitute; mustered out with com-
pany June 29, '65. Joseph F'ritzinger, Oct. 27, "61;
mustered out with company June 29, '65; veteran. Mich-
ael Farley, Mar. 2, '64; mustered out with company June
29, '65. Daniel Fisher, Aug. 22, '64; substitute; absent,
wounded, at muster out. John C. Fisher, Aii^. 22, '64;
substitute; deserted June 14, '65. Abram F'ellon; died;
date unknown. Robert T. F'arrow, Aug. 6, '62; dis-
charged by general order June i, '65. John C. Fritz,
Oct. 27, '61; discharged on surg's certificate '63. Thomas
Felton, Oct. 27, '61. William Graham and John H. Green,
Sept. 13, '64; never joined company. Philip Gallagher,
Oct. 27, '61. Qennis Gallagher, Oct. 27, '61; killed at
Antietam, Md.. Sept. 17, '62. Joseph Hayman. Aug. 24,
'64; substitute; absent, sick, at muster out. David Henry,
Mar. 2, '64; mustered out with company June 29, '65.
William Hardy, Sept. 27, '64; never joined company.
John Hart, Sept. 14, '64; never joined company. George
Helfridge, Sept. 27, '64; never joined company. William
Hobson, July 16, '64; substitute; mustered out with com-
pany June 29, '65. Redman Hurley, Sept. 24, '64; dis-
charged June I, '65. John Hughes, Sept. 13, '64; dis-
charged June I, '65. Charles Hanning, Oct. 27, '61 ;
promoted to sergt. Company I F'eb. 6, '65: veteran.
James Hammond, ("ondy Hagerty, Samuel Henry and
Lewis Hopkins, Oct. 27, '61; not accounted for. James
Johnson, Aug. 15, '64; substitute; discharged June i,
'65. Isaac Kenvin, Oct. 27, '61; wounded June 3, '64;
absent at muster out; veteran. Edward Klinetop, Dec.
23, '63; mustered out with company June 29, '65; vet-
eran. James M. Kresge, Dec. 11, '61; deserted; return-
ed; discharged June 3, '65. Charles Kelly and Stephen
Koons, Mar. 2, '64; mustered out with com))any June
29, '65. John Rlotz, Mar. 2, '64; absent, sick, at muster
out. Samuel Kuchner, May 3, '64; mustered out with
company June 29, '65. James K. Kurtz, Aug. 22, '64;
I substitute; discharged June i, '65. Martin Karchner,
Barney Kelley and David Kloss, Oct. 27, '61; not
accounted for. Thomas Lutz, '61; died '62. Jesse
Lines, Oct. 27, '61; not accounted for. Penrose Lowers,
Oct. 27, '61 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house,
Va., May 12, '64. Otmar Miller, Aug. 11, '64; substitute;
absent, sick, at muster out. Michael Mullherron, Mar.
2, '64; wounded May 8, '64; absent at muster out.
George Mur[)hy, Sept. 20, '64; never joined company.
Jacob Miller, Aug. 26, '64; discharged. George W.
Miller, Sept. 24, '64, and Samuel Miller, Aug. 26, '64;
discharged June i, '65. William Morgan, Oct. 27, '61;
died July 26, '64. John-B. ^Lliger,died at Philadelphia,
Pa., May g, '65. William Magee, Oct. 27, '61; not
accounted for. William Meckus, Oct. 27, '61; deserted
'62. Joseph Matthews, Oct 27, '61; killed at Fred-
ericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62. Henry .Martin, '64;
discharged June '65. Robert M'.Murray, Mar. 23, '64;
mustered out with company June 29, '65. F'rancis
M'Kensay, Sept. 12, '64, and James .M'Carron, Aug.
6, '62; discharged June i, '65. Peter M'Gcc,
Oct. 27, '61; promoted to ist sergt. Company
A.; veteran. Dennis Northstein, Mar. 2, '64; mus-
tered out with company, June 29, '65. Francis O'Brien,
Sept. 27, '64; never joined company. L)avid O'Connor,
Oct. 27, '61; not accounted for. Charles I'olland and
Morris Quinn, Sept. 27, 64; never joined company. Manas-
'5°
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
sell Roat, Mar. 3, '64; niiistered out with comj)any June
29, '65. Patrick Reiley, Feo. 6, '64, and William Riitt-
man, Mar. 2, '64; never joined company. John Rntter,
Aug. 27, '64; discharged June i, '65. John Rhyne; killed
at Farmville, Va., Apr. 7, "65. Daniel Raver, Oct. 27, '61;
discharged. Penrose Sowers, Mar. 9, '64; missing in
actional Spottsylvania Court-house May 12, '64. Jona-
than Smith, Mar. 9, '64; absent, sick, at muster out. John
B.Smith, Feb. 10, '64; missing in action at Ream's Sta-
tion, Va., Aug. 25, '64. Aaron Slahr, Mar. 2, '64; mus-
tered out with company, June 29, '65. Antonie Shaugh,
Feb. 10, '64; missing in action at Ream's Station, Va.,
Aug. 25, '64. John Smith, Sept. 20, '64. and Patrick
Sharkee, Sept. 15, '64; never joined company. Edward
Steinbrick, Aug. 17, '64; substitute; wounded March 25,
'65; discharged June 23, '65. John Sweeney, Sept. 24,
'61; captured; died at Salisbury, N. C, Nov. 27, '64.
John G. Satorious, Aug. 6, '62; discharged June i, '65
Alexander Stetler, Oct. 27, '61; died. Samuel Shafer,
Oct. 27, '61; discharged. John Stein, Oct. 27, '61 ; de-
serted, '62. Henry Shafer and Henry Schleppy, Oct 27,
'61; not accounted for. A. Shoepp, Oct. 27, '61; dis-
charged on surg's certificate, '62. Charles Thurbur, Mar.
30, '64; absent, sick, at muster out. Burton Tubbs, Oct.
27, '61; not accounted for. George K. Wilkins, Mar. 30,
'64; absent, wounded, at muster out. Henry Whipple,
Mar. 2, '64, absent, sick, at muster out. William Wal-
lace. Sept. 22, '64, and George Ward, Sept. 15, '64;
never joi'ned company. William Williams, Sept. 24, '64;
discharged June i, '65. Christian Wolfe, Aug. 22, '64;
substitute; discharged June i, '65. Daniel Washburn,
Aug. 6, '62; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13,
'62; discharged June i, '65. Edward Willis, Oct. 15, '61;
discharged Nov. 22, '64. David D. Wilson and William I.
Worrell, Oct. 27, '61. James S. Wells, Oct. 27, '61; died
Feb. 20, '63. James Washburn, '62; died. W. S. Walter,
'64; discharged June, '65. Henry Zigler, Aug. 16, '64;
substitute; mustered out with company June 29, '65. Paul
Zollinger, Mar. 2, '64; missing in action at Spottsylvania
Court-house, Va., May 12, '64.
NINETY-SECOND
REGIMENT
ALRY).
(NINTH CAV-
This organization, which at first was called the Lochiel
Cavalry, was recruited during the summer of 1861. It
consisted of twelve companies, of which Company D was
recruited in Luzerne, and Companies K and L were com-
posed in part of men fr<jm that county. Its colonel, E.
C. Williams, of Harrisburg, was a veteran of the Me,\ican
war. Leaving on the 20th of November, the regiment
moved via Pittsburg to Louisville, Ky.; reported to Gen-
eral Buell and went into camp at Jeffersonville, Ind.
By severe drill and discipline the men had become fitted
for the field by the next January, and accordingly the
regiment was ordered to the front on Greene river. When
thearmy advanced against Johnston this regiment remained
in Kentucky by request of the Legislature and citizens.
In March, 1862, it went to Tennessee, where its three
battalions were stationed at different points, and the third
battalion first met the enemy on the 4th of May, at Leb-
anon, where a brilliant victory was achieved over Mor-
gan. It again attacked and beat him on the 14th of the
same month, at Spring Creek. It was engaged at Moore's
Hill on the 6th of June, and at Tompkinsville on the 9th
of July.
In August the battalions were united, and the regiment
was engaged in scouting and protecting the people in Ken-
tucky against Morgan's guerillas. It had several en-
counters with the enemy during the retreat of the Union
army from Richmond, Ky. Afterward, at the battle of
Perryville, it did excellent service, losing ten killed and
twenty-seven wounded. For its gallantry in this action
it was complimented by General Buell. It received fresh
horses, and in December went on a raid in Tennessee to
destroy railroad communication with Richmond. After
crossing the mountains and swimming rivers it readied
the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, vanquished the de-
fending forces, and destroyed the bridges at Watauga and
Holston rivers, and returned to Kentucky, reaching
Nicholasville January 13, 1863, two-thirds of the men be-
ing dismounted. It went to Louisville; thence to Nash-
ville, where it was remounted. In February it went to
Franklin, where with about three hundred Michigan cav-
alry it confronted a large rebel force during more than
two weeks, making various attacks daily and thus deceiv-
ing the enemy concerning the strength of the opposing
force; and finally, when a division of Union troops was
captured at Thompson's Station it brought back to Frank-
lin the baggage train, artillery and wounded of the army
and more than two hundred prisoners.
Its next campaign was against Bragg in Tennessee, and
it was engaged at Rover, Middleton, Shelbyville, Elk
river. Cowan, Lafayette, Ga., and at Chickamauga. For
its gallant conduct at this battle it was complimented by
General Thomas. During the winter of 1863 and 1864 it
did duty in East Tennessee, and was in action at Dan-
bridge, New Market, Mossy Creek and Fair Garden. It
re-enlisted, received a furlough, was recruited to full
strength, and returned to the field in May, 1864. While
waiting at Louisville for horses and arms, the regiment,
armed with common muskets and mounted on horses
seized for the purpose, went against Morgan and defeated
his scheme for cutting communication between Sherman
and his base of supplies.
In September it went to Chattanooga, and thence
across the mountain to Murfreesboro and Readyviile
where it attacked and defeated a portion of the rebel
Wheeler's command, taking about three hundred. The
enemy was pursued and finally driven to the mountains.
The regiment joined the army of Sherman, and on the
14th of November started with it on its march to the sea,
under the command of General Kilpatrick. On the i6th
it was in action at Lovejoy's Station. It was afterward
during this march engaged at Macon, Bear Creek,
Duanesboro and Buckhead Creek, in all of which the
enemy's force, though superior, was beaten. After
reaching Savannah, the cavalry in January, 1865, started
through the Carolinas, and in its progress was engaged
near Aiken, and at Black Stake's Station in South Caro-
lina, and at Averysboro, Bentonville, — near Raleigh, —
Hillsboro and Morrisville. This concluded the fighting
of the war. The 9th had the honor of furnishing an
escort for General Sherman when he went to negotiate
with Johnston the terms of surrender.
4
«#*♦
4*
OFFICKKS ()1
III', NINTH CAN AI.RN-COMI'ANN' I).
The following lists of [lorlions of this regimt-iU in
which Luzerne county was represented contain (inimedi-
alely after the names^ the dates of nuister-in and subse-
()iient records of the nun here enrolled. Each man,
unless otherwise stated, was mustered out with his regi-
nient or company jidy i8th, 1865.
F 11: 1.1) .AND SIAH OKKiei'KS.
Coloiic/s. — Edward C. Williams, Nov. 21, '61; resigned
Oct. 9, '62. Thomas f. James, Nov. 10, '61; promoteil
from lieut. col. Oct. 14, '62; died at Philadelphia Jan.
1,5. '63. Thomas J. Jordan, Oct. 22, '61: prisoner from
luly 9, to Dec. 9, '62; promoted from niaj. Jan. 13, 'by.
brev. brig. gen. Feb 25, "65.
Lictitenaiit Colonels. — Oeorge H. Brown, Nov. 21, '61;
|)romoted from maj. Jan. 13, '63; resigned Feb. 12, '63.
Roswell M. Russell, Nov. 21, '61; promoted from maj.
Mar. 19, '63; resigned Nov. r, '63. Edward (i. Savage.
Oct. 7, '61; promoted from rapt. Company H to maj.
Mar. 19, '63; to lieut. col. May 30, '64; resigned Sept.
26. '64. David H. Kimmel, Oct. 29, '6i; promoted from
capt. Comi)any H to maj. May 22, '63; lieut. col. Dec.
17, '64.
Majors. — Griflfith Jones, Oct. 3, '61; promoted from
capt. Coinpany A Jan. 13, '63; resigned Dec. 2, '63.
John S. Detweiler, Oct. 17, '61; promoted from cajit.
Company E March 19, '63; resigned April 21, '63.
Charles A. Appel, Oct. 3, '61; promoted from capt. Com-
p.my F Aug. 23, '64: cajjlured at Solemn Grove, N. (".,
Mar. 10, '65; discharged by special order May 25, 'O5.
William H. I.ongsdorf, Oct. 26, '61; promoted from capt.
Company I Aug. 23, '64; discharged by special order
Jan. 10, '65. John M. Porter, Nov. 22, '61; promoted
from capt. Company C Dec. 17, '64; resigned May 30,
'65. J. Frank Miller, Oct. 7, '61; promoted from ca|)t.
Company K June 23, '65.
Adjutant. — Thomas A. Nicholas, Nov. 21, '61; promo-
ted from ist lieut. Company K May 22, '63; discharged
by special order June 3, '65.
Qiiartei masters. — William H. Eckles, Oct. 17, '61;
transferred to Company E as ist lieut. William D. Ear-
nest, Nov. 23, '61; resigned Nov. 10, '62. Eugene S.
Hendrick, Dec. 9. '61; promoted from 1st lieut. Com-
pany A May 22, '63.
Commissary Sergeant. — Thomas J. Foose, Oct. 3, '61;
j)romoted from sergt. Company A May. 22, '63.
Surgeons. — Oscar M. Robbins, Nov. 4, '61; resigned
.\ug. 1, '64. S. C. Walker, Aug. 4, '62; ])ronioted from
ass't surg. Aug. 22, '64.
Assistant Surgeons. — John M. Junkin. Nov. 4, '61; jiro-
moted to surg. 56th Pa., Oct. i, '62. Rhodes S. Sutton,
Mar. 17, '63; resigned January 5, '64. James Moore,
Sept. 8, '64: wounded at Raleigh, N. C, Apr. 12, '65;
discharged by special order May 27, "65. William Rice,
Apr. 9, '65.
Chaplains. — Edmund M'Kinney, Nov. 22, '61 ; resigned
July 26, '64.
Vete' inary Surgeons. — Charles W. Sherman, Dec. 9, '61 ;
I)roiTioted from private Company E Jan. 23, '65. D. L.
Echterndch, Dec. 9, '61; discharged on surg's certificate
Nov. 25, '63.
Sergeant Majors. — Cyrus S. Marks, Oct. 7, '61; jiromo-
ted from ])rivate ('ompany BJuly i,'64: veteran. I. Lloyd,
Jan. 10, '62; ])romoted from private Company I Jan. 10.
'62: lieut. Company L Apr. 3, '62. Charles Coglizer.
Nov. 14, '61; promoted from 1st sergt. Company L Apr.
8, '62; 2nd lieut. Company C August 8, '62. Nathan \V.
Horton, Oct. 29, '61; i>romoted Irom sergt. Conijjany H
Aug. 8, '61; 2nd lieut. Company C May 22, '65. Isaar D.
froin
'61 ; not
'61; nro-
Peicr A.
Landis, Oct. 29, '61 ; promoted from sergt. Coni|)any H
May 23, "63; 2nd lieut. Company H July 1, '64; veteran.
Marshall H. Lentz, Nov. 21, '61: promoted from Q. NL
sergt. to 2nd liei'.t. Comijany H. June 7, '62.
{iuartermaster Sergeants. — Helirv Kroh, Oct. 3, '61;
))romoted from sergt. Con pany A Fel>. 24, '64; veteran.
.\ugiistus L. Krom. Oct. 26, '61: discharged on surg"s
certificate Dec. 5, 63. Thoph's J. Mount/, Oct. 29, '61;
promoted from ist sergt. Company H June 7, '62; and
lieut. Company E .Aug 8, '62.
Cowniissaiy .SV/x(-<;///i. — Richard !•'. Marl/, Oct. 7, '61.
|)romoted from sergt. Company H May 20, '65; veteran;
John W. Wyeth, Oct. 17, '61; promoted from priv. Com-
pany E Jan. I, '64; 2nd lieut. I'ompany L June 30, '64;
veteran. Jacob Coller, Oct. 17. '61; promoted from
sergt. Company E June 1, '64; ist lieut. Com|)any E
May 19, '65; veteran. David W. Miller, Oct. 3, '61:
transferred to Comf)any A June i r, '63.
Hospital Stewari/s. — Jacob F. Day, May 27, '64; pro-
moted from priv. ("ompanv H May 28, '64. .Augustus
Ebert, Oct. 3, "61; promoted from priv. Company A
Jan. I, '65; veteran. Napoleon Saulnier, Nov. 23, '6i:
discharged Dec. 24, '64.
SaJdler. — Henry Messner, Oct. 7, 61; promoted
saddler Company B Jan. 13, '65; veteran.
Wagon Master. — Samuel Hogdon, Nov. 21
accounted for.
Chief Buglers. — S. Kingsborough. Oct. 26.
moted from bugler Company I Jan. 1, '64.
Mowers, Nov. 20, '61; discharged on : urg's cerlifica'e
Nov. 25, '63. Hampton C. Stevens, Oct. 17, "61; pro-
moted from Company E; discharged on surg's certificate
Nov. 14, '62.
COMH.\N^ 1 1.
This company was recruited in Luzerne county. !K
large proportion of its members were mustered in on the
15th of October, 1861. and to avoid rei)etiiion that date
is omitted.
Offieers. — Captains — Jacob Berlles; resigned Aug. 7,
'62. Michael O'Reilly; promoted from 1st. lieut. Aug.
8, '62. 1st lieuts. — George Smith; promoted from 2nd
lieut. Sept. 8, '62; capt. Coinpany L Sept. 1. "63. Christo-
pher Walthers; promoted 2nd lieut. from Company L
May 30, '64. 2iid lieuts. — Louis Praeiorius; resigned
Oct. 31, '62. David R. P. Barry; Oct. 24, '61; i)romoted
from sergt. Company M May 22, '63; resigned July 24,
'64 Frederick Smith; promoted from ist sergt. NLtv iq,
'65; veteran. 1st seigt. — Jacob Hassler; promoted from
sergt. May 20, '65; veteran. Q. M. sergt. — John
Sorber; promoted Q. M. sergt. Jan. 1, '64; veteran:
Sergts. — Cornelius Reilly. Benjamin Dunn, William H.
Lape and William T. Smith; promoted sergts. Jan. i, '64;
veterans, I'hilip Rineman; promoted sergt. Jan. 1, '65.
veteran. James Brady; promoted sergt. May 20, "65:
veteran. Joseph Byrne ; discharged Dec. 24, '64.
Elijah Conner; discharged on surg's certificate
Feb. 15, '64. John D. Sutliff; discharged on surg's
certificate May 10, '62. Frederick C.ick: died at
Franklin, Tenn., May 3, '63. Corps.— Bernhard
Lehni, Oct. 31, '61: promoted corp. Jan. i, '64; ab-
sent in hospital at muster out; veteran. Adam Fralev:
l)romoted corp. May 1, '64; prisoner from Oct. 1 2, '64.
to Apr. 29, '65; veteran. Thomas J.Turpin, O.t.31,'61;
promoted corp. May i,'64; veteran. Joseph Siitig; jiro
moted corp. Jan. 1, '65: veteran. Sylvester Musters;
promoted corp. Jan. i, '64; veteran. .Mexander Keith-
line; promotecj corp. May 20, '65; veteran. .Vbr.ihani
Fraenihal; discharged Dec. 24, '64. William Fleshman;
discharged on surg's certificate Aug. 22, '62. George
'I
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
Fritz; discharged on surg's certifcate May 3, '63. James
Peters; discharged June 12, '65; veteran. John Reilly;
captured Aug. 26, '62; prisoner from Oct. 12, '64, to .Apr.
21, '65; discharged June 15 to date May 19, '65; vete
ran. John IJowman, Sept. 8, '62; transferred to veteran
reserve corps July 30, '63. Frederick Schnellnach, Oct.
31, '61; transferred to veteran reserve corps Nov, 15,
'63. Bugler.s — Frederick Koppler; promoted bugler Oct.
31, '64; veteran. Lewis Hetchler; promoted bugler Jan.
I, '65; veteran. John Bertles; discharged on surg's cer-
tificate Feb. 15, '64. Saddlers — Michael Long, SejJt. 22,
'64; discharged May 29, '65. Jacob Young, Oct. 31, '61;
killed at .Averysboro, N. C. Mar. 16, '65. Farriers —
(leorge Obitz; prisoner from Sept. 10, '64, to Mar. 15,
'65; discharged June 12, '65; veteran. Simon Shoe-
maker; died at Stevenson, Ala., Oct. 5, '63. Blacksmiths
— Jacob Liddick, Aug. 31, '64; discharged May 29, '65.
Isaiah Vandermark; discharged Mar. 24, '64.
Privates. — William W. Allen, Oct. 31, '61; veteran.
Jacob Andrew, May 26, '64. Stephen Allen, Dec. 31,
'61; discharged on surg's certificate Dec. 20, '62. Den-
nison Arnold; discharged on surg's certificate June 10,
'64. James Atherton; discharged on surg's certificate
Aug. 22, '62. F^dward Avery, Sept. 8, '62; discharged
May 29, '65. John Bauer, Mar. 27, '64. James Boyd;
veteran. Thomas Boyd; captured Sept. 17, '63; died at
Andersonville, Ga., May 23, '64. Joseph Burns, Oct. 13,
'64; discharged July 7, '65. Noah Brinly, Sept. 29, '64;
discharged May 29, '65. fohn Brnombauch, Sept. 2, '64;
discharged May 29, '65. Martin Burst, Mar. i, '62; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Mar. II, '65. L. Barden-
merper, Nov. 13, '61; killed accidentally at Lebanon, Ky.,
Dec. 6. '62. William Bauers, Jan. 8, '64; killed near Winns-
boro, S. C, Feb. 21, '62. John Batherton; deserted June
2, '62. August Baker; deserted June 12, '62. George
Bowman; deserted Jan. 20. '63. Samuel Crook, May 28,
'64. James Coleman, Oct. 4, '64; never joined com-
pany. Thomas Cook; discharged May 29, '65. James
Coursen; transferred to veteran reserve corps Apr. 15,
'64. James Croop; died at Jeffersonville, Ind., Jan. 13,
'62. Jonathan Croop; died at Litchfield, Ky.. Mar. 22,
'62. James Dowlingly, Oct. 28, '64; never joined com-
pany. Charles Deetz, May 27, '64; prisoner from Oct.
12, '64, to Apr. 28, '65; discharged June 7, to date May
18, '65. Ira Durland; discharged on surg's certificate
Mar. I, 'C4. John Dowling, Sept. 8, '62; wounded at
Avervsboro, N. C, May 16, '65; discharged May 29, '65.
Thomas Dumm, Sei)t. 2, '64; prisoner from Oct. 12, '64,
to Apr. 28, '65; di.-charged June 5, to date May 18, '65.
John Delany; transferred to Co. K Dec. 9, '61. Solomon
Dunkle, Sept. 22, '64; killed near Winnsboro, S. C, Feb. 12,
'65. George W. Eslinger, F"eb. 2, '64; never joined com|)any.
John English, Oct. 26, '63. Jose|)h W. Evitts, Sept. 22,
'64; died at Savannah, Ga., Jan. 10, '65. William H.
P"isher, Oct. i, '64; discharged July 18, '65. James Far-
rell, Sept. 8, '62; discharged May 29, '65. Samuel S.
F'astnacht, Mar. 24, '64; discharged on surg's ce.rtificate
May 8, '65. Frederick Fritz, Sept. 15, '64; discharged
May 29, '65. John Farron; deserted Oct. 7, '63. R.
Fenstermacher; deserted Oct. 7, '63. Lewis Foust; de-
serted Jan. 14, '62. Franklin Frazer; deserted Sept. 14,
'62. Reed Ciarringer, June 28, '63. Noah Grimley,
Sept. 24, "64; never joined company. (Jeorge Gettis,
May 27, '64; discharged May 31, '65, David Gracey,
Sept. 22, '64; discharged May 29, '65. Isaac Grace,
Sept. 22, '64; discharged May 29, '65. Jacob George;
discharged on surg's certificate Nov. 6, '62. George
Grukey, Nov. 13, '61; deserted Nov. 14, '61. Valentine
Hass, May 27, '64. Anthony Haake. Oct. 24, '64. John
F. Hanle, Oct. 5, '64; substitute; discharged Aug. 20,
'65. Granville Harper, June 10, '64. Frank Helmans;
veteran. Frederick Hauss, Nov. i,, '61; veteran.
Henry Holsclaw, Aug. 8, '64. Henry H. Hand, Aug. 18,
'64; wounded at Avervsboro, N. C, Mar. (6, '65; dis-
charged May 29, '65. W. J. Hartzell, Oct. 12. '63; dis-
charged Aug. 14, '65. Jacob Haynes, Sept. 22, '64; dis-
charged May 29, '65. Edward Hughes, Sept. 28, '62;
prisoner from Mar. 3 to Apr. 2, '65; discharged June 12,
'65. Anthony Heredo; discharged Dec. 24, '64. Nathan
Herrick; killed at Lafayette, Ga., Oct. 12, '64; veteran.
Wilson Haynes, Sept. 22, '64; died at Phihideli)hia, Pa.,
May 12, '65. William H. Haynes; deserted July 24, '64.
Daniel Inord, June 8, '64; transferred to ist regiment
Maryland cavalry, Oct. 22, '64. Jackson Jennings, Dec.
29, '64; absent, sick, at muster out. Lewis R. Jones,
Mar.' r, '64; killed at Lafayette, Ga., Oct. 12, '64.
Zacharias Jones, Mar. 15, '62; died at Louisville, Ky.,
Jime 15, '63. Charles Klein, May 27, '64; prisoner from
Oct. 12, '64, to May 2, '65; discharged July 17, '65.
Patrick Knole, veteran. John Kepperle, Sej^t. 12, '64;
discharged May 29, '65. Charles Ketchen; discharged
May 29, '65. George Keller, Oct. 31, '61; discharged
Dec. 24, '64. Frank B. Kinneard, Sept. 17, '64; dis-
charged June 23, '65. Hugh G. Krise, Sept. 2, '64;
discharged May 29, '65. Charles Kaiser, Oct. i, '62;
cnpturt'd; died, '64. Lewis Kern; died at Nashville,
Tenn, Oct. 7, '63. Jacob Keller, Nov. 13, '61; deserted
Nov. 14, '61. John Kennedy; deserted May 25, '65.
Jo.ieph Keller; deserted. John Lutz, veteran. John
Lyons, Oct. 23, 61; discharged Dec. 24. '64. Michael
Leonard; transferred to Company K Oct. 20, '6/ . An-
drew Lape; died at Springfield, Tenn., Apr. 16, '62.
Frederick Loeffler; died at Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 25, '61.
James Murrell, Sept. 7, '64; never joined company.
William Masters; prisoner from Dec. 4, '64, to Mar. i,
'65; discharged June 12, '65; veteran. Frederick Miller;
discharged Dec. 24, '64. Vinzenz Munzer; prisoner
from Oct. 12, '64, to Apr. 28, '65; discharged June 7 to
date May 18,. '65; veteran. Daniel Masaker, Mar. i, '64;
killed at Lafayette, Ga., Oct. 12, '64. William Madden,
Oct. 31, '61; deserted Sept. 14, '62. Alexander Mor-
rison. Apr. 25, '64; not on muster out roll. John M'Gee,
veteran. Anthony B. M'Curdy, Sept. 22, '64; discharged
May 29, '65. Abner M'Donald, Sept. 2, '64; discharged
May 29, '65. John M'Donnall; discharged Jan. 31, '62.
Joseph M'Donnall ; discharged on surg's certificate
Sept. 25, '64. Thomas M'CUisky; discharged Dec.
24, '64. Thomas M'Crey; deserted July i, '62. Peter
Newhard; deserted Jan. 10, '26; returned Aug. '63.
Michael Neil, Sept. 22, '64; discharged July 28, to date
July 18, '65. John Obel; discharged on surg's certificate
Nov. 6, '62. John Obitz; not on muster out roll. Ran-
dolph L. Pease, Oct. 31, '61; veteran. Patrick Paul,
Mar. 30, '64. John Piles, Sept. 22,' 64; discharged May
29, '65. Harvey Remington, Dec. 29, '64. Isaiah Reechy,
Sept. 28, '64; discharged May 29, '65. George Rice;
discharged Oct. 26, '64. James Raub; discharged on
surg's certificate June 5, '65. James Reilly, Sept. 8, '62;
transferred to veteran reserve corps Dec. 20, '63. Loren-
zo Reilly, Oct. 31, '61; died at Stevenson, Ala., Oct. 7,
'63. John Ryan, Sept. 22, '64; died near Columbia, S.
C, Feb. 18, '65. Lorenzo Ruggles; deserted Sept. 14,
'62. Henry Royce. Oct 5, '64; deserted Apr. 12, '65.
William Snyder, June 28, '63; discharged Aug. 26, '65.
ISloomfield Sutliff; absent, sick, at muster out; veteran.
Stephen H. Sutliff, May 27, '64. James Stevenson, Feb.
2, '64. Nathan Sharp and John Smith, Sept. 22, '64;
discharged May 29, '65. Theodore Snyder and Daniel
Sorber, Sept. 8, '62; discharged May 29, 'G^'. John Stew-
art, Sept. 22, '64; discharged May 29, '65. William H.
Stout, Mar. 22, '64; wounded at Averysboro, N. C, Mar.
16, '65; discharged on surg's certificate May 20, '65.
Jacob Shelter, Sept. 22, '64; discharged on siirg's
certificate May 31, '65; d'ed at Wihiiington, N. C.
Henry Shwei/.er, May 27, '64; prisoner from Oct. 12,
'64, to Apr. 21, '65; discharged June 15, to date iMay
19, '65. Hernion Searles; discharged on siirg's certifi-
cate Aug. 22, '62. Natlian Sorl)er, Sept. 8, '62; trans-
ferred to veteran reserve corps Dec. 20, '63. John
Scott; killed at Bowling Green, Ky., June i, '62.
Charles Shultze; died at Springfield, Tenn., Apr.
10, '62. Franklin Snyder; deserted Sept. 14, '62.
William Smith, May 27, '64; deserted Oct. 20, '64. E/.ra
'I'ooney, Oct. 8, '64. William Thomas; discharged on
surg's certificate Aug. 22, '62. William 'I'hompson, May
31, '64; killed at Lafayette, Oa., Oct. 12, '64. James
Tliearney; died at Evansville, Ind., June 10, '63. Patrick
Tye, Sept. 8, '62; died at Stevenson, Ala., Sept. 30, '63.
Henry Walters, Feb. 2, '64. Edward and William Wal-
ters, Feb. 2, '64: alisent on detached service at muster
out. Albert Williams, Feb. 2, '64; wounded at Averys-
boro, N. C, Mar. 16, '65. Joseph Wagner, Oct. 31, '61;
discharged Dec. 24, '64. Nathan Walp, Sept. 15, '64,
Thomas Williams, Sept. 8, '62, and George Winerman.
Sept. 22, '64; discharged May, 29, '65. William Waddcl,
Sept. 8, '62; transferred to veteran reserve corps Dec.
25, '63. Peter Wentzel; transferred to veteran reserve
corps Dec. 20, '63. John Wheeler, Oct. 14, '64; wounded
at Waynesboro, Ga., Dec. 4, '64; discharged Aug. 10, to
date July 18, '65. Anton Yoachim; veteran. James
Young; deserted Sept. 14, '62; returned June 12, '64;
discharged Mar. 8, '65. Henry Zeigler, May 27, '64; dis-
charged July iS, '65. Philip Zimmer, .May 27, '64; dis-
charged June 12, '65.
CO.MP.A.W K.
Officers. — Ca])ts. — Joseph' Phillips, Nov. 21, "61; re-
signed Dec. 10, '61. Henry Reemsnyder, Oct. 19, '61;
promoted from ist lieut. Company F Feb. i, '62; re-
signed Oct. 14, '62. J. Frank Miller, Oct. 7, '6i; pro-
moted from ist lieut. Company C May 22, '63; to maj.
June 23, '65. ist lieut. — Douglass Edwards, Nov. 31, '61 ;
resigned January 13, '62. Thomas A. Nichols, Nov. 21,
'61; promoted from sergt. maj. Aug. 8, '62; adj. May 22,
'63. Theophilus J. Mountz, Oct. 29, '61; promoted from
2nd lieut. Company E May 22, '63; killed at Dandridge,
Tenn., Dec. 24, '63; buried at Knoxville; grave 3. Wil-
liam Guyer, Oct. 29, 61; promoted from ist sergt. Com-
pany H, to 2nd lieut. May 26, '63; ist lieut. July i, '64;
cajjt. June 16, '65; not mustered. 2nd lieuts. — John O.
Grady, Oct. 23, '61; promoted to ist lieut. Company H
May 23, '63. Joseph D. Thomas, Sept. 18, '61; pro-
moted from private Company M Aug. 26, '64; discharged
May 22, '64; veteran. ist sergts. — William Wheeler,
Oct. 23, '61; promoted from corp. to sergt. Sept. 23, '62;
ist sergt. .'\ug. 20, '64; ist lieut. June 16, '65; not mus-
tered; veteran. John G. Harlow, Nov. 24, '61; deserted
Dec. 13, '62. Sergts. — William Kelly, Oct. 23, '61; vet-
eran. William E. Sayers, Oct. 23, '61; promoted corp.
May I, '62; sergt. Apr. i, '64; veteran. John F. Burke,
Oct. 23, '61, commissioned 2nd lieut. June 16, '65; not
mustered; veteran. Daniel (!armitchel, Oct. 23, 'Ci;
promoted from corp. May i, '64; veteran. George Dowil,
Oct. 23, '61; jiromoted corp. Oct. '63; sergt. May i, '64:
veteran. Chas. H. Sayers, May 27, '64; captured at Ciris-
woldville, Ga., Nov. 22, '64; discharged July 17, '65.
George Biggs, May 27, '64; promoted sergt. May 20, 65.
Luke White, Oct. 23, '61; discharged Dec. 24, '64.
Corporals — Samuel Bowman, Oct. 16, '61; promoted to
corp. June 10, '64; captured near Monticello, Ga.; vet-
eran. Edward Kenny, Oct. 23, '61; wounded at Gris-
wold\ille, Ga., Nov. 22, '64; veteran. William Ganigan,
Jan. 7, '64; promoted to torp. May 1, '65. Reuben Bi.\-
ler, Aug. 17, '64; discharged .May 29, '65. John Keegan,
Sept. 15, '62; promoted corp. Nov. 15. '64; discharged
May 29, '65. Henry ShalTncr, Aug. 9, '64; promoted
corp. Aug. 2 1, '64; discharged May 29, '65. John Caff-
rey, Oct. 23, '61; deserted July 10, "62. William Eagan,
Nicholas Sheridan and John Williams. Oct. 2^, '61; de-
serted Dec. 12, '62. Saddler. Peter M'Gralh, Oct 23. '61;
Ijromoted farrier Jan. i, '63; veteran. Farriers— Tlionias
Smith, Nov. 16, '61; deserted Dec. 15, "62. Blacksmiths
— Charles R. Gilbert, June 21, '64; promoted blacksmith
May 29, '65. Samuel (looflnian. .\ug. 31. "64; discharged
-NLiy 29, '65. James M'Gill, Oct. 23. "61. died at .Meri-
di.inville, Ala., [uly 20, '63. Buglers— Frank A. Hower,
.May 27, '64. John Crimniins. Aug. 30. "64. Edmund
I'isher. Oct. 23, '61; descried Dec. 13, "62.
Privalcs. — John S. Aver, .May 23, '64; never joined
company. Peter Agnew, Aug. I'c, "'64; discharged May
23, 65. Ross Ashton, Sept. 5, '64; discharged May 23,
'65. Fklward Baker. Oct. 23, '61; veteran. James
Burns, .May 27, '64. John H. Bachman, Sept. 25, '64;
discharged .May 29, '65. Augustus Bahney, .Aug. 30, '64;
discharged .May 29, '65. Byron Bensing, Sept. 24, '64;
discharged May 29, '65. Jacob Bcachler, .\ug. 10, '64;
discharged May 29, '65. Jacob S. Bilner, .\iig. 15, '64;
discharged NLiy 2C}, '65. John Brubaker, Oct. 7, '61;
discharged D^c. 24, '64. James P. Burr, Nov. 21, '61;
died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 17, '64. John Booth, Sept.
6, '64; died at New York Apr. 16, '65. Thomas l}cst-
ford, Oct. 31, '61; deserted Dec. 13, '62. James Burke,
Oct. 31, '61; deserted Nov. i, '62. James Butler, R. 1'.
Bliss, G. T. Britton and James P. Bird, '61; deserted.
Isaac Carroll, Oct. 23, '61; veteran. John Carmitchel,
Oct. 23, '61; deserted Oct., '62; returned Nov. 15. '64;
discharged Aug. i, '65. Robert Carmitchel, iNLar. 16, "64.
William L. Chilcoat, Feb. 25, '64. Almeron Ciiapman.
Sept. 17, '64; discharged May 29, '65. Gjorge Clements,
Se])t. 6, '64; discharged ALiy 29, '65. (jeorge W. Craig,
Oct. 23, '61; killed at DandriiJge, Tenn., Jan. 16, '64.
Bennett Craig; killed at Griswoldville. Ga., Nov. 22, '64.
Samuel G. Chilcoat, Feb. 25, '64; died at Whiteside,
Tenn., July 7, '64. James Cawiey, Oct. 31, '61; deserterl
Dec. 12, '62. John Coleman, Oct. 23, '61; deserted
Nov. 15, '62. Freman Cosier and John Coleman; de-
serted. George F. Drumm, .NLir. 23, '64. Lewis Davis,
Aug. 15, '64; discharged May 29, '65. Wesley Douglass,
Sept. 7, '64; discharged iNIay 29, '65. Theodore C.
Dechant, Oct. 7, '61; discharged Dec. 24, '64. Patrick
Donnelly Oct. 23, '61; discharged on surg's certificate.
Patrick Duffy, '61; discharged. Thomas F. Davis, Oct.
23, '6i; deserted Jan. 14, '62. John Daley, Oct. 23, '61;
deserted Dec. 12, '62. John Delany, Oct. 15, '61; de-
serted Dec. 12, '62. Francis Dillen, Oct. 23, '61: de-
serted Dec. ir, '62. John Dovod, ^61; deserted. Abner
Ivsenhower, Aug. 15. '64; discharged. May 29, '65. David
T. English, Sept. 17, '64; discharged May 29, '65.
'J'homas Flannery, NLay 27, '64; discharged July 10, '65.
Richard Freney, May 27. '64; discharged July 10, "65.
William Fahs, Sept. 16, '64, and James Freeman, Aug. 9,
'64; discharged May 29. "65. Daniel S. Feidt and Sam-
uel Fetterholf, Oct. 7, '61. Patrick Flood, Oct. 23, '61.
I'homas W. Flynn, Oct. 31. '61, and Thomas Foy, Oct.
2},, 'Oi; discharged I.)ec. 24, '64. James Hynn, Nov. 16,
'61; deserted Nov. 15, '62. Howard B. Fuller, '61;
not on muster-out roll. John Geesy. NLir. 22, '64.
I'",li Gallagher, Feb. 20, '64; wounded at Griswoldville,
G.I., Nov. 22, '64; discharged June 9, '65. John M.
Grove, Sept. 5, '65; discharged May 29, '65. John K.
Griniey, Aug. 30, '64; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga.,
Nov. 22, '64; discharged May 29, '65. Charles Gregory
and Martin Grady, Oct. 23, "61; discharged on surg's
y*^
20
*i>
154
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
certificate Mar. 25, '63. Peter Galligan, Oct. 23, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate Dec, '62. Edwin M.
Goodwin, Nov. 16, '61; discharged on surg's certificate
Mar. 14, '63. Erancis Garner, Oct. 23, '61; discharged
Dec. 24, '64. Thomas Gilbert, Oct. 23, '61; died at Ba-
con Creek, Ga., Mar. 10, '62. Abraham Garnett, Oct.
23, '61; deserted Apr. 16, '62. Lewis Cablenian, Nov.
16, '61; deserted. John Howlev, May 10. '64.
John M. Hosick, Oct. 31, '61. John C. Hart-
man, Oct. 7, '61; discharged Dec. 24, '64. PhiHp
Hahn, Aug. 24, '64; discharged May 23, '65, Irving
Howard, Sept. 18, '64; discharged June 8, '65. Aaron
Hoffman, Sejit. 25, '64; wounded at Averysboro, N. C,
Mar. 14, '65; discharged May 29, '64. Luiiier E. Hem-
ler and Jolin P. Humphries, Sept. 6, '64, and
Lyman Humes, Aug. 15, '64; discharged May 29,
'65. Samuel Hints, Nov. 10, "61; discharged
on surg's certificate '62. Jahiel Huff. Sept. 5,
'64; wounded at Griswold\'ille, (in., Nov. 22. '64; dis-
charged ^Lay 29, '65. John Harris. Feb. 17, 62; died
at Danville, Ky., July 19, '62, of wounds received in
action. Hugh R. Hughes, Oct. 31, '61; deserted. Solo-
mon Hampson, Feb. 25, '64; never joined company.
Michael Hollahan, May 26, '64; deserted Jan. 24, '65.
Charles P. Houser, Nov. 22, '64; not on muster out roll.
Joseph Jones, Oct. 23, '61; captured at Fayetteville, N.
C, Mar. 10, '65; discharged July 6, '65; veteran. John
Judge, Oct. 23, '61; Jonathan Jellison, Nov. 16, '6r; and
William A. Junk, Oct. 7, '61; discharged Dec. 24, '64.
John G. Jones, Oct. 23, '61; killed at Dandridge, Tenn.,
Jan. 10, '64. William Jones, July 3, '62; died at Shield's
Mills, Tenn., Apr. 13, '65. Robert L. Johnson, May
27, '64; never joined company. James Jones, '61;
not on muster out roll. John Jeremiah, deserted.
Hugh Kenny, May 9, '64; absent, with leave, at muster
out. Jacob Kissinger, Feb. 25, '64. Samuel Klinger,
Sept. 20, '64; Henry Kline, Aug. 19, '64; and David
Kichline, Aug. 17, '64; discharged May 29, '65. H.
Klingensmith, Nov. 16, '61; discharged; veteran. Pat-
rick Kerrigan, Oct. 23, '61; discharged Dec. 24, '64.
Michael Kelly, Oct. 23, '6t; discharged on surg's certifi-
cate Mar. 10, '64; died Mar. 17, '64. Jonathan Koenig,
Nov. 16, '61; deserted. Jacob F. Lantz, Feb. 24, '64.
William Learch, Nov. 24, '61; discharged Dec. 24, '64.
Michael Leonard, Oct. 15, '61; captured; paroled; dis-
charged June 13,' '65; veteran. Michael Lonarngan,
Aug. 16, '64; discharged May 29, '65. John Logue,
Oce. 23, '61; transferred to veteran reserve corps. John
Lyons, Oct. 23, '61; transferred to Company D. John
La France, '61; deserted. James D. Miller, Aug.
15, '64; discharged May 29, '65. Harmon F. Mor-
gan, Oct. 23, '61; discharged on surg's certificate.
Hugh Murphy, Oct. 23, '61; discharged on surg's certifi-
cate '62. Joseph T. Millhouse, .'\ug. 15, '64; died at
Blair's Landing, S. C, Apr. i, '65. Oliver Muchless,
Nov. 16, '61; deserted Jan. 20, '63. Thomas Murphy,
Sept. 8, '64; deserted Oct. 26, '64. Jacob A. Moltz, Feb.
9, '64; not on muster out roll. Amos M'CoUy, Feb. 24,
'64. John M'Nulty, Oct. 23, '61; deserted Dec. 13, '62;
returned May 23, '64. John M'Corraick, Sept. 7, '64.
discharged May 29, '65. Martin M'Cormick, Oct. 23,
*6i; dishonorably discharged. John M'Conologue, Oct.
31, '61; discharged Nov. 14, '64. Jeremiah M'Carty,
Oct. 31, '61; transferred to veteran reserve corps. James
M'Alroy, June 5, 'Ot,; died Nov. 23, '64. James M'Nulty,
Nov. 16, '61; deserted Dec. 13, '61. Anthony M'Guinn,
Mar. 30, '64; never joined company. John Nealis, May
9, '64. Owen O'Boyle, Oct. 23, '61; discharged Dec. 24,
'64. William O'Toole, Nov. 24, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate, .^ug. 6, '62; William R. Osborn, Feb. 19, '64;
transferred to Company K. Albert Parker, Sept. 6, '64;
discharged May 29, '65. Daniel Phillips, Nov. 16, '61:
absent on furlough at muster out. John Preston, Oct.
23, '61; deserted Dec. 25, '62. William Ressinger,
Oct. 4, '64; discharged Aug. 26, '65. John F.
Reinoehl, Feb. 22, '64; absent with leave at mus-
ter out. John. F. Roberts, Michael Reap and William
Richards, '61; deserted. Samuel Shaffer, Nov. 16,
'61; veteran. Henry Schrolls, Sept. 12, '64; captured
at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, '64. William Shields, ab-
sent in confinement at muster out. John H. Serf, Oct.
17, and William Sheets, Aug. 9, '64; discharged May 29,
'65. John Stoers, Dec. 31, '61; discharged. Andrew J.
Stabler, Aug. 15, '64; discharged June 26, '65. James
H. Stevens, Feb. 19, '64; transferred to Company M.
James Smith, May 12, '64; never joined company. James
Spence, Samuel Smith, William H. Sherwood and Samuel
Snoddy, '61; deserted. Henry Towner, Mar. 30, '64.
Isaac Uhler, Feb. 24, '64; discharged. Edward L. Van-
auken, Oct. 23, '61; dishonorably discharged. Patrick
Welsh, May 26, '64. William Warfell, Feb. 24, '64.
Henry Winds, May 23, '64; absent with leave at muster
out. John W. Whitmer, Feb. 18, '64. William Wolf,
Sept. 5, '64. Lewis P. Winters and Samuel Wentz, Sept.
24, '64. Urias Weaver, Aug. 15, '64, John Williams,
Sept. 7, '64. John Woods, Aug. 17, '64, Levi Workman,
Sept. 6, '64, and H. L. Wambaugh, Aug, 31, '64; dis-
charged May 29, '65. Thomas Wright, Oct. 23, '61; dis-
charged on surg's certificate Mar. 25, '63. Robert Wiley,
Miles Welsh and Richard Williams, '61 ; deserted. Wil-
son Yarnell, Sept, 3, '64; discharged May, 29, '65.
COMPANY L,
Officers. — Captains — George D. Hand, Nov. 14, '6t;
resigned Apr. 30, '62. Gilbert Waters, Oct. i, '61; pro-
moted from ist lieut. Apr. 30, '62; killed at Shelbyville,
Tenn., June 28, '63. George Smith, Oct. 15, '61; pro-
moted from ist lieut. Company D Sept. r, '63. ist
lieuts. — William M. Shoemaker, Aug. 24, '64; promoted
from 2nd lieut. Apr. 30, '62; resigned Apr. 7, '63. Henry
K. Myers, Oct. 3, '61; promoted from sergt. Company A
May 26, '63; captured at Solemn Grov.>, N. C, Mar. 10,
'65. 2nd lieuts. — Isaac Lloyd, Jan. 10, '62; promoted
from sergt. maj. Apr. 3, '62; ist lieut. Company E May
22, '63. Christopher Walther, Oct. 15, '61; promoted
from ist sergt. Company D May 23, '63; ist lieut. Com-
pany D May 30, '64. John W. Wyeth, Oct. 17, '61; pro-
moted from reg. com. sergt. June 30, '64; veteran, ist
sergts. — William W. Prichard, Nov. 14, '61; promoted to
ist sergt. Jan. i, '64; veteran. Doctor A. Shelp, Nov.
14, '61; promoted 2nd lieut. Company M May 22, 'iiT,.
Charles Coglizer, Nov. 14, '61; promoted sergt. maj, Apr.
8, '62. Hiram A. Dupue, Nov. 14, '61; transferred to
veteran reserve corps Mar. 20, '63. Sergts. — Alonzo G.
Melligan, Nov. 14, '61; promoted sergt. Jan. i, '64; vet-
eran. George Brown, Oct. 30, '61; promoted sergt. Jan.
I, '64; veteran. John P. Colburn, Nov. 14, '61; pro-
moted sergt. Jan. i, '64; wounded Mar. 11, '65; absent,
in hospital, at muster out; veteran. William H. Sharp,
Nov. 14, '61; promoted sergt. Jan. i, '64; wounded,
with loss of leg, Mar. 15, '65; veteran. David Bowman,
Oct. 30, '61; promoted sergt. Jan. i, '64; veteran. Albert
P. Bratton, Oct. 30, '61; promoted sergt. Jan. i, '64;
wounded at Waynesboro, Ga., Dec. 4, '64; absent, in
hospital, at muster out; veteran. William T. Dale
Nov. 14, '61; promoted segt. Jan. i, '64; veteran.
Jacob Bennett, Oct. 30, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate Mar. 10, '62. Robert Wheeler, Nov.
14, '61; discharged on surg's certificate June 8, '63.
Shadrack Austin, Nov. 14, '61 ; died at Springfield, Tenn.,
May 5, "62. Dilton F. Miller, Nov. 14, '61; died at
-^H
COMI'ANV L, NINETY-SECOND REGIMENT.
'SS
Litchfield, Ky., Mar. 13, '62. Corps. — Daniel (.leary,
Nov. 14, '61; promoted Corp. Jan. i, '64; veteran. David
Hutchinson, June 4, '64; promoted corp. June 4, '65.
Robert HIakeslee, Nov. 14, '61; wounded Dec. '63; pro-
moted to corp. Jan. i, '64; veteran. H. S. Spigelmyer,
Oct. 30, '61; promoted corp. Jan. I, '61 ; veteran. David
P. Scull, Nov. 14, '61; promoted corp. Jan. i, '64; veteran.
.\lexander Wagner, Oct. 30, '61 ; ])romoted corp. Jan. i,'64;
veteran. David Walls, Oct. 30, 61; promoted corp. Jan.
I, '65. Sadler, Samuel Skelley, Sept. 2, '64; discharged
liy general order May 29, '65. Farrier, Enoch Cordner,
Nov. 14, '61; i)romoted farrier Jan. i, '65; veteran.
Blacksmith, Edward Marsh, Nov. 14, '61; (iromoted
blacksmith Jan. 1/65; veteran. Buglers— James H. Cum-
mings, Oct. i, '64; promoted bugler Jan, 4, '65; dis-
charged July 17, "65. .XikIicw Farlev, Nov. i, '61; dis-
charged Dec. 24, '64. I'^dward F. Wright, Oct. 30, '61:
discharged on surg's certificate Oct. 18, '62.
Priratts. — H. H. .Amheiser, Oct. 30, 61; veteran.
John Arnold, October 6, '64. Jacob Ashenfelter, Aug.
17, '64; discharged May 19, '65. Benjamin F. Allen,
.\ug. 29, "64; discharged May 29, '65. John H. Ander-
son, Sept. 6, '64; discharged May 29, '65. William W.
Brandon, Oct. 30, '61; absent, on furlough, at muster out;
veteran. Benjamin P. Behm, Sept. 17, '64; discharged
May 29, '65. John H. Brought, Oct. 30, '6:; wounded
Dec. '63; discharged Dec. 24, '64. Moses Botts, Oct. 7,
'61; discharged Dec. 24, '64. Isaac Buchanan, .^ug. 6,
'64; discharged May 29, '65. George Bowman, Sept. 15,
■62; discharged May 29, "65. Watson Bryan and George
I!. Bradley, Oct. 30, '61; deserted Mar. 21, '63. Joseph
Beatley, Feb. 26, '64; deserted. Thomas Burns, May 13,
'64; deserted. Lewis R. Burns, Oct. 18, '64; deserted.
Theodore Brennan, May 19, '64; deserted. James Bar-
ney, '61; not on muster out roll. James Cooper, June 4,
'64. James Cooper, Sept. 24, '64; discharged May 29,
'65. Nathan Cooper, Nov. 14, '61; discharged Dec. 24,
'64. John Cain, Oct. 30, "61 ; discharged on surg"s certifi-
cate June 7, '62. Silas Coleman, Nov. 14, '61; discharged
on surg's certificate .^ug. r, 62. William Claudy, Oct. 7,
'64; dischargeii on surg's certificate A])r. 23, '65. Benja-
min Y. Clark, Sept. 6, '64; discharged May 29, '65.
Thomas Collins, Aug. 6, '64; deserted Aug. 12, '<54.
Ciprum Cobb, '61; not on muster out roll. William
Davis, Oct. 30, "61; veteran. Hugh Dunlap, Sept. 27, '64;
discharged May 20, '65. John Dunlap, Sept. 27, '64;
wounded at Clinton, Ga., Nov. 22, '64; discharged May
29, '65. William Davis, Nov. 14, '61; discharged Dec.
24, '64. David Hicks, Nov. 14, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate Jan. 16, '6.?. John Dougherty, Nov. 14, '61;
discharged on surg's certificate Feb. 8, '63. Uriah H.
Douglass, Sept. 5, '64; discharged May 29, '65. Joseph
I )emyers, '6 J ; discharged. Henry Davidsizer, Oct. 30,
'61; died at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 21, '63. James K.
Davis, Jan. i , "64; died at Wilmington, N. C, in May, '65,
of wounds received near Fayetteville Mar. 1 1.'65; veteran.
Charles Davis, June 9, '64, John Deveney, May 13, '64,
and Morris C. Duffy, Dec. 18, '64; deserted. James
Doman, Oct. 30, '61; deserted Jan. \,'(>t,. Henry Davis,
'61; deserted. Joshua Everhart, Oct. 30, '61; veteran.
William Evans, Sept. 17, '64; discharged May 29, '65.
Samuel Egerly, May 23, '64; deserted. Joseph Elliott,
.Vug. 31, '64; prisoner from -Mar. i to Apr. 2, '65;
discharged June 2, '65. William M. Fields, Oct. 30,
'61; veteran. Jacob W. Foust, Oct. 30, '61, and Francis
Feindt, Oct. 7, '61; discharged Dec. 24, '64. Leonard
I-'reeman, Nov. 14, '61; transferred to marine brigade
Jan. 15, '63. John F. Fellh, June 19, '64; and Joseph S.
Ford May 22,. '64; deserted. Wm. C. Goodwin, Oct. 30,
'61; veteran. Daniel Granger, F'eb. 29, '64; wounded at
Clinton, Ga., Nov. 22, '64. John Grove, Sept. 2},, '(iy.
discharged May 15, '65. Henry S. Grove, Sept. 17, '64;
discharged May 29, '65. George Greenawalt, t)ct. 30,
'61 ; discharged Dec. 24, '64. John Gallagher, Sept. 12,
'64, and Andrew A. Grandy, Sept. is;, '64; discharged
May 29, '65. Edward Garvey, May 13, '64; deserted.
Franklin Gault, Oct. 30, '61; deserted Nov. 15, '61.
Henry Hughes, Oct. 30, '61; veteran. I'erry Hutchinson,
June 3, '64. John Harris and Jacob Houser, Oct. 30,
'61 ; discharged Dec. 24, '64. Hugh A. Hamilton, Oct.
30, '61: discharged on surg's certificate Aug. 22, '62
Samuel Hutchins, Oct. 31, '61; discharged on surg's cer-
tificate May 24, '62. John Hydecker, Sept. 9, 64. Wil-
liam Hartman, Sept. 17, '64. James Hatten and Crull
M. Hays, Sept. 17, '64; di.scharged May 29. '65. (ieorge
Hol/.er, .Aug. 9, '64; deserted .Aug. 10, '64. lacob H.
Huber, May 25, '64, and Peter Huber, Sept. 17, '64; de-
serted. David Jenkins, Oct. 30, '61; veteran. Joseph
Jeffries, Aug. 29, '64; discharged June 8, '65. John
Jones Nov. 14, '61; died at Franklin, Tenn , Apr. 24, '63,
of wounds received in action. Charles H. Jones, Nov,
14, '61; deserted Mar. 21, '63. Gilbert L. Kough and
Thomas Kennedy, Oct. 30, '61; veterans. David
King, Sejjt. 21, '64. Louis F. Kraft, Sept. 17,
'64, and John Kirk, Sept 15, '64 ; discharged
May 29, '65. John King, May 19, '64; deserted.
Daniel Kiniston, May 24, '64; deserted. John Kelly,
May 28, '64; deserted. Joseph L. Keller, Nov. 14, '61;
deserted Nov. 4, '63. George Kough, Oct. 30, '61;
deserted Nov. 15, '61. John Larnard, May 5, '64.
Samuel C. Liggett, Sept. 19, '64; discharged May
29, '65. Edward Lewis, Nov. 14, '61; discharged
i\Iar. 30, '65. John Maggord, Oct. 4, '64. James I.
Miller, Oct. 30, '61; discharged Dec. 24,
Marlin, Nov. 14, '61; discharged Dec. 24, '64.
Miller, Sept. 17, '64; discharged May 29, '65.
Miller, Sept. 8, '64; dischargeii May 29, '65.
Muchler, Sept. 3, '64; discharged ^Iay 29, '65.
.Marlin, Sept. 2, '64; discharged May 29, '65.
'64. John
Jesse B.
Henry M.
George C.
Jefferson
Lemuel
Morgan, Nov. 14, '61; transferred to veteran reserve
corps May 18, '63. Daniel Markle, Sept. 8, '64: killed
near Kenansville, N. C, Apr. 11, '65. Henderson Moh-
ney, June 3, '64; deserted Sept., '64. James Manning,
Sept. 24, '64; deserted. Stephen Mitchell. May 10, '64;
deserted. Robert S. Milligan, Aug. 31, '64; prisoner
from Dec. 3, '64, to Feb. 27, '65; discharged June 12, '65.
J. T. H. M'Connell, May 23, '64; absent, at Camp Par-
ole, at muster out. Timothy M'Carthy, Nov. 14, '61;
discharged Dec. 24, '64. Charles M'Guire, Nov. 14, '61;
dishonorably discharged Apr. 22, '62. Wm. N. M'Alis-
ter, Sept. 19, '64; discharged May 29, '65. John M'Kin-
ley, Oct. 30, "61; died at Nashville, Tenn., Apr. i, '63.
Limes M'Coy, Sept. 7. '64; killed near Kenansville, N.C.,
.Apr. II, '65. John M'Crane, May 19, 64; deserted.
James Nagle, Sept. 15, '64; died at Elmira, N. Y.,
[an. 18, '65. James Quinn, Aug. 2, '64; deserted.
John H. Prichard, May 27, '64. John Patton, Aug.
18, '64; discharged May 29, '65. Levi Pole and James
Potter, Nov. 14, '61; discharged Dec. 24. '64. Levi Phil-
lips, Nov. 14, '61 ; discharged on surg'scertificate Apr. 8, '62.
William H. Pettit, Sept. 20, '64; discharged May 29, "65.
William H. Reed, Aug. 10, '62. -George Roach, Mar. 23,
'64. Amos Rumbarger, F'eb. 23, '64; discharged July 3,
'65. Joel Rlioads, Oct. 30, '61; discharged on surg's cer-
tificate June 12, '63. William A. Reese, Sept. 5, '64;
discharged June 13, '65. Adam Rowe; discharged June
24, '65. Jacob K. Ruth, Aug. 11, '64; discharged May
29, '65. James Ruth, June 18, '64; not on muster out
roll. John Scott, May 5, '64. Joseph Stroup, Oct. 7,
'61. George H. Summers, May 5, '64; captured Dec. 3,
'64. Lemon Scrader, Sept. 5, '64; captured Nov. 24,
'64. John W. Snavely, Sept. 17, '64; discharged May 29,
=^
156
HISTORY OF LUZERNE COUNTY.
'65. Edward Swiggart, Sept. 22, '64; discharged May 29,
'65. Samuel Shire, Oct. 30, '61; discharged on si'.rg's
certificate Mar. 29, '62. Peter B. Sites, Nov. 14, '61 ; dis-
charged on surg's certificate June 11, '63. Miles Sutliff,
Nov. 14, '61; discharged on surg's certificate May 16,
'62. Henry Shilling, Oct. 30, '61; discharged on surg's
certificate Nov. 16, '61. David Swartz, Sept. 16, '64;
discharged May 29, '65. Charles B. Smelkcr, Aug. 29,
'64; discharged' May 29, 'O5. Henry S. Shaffer, Aug. 8,
'64; discharged May 29, '65. Stejihen Slocum, Nov. 14,
'61; died at Springfield, Tenn., May 16, '62. Charles L.
Tucker, Sept. 27, '64; discharged May 29, '65. John M.
Tarbet, Sept. 6, '64; wounded at Solemn Grove, N. C,
May 10, '65; discharged May 29, '65. David Thomas,
Nov. 14, '61; discharged on surg's certificate Jan. 15, '63.
Thomas Toland, Nov. 14, '61; died at Louisville, Ky.,
Sept. 12, '62. William Thompson, June 7, '64; deserted.
John Vaughn, Nov. 14, '6i; discharged Dec. 24, '64.
John Vancamp; Oct. 30, '61; discharged on surg's cer-
iiricate Oct. 21, '62. George B. Vanzandt, Sept. 17, ^64.
discharged May 29, '65. Nathaniel A.Whitman, Feb. 24,'64.
William H. Wilson, Oct. 6, '64. Darius Wheeler, Nov.
14, '61; veteran. Thomas Wells, Aug. 4, '64; discharged
May 29, '65. R. C. Williamson, Nov. 14, '61; discharged
Dec. 24, '64. Moses F. Williams, Nov. 14, '61 ; discharged
Dec. 24, '64. E. W. Walters, Sept. 19, '64; discharged
May 29, '65. Robert Walls, Sept. 5, '64; discharged May
29, '65. John T. Wiley, Sept. 5, '64; discharged May
29, '65. Josei)h Walter, Sept. 8, '64; transferred to Com-
pany C. George Wertz, Oct. 30, '61; deserted Jan. 15,
'63. Charles Wilson, May 25, '64; deserted. Benjamin
Zeigler, Oct. 30, '61; died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug.
12, '64.
NINETY-SIXTH REGIMENT.
The nucleus of this regiment was the National Light
Infantry of Pottsville, which was one of the first compa-
nies to reach the national capital on the breaking out of
the Rebellion.
November Sth, 1861, it was moved to Washington.
On the 25th of the same month it crossed the Potomac,
and December 27th went into winter quarters. The
next spring, after two or three short marches, it went
with its division into the Peninsula. Its first engage-
ment was at West Point, where it assisted in dislodging
a rebel force from the woods. Up to the opening of the
Seven-Day battle, late in June, the regiment was engaged
in picket and fatigue duty. During these fights it was
frequently closely engaged and in one of them — that of
Gaines's Mill — it lost heavily.
In August it returned to Alexandria, and went thence
to Bull Run and finally to South Mountain, where on the
14th of September it was engaged at Crampton's Gap so
severely that its loss was 20 killed and 85 wounded out
of 400.
It was again engaged at Antietam, September 17th, but
suffered only slightly. It manoeuvred with the army
through the Fredericksburg camjjaign, but was only
slightly engaged in the battle. Through the winter of
1S62-3 it went on the mud march and did provost and
fatigue duty. At Chancellorsville it was engaged, losing
in killed, wounded and missing 93. Early in June it
went forward on thie Gettysburg camjiaign, and it was
engaged in the battle but not severely. It took part in
the pursuit of the retreating foe, occasionally skirmish.
ing. During the winter of 1863-4 it was in camp on the
Rappahannock. In May, 1864, it took the field at the
battle of the Wilderness, where it .skirmished during five
days and finally in a fierce charge suffered severely. It
was again actively engaged near Spottsylvania, and in
this series of engagements it lost in killed, wounded
and missing 185. It was engaged at Cold Harbor, and
took part in the siege of Petersburg and the raid on the
Weldon railroad. It returned to Washington, went in
pursuit of Early, participated in the Shenandoah Valley
campaign, and at the expiration of its term of service,
September 22nd, 1864, it was mustered out.
Company E of this regiment was partially r 
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